Effect of Using Spirulina spp. Instead of Fishmeal on ...

KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF SALAHADDIN-ERBIL

Effect of Using Spirulina spp. Instead of Fishmeal on Growth, Blood Picture and Microbial load of Common carp Cyprinus carpio

A Thesis Submitted to the council of the college of Agriculture University of SalahaddinErbil in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Master in Agricultural Science-Animal Resource-Fish Nutrition

By Hawkar Jaafar Hamad Ameen Al-Koye-B.Sc. in Agreculture-Animal Resource-Salahaddin University-2007

SUPERVISED BY Dr. Nasreen Muhi alddin Abdulrahman-Lecturer

March 2013 A.D.

Rabee’u al-thanee 1434 Al-H.

Rashame 2712 K.

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬ ۚ ‫هللا َفأ َ ُرونِي َم َاذا َخلَ َق الهذِينَ مِنْ دُونِ ِه‬ ِ ‫َٰ َه َذا َخ ْل ُق ه‬ ‫َب ِ ه‬ ‫ين‬ ‫اللالِ ُمونَ فِي َ َ ٍل ُم ِب ٍل‬ {11 ‫}لقمان‬ In the name of God Such is the creation of Allah: now show me what is there that others besides him have created: nay, but the transgressors are in manifest error. [Luqman 11]



Supervisors Declaration

We certify that this dissertation was prepared under our supervision at the University of Sulaimani in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Master of Science in animal production / Fish Production

Supervisor: Dr. Nasreen M. Abdulrahman

Signature: Date:

Department Chairman Declaration

In view of the available recommendation, I forward this dissertation for debate by the examining committee.

Name:

Signature:

Date:

Examination Committee Certification We (the examination committee) certify that we have read this thesis and as examining committee examined the student (Hawkar J. Hamad Amin AlKoye) in its contents and what is related to it and our opinion it meets the standing of a thesis for the Master Degree of Science in Fish Nutrition.

Signature:

Signature:

Name: Dr. Shmall M. A. Abdullah Name: Dr. Abdulmotalib J. Al-Rudainy Scientific grade: Professor Date:

/

Scientific grade: Assist. Professor

/ 2013

Date:

/

(Chairman)

/ 2013

(Member)

Signature:

Signature:

Name: Dr. Luay M. Abbas

Name: Dr. Nasreen M. Abdul - Rahman

Scientific grade: Professor

Scientific grade: Assist. Professor

Date:

/

/ 2013

Date:

(Member)

/

/ 2013

(Member and Supervisor)

Signature: Name: Dr. Sardar Y. T. Sardary Scientific grade: Assist. Professor Dean of the Agriculture College Date:

/

/ 2013

DEDICATION I dedicate this work to: My smart father My lovely mother My honest brother and sisters All my instructors and friends.

ACKNOWLEGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank God for his helping to complete this paper. I would like also to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor Dr. Nasreen Muhi alddin Abdlrahman for her patience, guidance, instructive suggestion and continuing encouragement. I would like to express special thanks to my Friend Hozan Jallil for helps in fish Laboratory, writing and analysis data and my friend Vian Muhammed for their support. I am also indebted to Karzan , Hersh , At’a , Azad, and all stuff in department of Animal production in Sulaimani University for them help and advice, and my great thanks to Mrs. Nuha AlMuffti and DR.Hazhaw for her guidance and support. I would like to thank my committee members for their very helpful insights, comments and suggestions for his input at my proposal meeting. Finally, I am very thankful to my wonderful family for their great assistance.

SUMMARY

Summery This study was carried out to study the effect of replacing fishmeal with different levels of the alga Spirulina spp. in fish laboratory of Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agricultural sciences of Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq, the actual experimental feeding trials durated for three months and the adaptation period for 21 day. Using 140 common carp fingerlings weight 35±2 gm, to test the effect of five different levels of the algae Spirulina spp. The control treatment T1 with 0% Spirulin as pp., (T2) replacing fishmeal with 5% Spirulina spp., (T3) replacing fishmeal with 10% Spirulina spp., (T4) replacing fishmeal with

15% Spirulinas pp. and (T5) replacing

fishmeal with 20% Spirulinaspp. Each treatments in four replicates in which 7 fingerlings common carp were stocked in each aquarium which fed the experimental diets twice daily. The actual experimental feeding trials durated for three months started at 7 June to the date 30 August mean twelve weeks. Results indicated that third treatment higher significant than other treatments in weight gain 16.593, Daily growth rate 0.198, Specific growth rate 48.964, Relative growth rate 0.205. No significant (P0.05) differences in moisture and dry matter between fish treatments fed 61

Pronifer, algae and yeast and the control tratment. These results agree with the findings of Oliva-Teles and Goncalves (2001). Also, Olvera-Novoa et al. (1998) and Kurdiekeri (2006) showed that the dietary algae had no significant effect on moisture content of the fish. From the results of Allam (2007) show that the fish tratments fed 5% algae had insignificant (P≤0.05) increase in total proteins. These findings confirm those reported that the muscle protein of red sea bream was increased as Ascophyllum meal supplementation increased, the role of algae on fat content are in full agreement with the finding reported that 5% dietary Ascophyllum meal had insignificant increase in muscle fat of red sea bream. Also, dietary macroalge led to significant (P0.05) difference . With regard to the Flavor 3.143, 3.143, 3.000, 3.000 and 2.857 to the T5, T1, T4, T3and T2 respectively, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences among the treatments compared to the control. The results were 3.000, 2.714, 2.714, 2.286 and 2.143 to the T5, T4, T3, T1 and T2 respectively, of complete acceptable there were no significant (P0.05) different among treatments. The white blood cell (WBC) in Table (10) presented 225.000, 223.550, 183.400, 177.350 and 175.200 for T3, T5, T4, T2 and T1respectively, T3 had significant (P≤0.05) different among treatments. The data regarded of

hemoglobin (HB) 126.500, 123.500, 122.500,

120.500 and 78.500 for the T5, T4, T1, T3 and T2 respectively, observed T5 higher than T4, T1 and T3 the results are closed to each other and had significant (P