diabetes: results of a prospective study based on the Whitehall Survey. .... S Lori Brown, Marcel E Salive, Tamara B Harris, Eleanor M Simonsick, Jack M ...
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(Accepted 22 Febrsary 1994)
Low cholesterol concentrations and severe depressive symptoms in elderly people S Lori Brown, Marcel E Salive, Tamara B Harris, Eleanor M Simonsick, Jack M Guralnik, Frank J Kohout
Epidemiology, Demography, and
Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA S Lori Brown, epidemiologist Marcel E Salive,
epidemiologist Tamara B Harris, chiefof geriatric epidemiology office Eleanor M Simonsick, epidemiologist Jack M Guralnik, chiefof epidemiology and demography
office College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Frank J Kohout, professor
Correspondence to: Dr S Lori Brown, Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, 7201 Winsconsin Ave, Suite 3C309, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. BMJ 1994;308:1328-32
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Abstract Objective-To investigate the reported association between low serum cholestrol concentration and severe depressive symptoms in an elderly population. Design-Cross sectional analysis of pooled data from three communities of the established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly. Participants who completed their interview, including the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies' depression scale and consented to measurement of their cholesterol concentration were included in the
older group of women. This association was also observed when depressive symptoms were analysed as a continuous rather than a categorical variable. In multivariate models that adjusted for age, self reported health, physical function, number of drugs used, and weight loss, the association was substantially weakened. Conclusions-After several factors relating to health had been controlled for, no significant association between low cholesterol concentration and severe depressive symptoms was found.
study. Subjects-3939 men and women aged ¢ 71. Methods.-X2 analysis, t tests, and multivariate
Introduction Although a high serum cholesterol concentration is a regression analysis of the association between low well established risk factor for heart disease,' an cholesterol concentration and severe depressive analysis of results of cholesterol lowering clinical trials symptoms. All analyses were stratified by sex, and has suggested that the benefits of reducing heart multivariate analyses were adjusted for age, self disease by reducing cholesterol concentration are offset reported health, physical function, number of drugs by an increase in deaths from external causes such as used, and weight loss. suicide, accidents, and murder.24 This increase Main outcome measure-Score of depressive in deaths from causes unrelated to illness occurred symptoms on the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies' regardless of whether the cholesterol lowering regimen was dietary or pharmacological, prompting the authors depression scale. Results-Depressive symptoms, cholesterol to suggest that lowering cholesterol concentration concentration, weight, and use of drugs were all might have neurochemical consequences. One explanassociated with age in men and women. The relative ation for this may be that lowering cholesterol concenodds of severe depressive symptoms (score ¢ 16) for tration causes changes in the cholesterol content of the those with low cholesterol concentrations (
