of empagliflozin, another SGLT2 inhibitor [17], and reported that empagliflozin significantly reduced the all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates and the rate.
Shigiyama et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol (2017) 16:84 DOI 10.1186/s12933-017-0564-0
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
Cardiovascular Diabetology Open Access
Effectiveness of dapagliflozin on vascular endothelial function and glycemic control in patients with early‑stage type 2 diabetes mellitus: DEFENCE study Fumika Shigiyama1, Naoki Kumashiro1* , Masahiko Miyagi1, Kayoko Ikehara1, Eiichiro Kanda2,3, Hiroshi Uchino1 and Takahisa Hirose1
Abstract Background: Recent studies reported that sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors can potentially reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is little or no information on the therapeutic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the progression of atherosclerosis. This dapagliflozin effectiveness on vascular endothelial function and glycemic control (DEFENCE) study was designed to determine the effects of dapagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, on endothelial function in patients with early-stage T2DM. Methods: DEFENCE is a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint, parallel-group, comparative clinical trial. Between October 2015 and August 2016, 80 T2DM patients treated with 750 mg of metformin (hemoglobin A1c ≥6.0 and 7.0% showed significant improvement of FMD in the dapagliflozin group than metformin group (P
