Effect of temperature and concentration on commercial silicon module based low-concentration photovoltaic system Pankaj Yadav, Brijesh Tripathi, Makarand Lokhande, and Manoj Kumar Citation: J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5, 013113 (2013); doi: 10.1063/1.4790817 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790817 View Table of Contents: http://jrse.aip.org/resource/1/JRSEBH/v5/i1 Published by the American Institute of Physics.
Related Articles Precipitated iron: A limit on gettering efficacy in multicrystalline silicon J. Appl. Phys. 113, 044521 (2013) Towards an optimized all lattice-matched InAlAs/InGaAsP/InGaAs multijunction solar cell with efficiency >50% Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 033901 (2013) Thin-film-based CdTe photovoltaic module characterization: Measurements and energy prediction improvement Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 015114 (2013) Enhanced external quantum efficiency in rectangular single nanowire solar cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 021101 (2013) Modelling of GaAsP/InGaAs/GaAs strain-balanced multiple-quantum well solar cells J. Appl. Phys. 113, 024512 (2013)
Additional information on J. Renewable Sustainable Energy Journal Homepage: http://jrse.aip.org/ Journal Information: http://jrse.aip.org/about/about_the_journal Top downloads: http://jrse.aip.org/features/most_downloaded Information for Authors: http://jrse.aip.org/authors
JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 5, 013113 (2013)
Effect of temperature and concentration on commercial silicon module based low-concentration photovoltaic system Pankaj Yadav,1 Brijesh Tripathi,1,2 Makarand Lokhande,2 and Manoj Kumar2,a) 1
School of Solar Energy, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, India 2 School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, India (Received 17 October 2012; accepted 25 January 2013; published online 8 February 2013)
A low-concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) system has immense potential for further cost reduction of solar photovoltaic (PV) power as compared to flat panel PV. This paper explains the performance of commercially available solar PV module mounted on parabolic trough collector experimentally and theoretically. A piecewise linear parabolic trough collector is modeled and designed to focus the solar radiation with uniform intensity on solar PV module. Silicon solar PV module based LCPV system is also modeled and simulated to study the variation of output power, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current with respect to module temperature and irradiance. The developed theoretical model is able to predict the performance of a LCPV system under the actual test conditions (ATCs). It was observed that the open-circuit voltage decreases from 9.86 to 8.24 V with temperature coefficient of voltage 0.021 V/K under ATC. The short-circuit current of LCPV system shows increasing trend with light concentration with a rate of 0.285 Am2/kW. The results confirm that the commercially available silicon solar PV module performs C 2013 American Institute of Physics. satisfactorily up to 8 Sun concentration. V [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790817] NOMENCLATURE
CR W D 1r hc F r Rmin L a Aa kB IPH IS q A TC RSH a)
Concentration ratio Width of the profile Depth of the profile Rim angle Acceptance angle Focus point Reflectivity of mirrors Half width of the solar panel Parabolic trough length Absorption coefficient Aperture area Boltzmann’s constant (1.38 1023) Light generated current or photocurrent Cell saturation or dark current Electron charge (1.61019 C) Ideality factor Working temperature of solar cell (K) Shunt resistance
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail:
[email protected]. Tel.: þ91 79 2327 5328. Fax: þ91 79 2327 5030.
1941-7012/2013/5(1)/013113/10/$30.00
5, 013113-1
C 2013 American Institute of Physics V
013113-2
RS NS NP ISC KI TRef k r IRS Eg
Yadav et al.
J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5, 013113 (2013)
Series resistance Series number of cells in a PV module Parallel number of modules for a PV array Cell’s short-circuit current at 25 C and 1 kW/m2 Cell’s short-circuit current temperature coefficient Cell’s reference temperature Solar insolation in kW/m2 Reflection coefficient of mirror Cell’s reverse saturation current at a reference temperature and solar radiation Band-gap energy of the semiconductor used in the cell
I. INTRODUCTION
Silicon based solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is emerging as a potential renewable energy source for future power requirements. Still the cost reduction of this technology is an important area of concern. There are several ways by which the cost of this technology can be reduced, e.g., improving the efficiency, efficient light trapping, using thinner wafer, thin-film silicon technology, concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) technology, etc. Compared to nonconcentrating solar PV systems, the required area for solar PV module is reduced by the factor of concentration ratio (CR), providing significant reduction in the overall cost of solar PV system. A considerable amount of research is going-on in the field of CPV systems with different optics (mirrors or lenses—Fresnel or anidolic), spot sizes and geometries, tracking strategies, cooling systems (active or passive), and cells (Si or III–V compound semiconductors, whether single or multi-junction).1,2 Composite split-spectrum concentrator solar cell having efficiency of 43% has been reported at laboratory level.3 The III-V compound based multi-junction solar cells are quite expensive4 and for bringing them to commercial level, it needs a geometrical CR of greater than 500. Generally, higher the concentration ratio, greater the accuracy needed in tracking the Sun and smaller the manufacturing and installing tolerances permitted. This means that high efficiency and high concentration concepts need very accurate systems, including their manufacture, installation, and Sun tracking which increases their cost. The two remarkable exceptions where silicon was used for CPV, the Euclides system, which used laser-grooved buried contact Si solar cells made by BP Solar as mentioned by Sala et al.,5 and the back point contact Si solar cells manufactured by Amonix, Inc. as mentioned in Ref. 6. These technologies are unable to find a niche for itself in CPV market. Low-concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) systems (
