Eliciting personal network data in web surveys through ... - Hal

3 downloads 114 Views 723KB Size Report
Oct 26, 2012 - Social networks, personal networks, name generators, network visualizations ... surveys combine name generator questions, aiming to elicit the ...
Eliciting personal network data in web surveys through participant-generated sociograms Paola Tubaro, Antonio Casilli, Lise Mounier

To cite this version: Paola Tubaro, Antonio Casilli, Lise Mounier. Eliciting personal network data in web surveys through participant-generated sociograms. Pr´eprint de l’article accept´e pour publication dans Field Methods, vol. 26, n. 2, 2014. 2012.

HAL Id: hal-00745617 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00745617 Submitted on 26 Oct 2012

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destin´ee au d´epˆot et `a la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´es ou non, ´emanant des ´etablissements d’enseignement et de recherche fran¸cais ou ´etrangers, des laboratoires publics ou priv´es.

!"#$%&'()*'(+$,-..-'(/*(/*(0(1*(2&"3-4%(56789:(;.-(?4%,&3$.(34=@&%A(B$=$(-3(@4#(,"%C4D,(=E%&">E( ?$%=-434%$=4B(,&%$G,*(#$%&'!(%)*+','(6H(56:(5$(=&&.(=&(I$&-'(4! @$5;%!)*%!I$+5%%2$5J!:+2H!+8!%)! .5'! =AGY>_c! 2%R0$2%! I.2)$;$I.5),!)+!&$,)!.&)%2,3!)*%$2!.))2$10)%,3!.5'!)*%$2!)$%,!)+!+5%!.5+)*%23!.5'!)*%5!.II&7!.5!+I)$E$K$5J! .&J+2$)*E! )+! 2%5'%2! )*%! 5%):+2H! J2.I*! $5! R0.,$A2%.&! )$E%D! /*$,! .II2+.;*! *.,! )*%! .'6.5).J%! +8! I2+6$'$5J!R0$;H!8%%'1.;H!)+!I.2)$;$I.5),!17!,*+:$5J!)*%E!)*%!,*.I%!.5'!,)20;)02%!+8!)*%$2!5%):+2H,! .5'! I2+EI)$5J! )*%E! )+! E.H%! .'^0,)E%5),! 05)$&! )*%7! 8$5'! )*%! 2%,0&)! ,.)$,8.;)+27D! (;=.2)7! .5'! 9+6$5'.2.E.50^.E! OLUUiQ! ;&%.2&7! %NI&.$5! :*7! 2%,I+5'%5)! 102'%5! '%;&$5%,b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h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h! +:5! '2.:$5J,3! )*%2%17! +1).$5$5J! 2$;*! $58+2E.)$+5! +5! 1+)*! )*%! .;)0.&! .5'! I%2;%$6%'!,+;$.&!,022+05'$5J,!+8!2%,I+5'%5),!.,!$5!(;=.2)73!(+&$5.!%)!.&D!OLUU\QD!! !

34*!$%1.+! M.).! 8+2! )*$,! 2%,%.2;*! *.6%! 1%%5! ;+&&%;)%'! .,! I.2)! +8! )*%! I2+^%;)! SC5.AE$.! @+;$.1$&$)7b! .5! _5&$5%j_88&$5%! @+;$.&! >%):+2H,! CII2+.;*! )+! F.)$5J! M$,+2'%2,T! OC>C(GCQD! /*%! ,)0'7! .''2%,,%,! )*%! ;+5)2+6%2,$.&!:%1,$)%,3!1&+J,!.5'!+5&$5%!8+20E,!+8!I%2,+5,!:$)*!.5+2%N$.!5%26+,.3!10&$E$.!5%26+,.! OS.5.T!.5'!SE$.T!$5!:%1!I.2&.5;%Q!.5'!+)*%2!%.)$5J!'$,+2'%2,D!(%'$.!5.22.)$6%,!%EI*.,$K%!)*%!;&.$E! +8!,+E%!+8!)*%E!)*.)!.5+2%N$.!$,!.!&$8%,)7&%!;*+$;%!2.)*%2!)*.5!.!'$,%.,%3!.5'!)*%!'.5J%2!)*.)!)*%7! E$J*)! ;+5)2$10)%! )+! ,I2%.'$5J! .5'! E.$5)%5$5J! 05*%.&)*7! %.)$5J! I2.;)$;%,D! k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h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

!

i!

/*%! ,)0'7! :.,! ;+5'0;)%'! $5! )*%! #2%5;*! .5.AE$.! +5&$5%! ;+EE05$)7! $5! (.2;*A@%I)%E1%2! LU""3! +1).$5$5J!"aX!2%,I+5,%,[!.5'!$5!)*%!]2$)$,*!+5%!$5!>+6%E1%2!LU""!A!(.7!LU"L3!:$)*!"VZ!2%,I+5,%,D!! G5! 8+&&+:A0I! I*+5%! $5)%26$%:,3! :%! .,H%'! .! ,01A,.EI&%! +8! LL! #2%5;*! .5'! "i! ]2$)$,*! 2%,I+5'%5),! )+! ;+EE%5)!+5!)*%$2!,+;$+J2.E,3!)+!J.$5!'%%I%23!R0.&$).)$6%!$5,$J*)!$5)+!)*%$2!2%&.)$+5,*$I,D! ! !

"#$%&''!()%*+)*%$!,-!).$!,/'0/$!(*%#$1!! ]%;.0,%!*%.&)*!2$,H,!.5'!I+)%5)$.&!,+;$.&!,)$JE.!E.H%!+02!).2J%)!I+I0&.)$+5!,%5,$)$6%!.5'!'$88$;0&)!)+! 2%.;*3!:%!*.6%!2%&$%'!+5!I02I+,$6%!2.)*%2!)*.5!2%I2%,%5).)$6%!,.EI&$5JD!C!I2%&$E$5.27!%NI&+2.)$+5!+8! 2%&%6.5)! :%1,$)%,3! 8+20E,! .5'! 1&+J,! *.,! %5.1&%'! 0,! )*2+0J*! ,5+:1.&&$5J! )+! $'%5)$87! .! ,%)! +8! I+)%5)$.&! 2%,I+5'%5),D! /*%53! 2%,%.2;*! .,,$,).5),! +8! .5! .J%! ;&+,%2! )+! )*.)! +8! )*%! ).2J%)! I+I0&.)$+5! *.6%! $56$)%'! I.2)$;$I.)$+5! .5'! .;;+EI.5$%'! 2%,I+5'%5),3! :$)*! .! &.5J0.J%! .5'! ,)7&%! )*.)! ;+0&'! 1%! 05'%2,)++'! .5'! .II2%;$.)%'! 17! )*%ED! ?%;20$)E%5)! ,)2.)%J7! $,! ,I%;$8$;! )+! )*%! ,01,).5)$6%! $,,0%,! .''2%,,%'! *%2%3! )*+0J*3! .5'! :%! 1%&$%6%! +02! J2.I*$;.&! 5.E%! J%5%2.)+2! E%)*+'! ;.5! 1%! ,.8%&7! 2%I&$;.)%'!$5!,)0'$%,!)*.)!.'+I)!'$88%2%5)!,.EI&$5J!.II2+.;*%,D!! /*%!*+E%!I.J%!+8!)*%!+5&$5%!,026%7!12$%8&7!$&&0,)2.)%,!+02!2%,%.2;*!I2+^%;)!.5'!$56$)%,!I.2)$;$I.)$+5D! C! I.J%! SC1+0)T! I2+6$'%,! 1.;HJ2+05'! $58+2E.)$+53! :*$&%! S-.2)$;$I.)%T! +I%5,! )*%! .;)0.&! R0%,)$+55.$2%!$5)%28.;%D!?%,I+5'%5),!;.5!.;;%,,!$)!.8)%2!)*%7!;+58$2E!$58+2E%'!;+5,%5)!.5'!.J%3!$5! &$5%! :$)*! %)*$;.&! 2%R0$2%E%5),D! /*%7! )*%5! 6$%:! .! ,%)! +8! ,%6%5! ).1,D! #+02! +8! )*%,%! ).1,! I+$5)! )+! ,).5'.2'!E0&)$I&%A;*+$;%!+5&$5%!R0%,)$+55.$2%!,%;)$+5,!.1+0)3!2%,I%;)$6%&7b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c%! *.6%! $5;&0'%'! .E+5J! ;+5)2+&,! ):+! R0%,)$+5,! )+! J.0J%! )*%! ,$K%! +8! I%2,+5.&! 5%):+2H,! 12+.'&7! $5)%2I2%)%'3! .5'! ):+! 8+2! )*%! .6.$&.1$&$)7! +8! ,+;$.&! ,0II+2)! )*2+0J*! 5%):+2H! )$%,3! .,! I%2;%$6%'! 17! 2%,I+5'%5),! )*%E,%&6%,D! /*%! R0%,)$+5,! +5! 12+.'! I%2,+5.&! 5%):+2H,! .,H! I.2)$;$I.5),! )+! I2+6$'%! .! J&+1.&!%,)$E.)%!+8!)*%!50E1%2!+8!I%2,+5,!1%&+5J$5J!)+!,%6%2.&!2%&.)$+5.&!;.)%J+2$%,!`!I%+I&%!:*+E! )*%7!S).&H!)+3!.5'!$5)%2.;)!:$)*T3!2%,I%;)$6%&7!$5!)*%!:+2HI&.;%3!,;*++&3!8.E$&73!&%$,02%!;%5)2%3!.5'!+5! )*%!G5)%25%)3!$5!8+20E,!.5'!'$,;0,,$+5!J2+0I,3!1&+J,3!%E.$&3!(@>3!,+;$.&!5%):+2H,!O#.;%1++H3!4!'$!('0!#*!6255*.!20!#+!'!>'&%2(2>'0%!B6&-7!'!%*$%CD!E51*!.-%$!&*>&*$*0%!'5%*&$!'0.!('0!#*!7-&*! -&!5*$$!(5-$*!%-!*;-D!34*&*!('0!#*!%2*$!'0.!;&-1>$D!

! /*%!10))+5,!+5!)*%!2$J*)!,$'%!.&&+:!I.2)$;$I.5),!)+!%5)%2!.&)%2,!.5'!.22.5J%!)*%E!+5!)*%!).2J%)D!/*%! 0II%2A2$J*)!PlP!10))+5!$,!)+!$5;&0'%!.!5%:!I%2,+5D!c*%5!;&$;H$5J!+5!$)3!.!5%:!5+'%!$5!8+2E!+8!.!1&0%! ;$2;&%! .II%.2,3! .5'! )*%! I.2)$;$I.5)! $,! I2%,%5)%'! :$)*! .! :$5'+:! )*.)! .,H,! 1.,$;! $58+2E.)$+5! +5! )*$,! .&)%2b! 5.E%! O)+! 1%! $5,%2)%'! E.50.&&7Q3! J%5'%2! O)+! ;*++,%! 82+E! .! E%50Q3! .5'! )7I%! +8! 2%&.)$+5,*$I! O.&,+! )+! ;*++,%! 82+E! .! E%503! $5;&0'$5J! 1+782$%5'jJ$2&82$%5'3! I.2)5%23! 82$%5'3! 8.E$&7! E%E1%23! ,;*++&E.)%3!:+2H!;+&&%.J0%3!)0)+23!*%.&)*!I2+8%,,$+5.&3!+)*%2QD!G5'$;.)$+5!+8!)*%!)7I%!+8!)$%!$,!E%.5)! )+!2%$58+2;%!)*%!2%8%2%5;%!)+!;+5)%N),!I2+6$'%'!$5!J%5%2.&!$5,)20;)$+5,D!/*%!.II&%)!I&.;%,!%.;*!5%:! .&)%23!17!'%8.0&)3!.)!)*%!;%5)%2!1+))+E!+8!)*%!,;2%%53!.5'!)*%!I.2)$;$I.5)!;.5!E+6%!$)!17!,$EI&%!'2.JD! W%21.&3!$5!.''$)$+5!)+!^0,)!I+,$)$+5.&3!$5'$;.)$+5,!+8!'%J2%%!+8!;&+,%5%,,!.II%.2!:*%5!)*%!E+0,%!$,! *%&'! +6%2! )*%! .&)%2! 5+'%b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

!

Z!

;+EI+5%5)!,)2$;)&7!,I%.H$5Jb!$)!2.)*%2!2%I2%,%5),!.!;+5)%N)!+8!$5)%2.;)$+53!:*+,%!'%8$5$)$+5!$,!&%8)!)+! )*%!2%,I+5'%5)D!/*0,3!:%!.&&+:!J2+0I,!)+!+6%2&.I!.5'!)$%,!:$)*$5!+2!1%):%%5!J2+0I,!)+!1%!'2.:5D! #$J02%! "! $,! 82+E! .! )%,)! .5'! $&&0,)2.)%,! .! I+,,$1&%! +0);+E%D! c*%5! I.2)$;$I.5),! ;&$;H! )*%! 10))+5! SGgE! '+5%T! OP/%2E$5mP! $5! )*%! #2%5;*! 6%2,$+5Q3! )*%! ,7,)%E! 2%;+2',! )*%$2! .5,:%2,! .5'! E+6%,! )+! )*%! 5%N)! ,;2%%5D!/*%!$58+2E.)$+5!2%)2$%6%'!$5;&0'%,!.&)%2,g!5.E%,3!J%5'%23!)7I%!+8!2%&.)$+5,*$I!)+!%J+3!'%J2%%! +8!;&+,%5%,,!)+!%J+3!)$%,!1%):%%5!.&)%2,!.5'!J2+0I!;+EI+,$)$+53!.5'!$,!,.6%'!$5!)*2%%!8+2E.),b!DNE&! O,+02;%!8$&%Q3!D;,6!O8+2!0,%!:$)*!,).5'.2'!'.).!.5.&7,$,!,+8):.2%Q!.5'!D^I%J!O.!,;2%%5,*+)!+8!)*%!$E.J%! '2.:5!17!)*%!I.2)$;$I.5)QD! !

;.$!(*33,%)!/$)8,%:
F*$(&2>%2-0!-6!&*$15%$! -2%'$;).1&7! J$6%5! )*%! :%&&AH5+:5! J%5'%2! 1$.,! +8! %.)$5J! '$,+2'%2,3! .5! +6%2:*%&E$5J! E.^+2$)7! +8! 2%,I+5'%5),!.2%!:+E%5D!/*%7!.2%!LL!7%.2,!+&'!+5!.6%2.J%!.5'!.1+0)!Lja!+8!)*%E!.2%!,)0'%5),D!C,! %NI%;)%'3!E+,)!+8!)*%E!.2%!*%.67!G5)%25%)!0,%2,3!:$)*!XUn!1%$5J!;+55%;)%'!E+2%!)*.5!"i!*+02,!.! :%%HD! C1+0)! dUn! 2%I+2)! ,+E%! %.)$5J! '$,+2'%2D! /*+,%! .E+5J! )*%E! :*+! :%2%! .&,+! $5)%26$%:%'! $5'$;.)%!)*.)!$)!)++H!LUAaU!E$50)%,!)+!;+EI&%)%!)*%!+5&$5%!,026%7D! !

!

d!

! @2;1&*!G9!'!$'7>5*!-6!;&'>42('5!>*&$-0'5!0*%,-&8$!'$!.&',0!#+!&*$>-0.*0%$D!

! /*%!I%2,+5.&!5%):+2H,!+8!+02!2%,I+5'%5),!O.!,01,%)!+8!:*$;*!$,!2%I2%,%5)%'!$5!#$J02%!LQ!.2%!,E.&&$,*3! :$)*!.5!+88&$5%!.6%2.J%!,$K%!+8!""Di!8+2!#2.5;%!.5'!dDX!8+2!)*%!4Y3!.5'!.5!+5&$5%!.6%2.J%!+8!\Da!8+2! #2.5;%!.5'!XDL!8+2!)*%!4Y[!Zn!+8!.&&!.&)%2,!.2%!5.E%'!1+)*!+88&$5%!.5'!+5&$5%D!/*%!,$K%!+8!I%2,+5.&! 5%):+2H,! %&$;$)%'! :$)*! 5.E%! J%5%2.)+2,! $,! ,)2+5J&7! '%I%5'%5)! +5! )*%! ,I%;$8$;! R0%,)$+5! .,H%'! O]%25.2'! %)! .&D! "ddUQ3! .5'! +02! 8+;0,! +5! 2%&.)$+5,*$I,! )*.)! .2%! PE+2%! )*.5! ^0,)! ,.7$5J! *.&&+P! +6%2! .! '%&$E$)%'! )$E%! I%2$+'! )%5',! )+! 2%,)2$;)! ;*+$;%! )+! ,$J5$8$;.5)! .&)%2,D! /*0,3! ;+EI.2$5J! )*%! ,$K%! +8! +02! 5%):+2H,!)+!)*%!,$K%!+8!5%):+2H,!%&$;$)%'!:$)*!,$E$&.2!5.E%!J%5%2.)+2,3!.,!,0EE.2$K%'!$5!]%25.2'!%)! .&D! O"ddUb! "ZZQ! .5'! $5! ]$'.2)! .5'! =*.21+55%.0! OLU""b! LZ"Q3! $5'$;.)%,! )*.)! )*%7! .2%! 12+.'&7! $5! &$5%3! .&)*+0J*! )*%,%! I2%6$+0,! ,)0'$%,! '$'! 5+)! '$,)$5J0$,*! 1%):%%5! +5&$5%! .5'! +88&$5%! )$%,D! G)! 8+&&+:,! )*.)! 2%&.)$6%! )+! $5)%26$%:%2A.,,$,)%'! E%)*+',3! +02! ,%&8A.'E$5$,)%2%'! $5,)20E%5)! '+%,! 5+)! ,7,)%E.)$;.&&7! $5'0;%!05'%22%I+2)$5J!+8!.&)%2,D! G)!E.7!,%%E!,02I2$,$5J3!)*+0J*3!)*.)!+02!J2.I*$;.&&7!'2.:5!+5&$5%!5%):+2H,!.2%!,E.&&%2!)*.5!+88&$5%! +5%,3! :*$&%! 2%,I+5'%5),h! J&+1.&! %,)$E.)%,! +8! 5%):+2H! ,$K%! .2%! *$J*%2! 8+2! +5&$5%! )*.5! 8+2! +88&$5%! 5%):+2H,D!G5,$J*)!82+E!$5)%26$%:,!,0JJ%,),!)*.)!)*$,!$,!'0%!)+!,+E%!2%,I+5'%5),!;+05)$5J!.&&!+8!)*%$2! +5&$5%! ;+5).;),! $5! )*%$2! J&+1.&! %,)$E.)%3! 10)! )*%5! $5)%2I2%)$5J! )*%! ,%;+5'! O+5&$5%Q! J2.I*$;.&! 5.E%! J%5%2.)+2! +5&7! .,! .! ?%&G?=! `.! 2%R0%,)! )+! )*$5H! .J.$5! .1+0)! )*%$2! 2%&.)$+5,*$I,! :$)*! 8+;0,! +5! )*%$2! ;+EI0)%2AE%'$.)%'! ,+;$.&! ;+5)%N),! +8! $5)%2.;)$+5D! C,! .! 2%,0&)3! )*%7! *.6%! 5.E%'! .&)%2,! )*%7! E%%)! E+,)&7! +5! )*%! c%13! &%.6$5J! +0)! +88&$5%! ;+5).;),! :$)*! :*+E! )*%7! *.6%! E$5$E.&3! )*+0J*! 5+)! 50&&3! ;+EI0)%2AE%'$.)%'!$5)%2.;)$+5,!O8+2!%N.EI&%3!,;*++&E.)%,!:*+!.2%!.&,+!#.;%1++H!82$%5',3!10)!:$)*! :*+E!;+EE05$;.)$+5!+;;02,!E.$5&7!.)!,;*++&QD!

!

"U!

C,! %NI%;)%'! 82+E! ,026%7! '%,$J53! ,0II+2)! 5%):+2H,! %&$;$)%'! )*2+0J*! ,;%5.2$+! R0%,)$+5,! .2%! ,E.&&%2! )*.5!12+.'%2!I%2,+5.&!5%):+2H,b!8+2!E.^+2!*%.&)*!I2+1&%E,3!aDd!.5'!aD\!2%,I%;)$6%&7!8+2!#2.5;%!.5'! 4Y3! :*$&%! )*%! ;+22%,I+5'$5J! .6%2.J%,! 8+2! E$5+2! $,,0%,! .2%! LDd! .5'! aDLD! G5)%2%,)$5J&7! %5+0J*3! 2%,I+5'%5),h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i!+5&$5%[!.5'!)*%2%!.2%! .1+0)!LAa!;&$R0%,!I%2!5%):+2HD!c*$&%!)*$,!E.7!,0JJ%,)!05'%22%I+2)$5J!+8!,)20;)02.&!$58+2E.)$+5!.,! '$,;0,,%'! $5! (;=.2)7! .5'! 9+6$5'.2.E.50^.E! OLUUiQ3! +02! 2%,I+5'%5),! *.6%! .&,+! %N)%5,$6%&7! 0,%'! )*%! J2+0I$5J! 10))+5! +8! )*%! J2.I*$;.&! $5)%28.;%! O,)20;)02.&&7! E%.5$5J80&! 10)! 5+)! $5;&0'%'! $5! '%5,$)7! .5'! ;&$R0%A;+05)! ;.&;0&.)$+5,Q! )+! 105'&%! )+J%)*%2! .&)%2,! :*+! ,*.2%! .! J$6%5! ;+5)%N)! +8! $5)%2.;)$+5b! .1+0)!VUn!+8!.&)%2,!:%2%!$5;&0'%'!$5!,0;*!J2+0I,D!o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`+5&$5%!,+;$.&!5%):+2Hb! G! .E! 5+:! J+$5J! )+! 5.E%! E7! G5)%25%)! ;+5).;),D! /*%,%! .2%! I%+I&%! :*+E! G! *.6%! ).&H%'! )+! .5'j+2! $5)%2.;)%'!:$)*!$5!)*%!&.,)!,$N!E+5)*,3!.5'!:*+E!G!$5)%2.;)!:$)*3!8+2!%N.EI&%3!+5!'$,;0,,$+5!8+20E,3! 1&+J,3! %E.$&3! (@>3! .5'! ,+;$.&! 5%):+2H,! O#.;%1++H3! .E%!J%5%2.)+2!`,0II+2)!5%):+2H,b! OG$..(

Suggest Documents