desolventization/toasting process has been shown to reduce the content and availability of amino acids in CM as a result of Maillard reaction (Newkirk et al., ...
Effect of Processing Conditions on the Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Canola Meal for Poultry and Swine D. I. Adewole1, A. Rogiewicz1, B. Dyck2, C. M. Nyachoti1 and B. A. Slominski1 1 Department
of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2 2 Canola
Council of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada R3B 0T6
Introduction Canola meal (CM), a by-product of the canola crushing industry, is commonly used in poultry diet as an economically viable alternative to soybean meal. It is a good source of the sulphur amino acids, methionine and cysteine as well as other amino acids. The nutritive value of CM can be enhanced or diminished by the processing conditions in the various crushing plants. The processes involved in pre-press solvent extraction of canola include: seed cleaning, seed pre-conditioning and flaking, seed cooking, pressing, solvent extraction, and finally desolventization/toasting of the meal. The desolventization/toasting process has been shown to reduce the content and availability of amino acids in CM as a result of Maillard reaction (Newkirk et al., 2003).
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of processing conditions on the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestible amino acids contents of CM in broiler chickens and growing pigs. Pre-press Solvent Extraction Process Heat treatment
Materials and Methods Samples of CM were collected from eleven Canadian canola crushing plants over four consecutive years: 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Each plant provided 3 samples per year. The samples were subjected to crude protein, amino acids, carbohydrates, fat, total and phytate phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber and glucosinolates analyses. Detailed analytical procedures were employed to determine dietary fiber and its components, including non-starch polysaccharides, lignin and polyphenols, and neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP). Based on the levels of dietary fiber and NDICP, 6 representative samples were selected and used in an amino acids digestibility study involving 240 1-d old broiler chicks and 18 ilealcannulated barrows (23.3 kg). Chicks were randomly assigned to 8 semipurified diets (including 2 additional diets containing pelleted CM) formulated to contain 22 % CP and 0.3 % Cr2O3 as an indigestible marker. Semipurified diets for pigs contained 18 % CP using the same set of CM samples. A casein-cornstarch diet was included to determine ileal endogenous amino acids losses in pigs. Pigs were individually housed in pens and were fed the 9 diets in a CRD for 3 periods. All data were subjected to ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS.
10m = Plant 10 mash;10p = Plant 10 pellet;11m = Plant 11 mash; 11p = Plant 11 pellet
Results Chemical Composition of Canola Meals (n = 11; DM basis) Component, %
2011
2012
2013
2014
Range Min. – Max.
Crude Protein Ether Extract Sucrose Phosphorus Non-phytate P Neutral Detergent Fiber Total Dietary Fiber - NSP1 - NDICP2 - Lignin Glucosinolates (µmol/g) Arginine Lysine Threonine Methionine Cystine
40.6 3.70 5.70 1.01 0.38 29.3 37.4 21.3 4.50 11.6 4.30 1.81 1.85 1.43 0.56 0.78
41.7 4.00 6.50 1.12 0.50 30.0 37.6 22.0 6.00 9.60 5.20 2.47 2.20 1.81 0.72 0.86
43.7 3.60 5.60 1.22 0.49 22.7 35.5 20.9 5.30 9.30 5.10 2.54 2.29 1.30 0.73 0.88
40.6 2.80 6.90 1.12 0.40 30.9 41.1 23.3 5.70 12.4 4.00 2.28 2.07 1.65 0.73 0.84
36.8 - 45.9 0.54 - 5.41 4.40 - 8.74 0.89 - 1.36 0.23 - 0.65 22.7 - 39.5 28.2 - 47.8 17.5 - 26.1 2.24 - 11.0 5.79 - 14.7 0.48 - 12.8 1.37 - 2.79 1.55 - 2.61 1.01 - 1.94 0.44 - 0.86 0.59 - 1.02
1Nonstarch
polysaccharides
2Neutral
detergent insoluble crude protein
Conclusions ➢The variations in the contents of CP, dietary fiber and glucosinolates between crushing plants could be due to overheating and consequent formation of Maillard reaction products. This is further confirmed by the negative correlation between dietary fiber and glucosinolates contents. ➢Differences in chemical compositions of CM result in differences in the standardized ileal digestible amino acids contents in both broiler chickens and growing pigs. ➢Pelleting reduced the standardized ileal digestible contents in both broiler chickens and growing pigs. ➢There was a high positive correlation (R2=0.9146) between SID lysine in poultry and swine
Reference Newkirk, R. W., H. L. Classen, and M. J. Edney. 2003a. Effects of pre-press solvent extraction on the nutritional value of canola meal for broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 104:111-119.
Acknowledgement
