Embedded System Development. Java vs. C++ - ICPC

Embedded Software

Embedded System Development. Java vs. C++ Dr.-Ing. Ingo Elsen, Dr. rer. nat. Hans-Jürgen Habrock, Dipl.-Ing. Detlev Uhlenbrock

T-Systems International Systems Integration

T-Systems, Embedded System Development

17.11.2008

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Embedded System Development. Agenda.



Software Development at T-Systems The Best Language for Embedded System Development?







Java for Embedded Systems – Pro/Contra C++ for Embedded Systems – Pro/Contra

Volere – Requirements and Constraints that drive the decision Example – Embedded Application with a large user base











Embedded Software

Requirements
Basic function cores
Application Speed, Size etc. Cost Drivers Candidates to improve performance and reduce cost

The decision, its impacts and its outcome Examples for Code migration Summary and Conclusion

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T-Systems Systems Integration International Delivery Network.

We serve our customers all over the world.

Embedded Software Points of Production

Points of Delivery

Brazil

Argentina

Hungary

Austria

Russia

Brazil China Czech Rep. France Hungary Iberia (ES/PT) Italy Japan Mexico Nordic (DK/SE)

Point of Delivery P&D

Russia Auto Services P&H Finance Telco Horizontal Point of Production

ADSF

Singapore South Africa Switzerland UK

ADSF ADF ASF TF SF

ADF ASF TF SF

USA





Concentration of industry know-how within P&D Industrialization of production within ADSF

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Structure of T-Systems Systems.

Integration Delivery Portfolio.

Embedded Software

Industries




Automotive Aerospace /Defense /Security Other Discrete Manufacture Industry Telecommunication Travel, Transport & Logistics Finance Public Healthcare




Horizontals










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T-Systems Systems Integration. Industrialized Software Development.

Embedded Software

Project Management (PM Book) Software-Engineering (SE Book) Project Model

Sales (Sales Book)

Requirement Specification Analyses

System Design

Programming

Integration

Rollout

ALM (SM Book)

Configuration Management Quality Assurance Software Development Environment Reengineering

Generators

System Landscapes

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Embedded System Development. The Best Language for Embedded System Development.

Is Yo ung, Is M

odern

e her w y ver E s Run

Real Object Oriented

y Eas

Lot o fO

erything v E t e g You

Safe d n a oved r P It’s Rule the

are Coo l

Co mp lex La ng ua ge

ool

ls, Tools, … Tools, Too n ear L to

If You K now th e Lang uage – You

Object Oriented Is C

Embedded Software

Old but Heavy Hardw ar

e

pen S ource

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Embedded System Development. Java for Embedded Systems.

Embedded Software

Contra

PRO












Huge knowledge base Large number of frameworks and open source code available. XML, Networking, Security and more are part of Java standard edition Write once, run everywhere Available Java optimized hardware (Java Microcontroller, J-J-Control, …) Component based design with frameworks (e.g. OSGI etc.) Fast prototyping capability Easy maintenance of Java based applications Large number of development tools also for testing, documentation and codecode-review JME (Micro Edition) for embedded system development. …













Must have operation system (OS) Overhead for memory and microprocessor
VM
Hardware abstraction layer Possible code optimization only with special compiler, no machine code No prediction of the runtime behavior except for RealReal-Time VMs based on RTSJ Specification OS specific middleware for hardware integration needed No direct access to hardware or OS functionality Difficulty in source code protection (Reengineering) …

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Embedded System Development. C++ for Embedded Systems.

Embedded Software

Contra

PRO














Huge knowledge base Large number of frameworks and open source code available. Generating of native machine code C/C++ based operating systems No need for special hardware or runtime environments (VM etc.) Support for virtually every microcontroller Component based design with frameworks Fast and small systems RealReal-time capability Large number of development tools also for Testing, Documentation and CodeCode-Review Direct hardware access Possible hardware and software code protection …









Complex debugging (e.g. Pointer) Complexity of language can lead to code that is difficult to understand Not enough free or open tools Not platform independent Different compiler behavior (e.g. MS, Intel, gcc, gcc, Portland) …

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Embedded Software

Java vs. C++ Example for an Embedded Development.

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Embedded System Development. Volere – Requirements and Constraints that drive the decision

Embedded Software

Customer

Concept Phase

Specification Phase










Design Phase

Build Phase

Business Case Feature List Wishes and Ideas Business Requirements 1. Level System Requirements 1. Level System Architecture Constraints

Integration Phase

Test Phase

Target Costs

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Embedded System Development. Basic Requirements and Constrains.


Limited CPU performance







Limited Space and Weight Prototypes, Small number of Units, Mass-Products

Software Update






E.g. RS-232, USB, SPI, CAN, LCD, ADC/DAC, GPIO, SD-Card

Limited Cost





CPU

Small Size





Power Consumption Microcontroller vs. FPGA

Small memory footprint (RAM, ROM, Flash etc.) Defined Hardware Interfaces





Embedded Software

Special Processes, Methods (e.g. SD-Card, USB) Component Update or Complete Update

Environment Constrains



Thermal, Size, Robustness, Usability Size and Type of HMI (e.g. LCD, Keyboard)

Source: www.atmel.com

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Embedded System Development. Example - Embedded Application with a Large User Base. Introduction and Requirements.

Embedded Software

Example Road Charge System


Embedded system unit for road charging






Large number of units Very reasonable price

Essential Use Cases








Determine GPS position Map geogeo-position to geogeo-object (e.g. roads) Calculate the road charge Communication via GPRS/GSM/UMTS with central system Transfer road charge data to central system for billing Update data for road charge models and maps Software update

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Embedded System Development. Development Process .

Embedded Software

Error and Changes

Specification Software Debugging

Unit Test

Implementation

Code Code Documentation Review

Components Test

Delivery

Integration Acceptance & Test Test

Hardware Debugging

Embedded System

T-Systems, Embedded System Development

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Embedded System Development. Development Process (Specification). Structure diagrams






Class diagram Component diagram Composite structure diagram Object diagram Deployment diagram

Behavior diagrams




Activity diagram State diagram Use case diagram

Embedded Software

UML Models

Enterprise Architect

Documentation

Specification

Interaction diagrams





Communication diagram Interaction overview diagram Sequence diagram Timing diagrams

MS Office Requirements









Business Requirements Customer Requirements System Requirements Functional Requirements Performance Requirements Design Requirements Derived Requirements Allocated Requirements

Requirements

DOORS

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Embedded System Development. Dynamic Model View.

Embedded Software

Error & Changes

Classic Process Specification
Implementation
Code and binaries test and verification


Specification

Implementation

Error & Changes

Error & Changes

Specification

Test Verification

Test Verification

Implementation

Test Verification

Model Driven Process
Specification
Model test and verification
Implementation
Code and binaries test and verification

Dynamic Model Test and Verification Test & Verification

Use Cases UML Model

OCL Expressions OCL Constraints

Dynamic Model

T-Systems, Embedded System Development

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Embedded System Development. Development Process – Java (Implementation).

Embedded Software

Java IDE

Specification

Java IDE








Source Code

Editor Compiler Debugger Make, Build Unit Test Code Documentation Code Review

Byte Code Software Debugging

Version and Configuration Management System

Debugger Environment Java VM

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Embedded System Development. Development Process – C++ (Implementation).

Embedded Software

C/C++ IDE

Specification

C/C++ IDE









Editor Compiler, Cross-Compiler Linker Debugger, Remote Debugger Make, Build Unit Test Code Documentation Code Review

Source Code

Software Debugging

Version and Configuration Management System

Hardware Remote Debugging

Binaries

Software Simulator

Hardware Simulator

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Embedded System Development. Development Process – C++ (Software Remote Debugging).

Linux (Reference Platform)

Windows XP

Source

Embedded Software

Application [C++]

IDE C++

Eclipse

API & Hardware Simulation Ethernet gdb – Debugger (Client) Debugging Environment

(TCP/IP)

Simulation Database

gdb – Remote Debugger (Server) Runtime Environment

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Embedded System Development. Development Process – C++ (Daily Build Process).


Preparation













Update source code and test data repository Build binaries (Compile and link all sources)

SVN Update

Verification of methods (Unit Test) Verification of Unit Test coverage (LCov) Low level use case and component test (Module Test) Generation of source code documentation (Doxygen) Code review (PCLint) Source code metrics and quality analysis (RSM)

Create reports





Linux Script

Performing test, review and verification processes





Embedded Software

Build Binaries Perform Unit Test

Perform LCov

Perform Module Test

Evaluate, analyze report and results

Performing source code modification and error correction



Reports

Code modification and documentation Code error correction and documentation

Perform Doxygen

Perform PCLint

Perform RSM

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Embedded System Development. Cost Drivers - Candidates to Reduce Cost.

ARM9

CPU

ARM7

256MB

RAM

128MB

512MB

ROM

256MB

VM + JNI

VM

X

Framework

OSGI

X

400Mhz

Embedded Software

200Mhz

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Embedded System Development. The decision, its impacts and its outcome. 10€

15€

Operating System

Virtual Machine

Framework

Embedded Software

Contribution = 50€/Unit

10€

15€

Required Memory

Required CPU

Embedded System

Concept Phase Development

10€ Operating System






Software development with C++ Development of the framework Use of Linux operating system Smaller memory footprint

10€

Required Memory

Required CPU

Contribution = 25€/Unit

Outcome

Impacts

Decision


Framework

5€






Higher development costs Complex test and debugging Additional software simulations






Binaries with small memory footprint IP for framework and application Very reasonable price for the complete embedded system

T-Systems, Embedded System Development

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Embedded System Development. Example: C++ Code Base – Code and Data Share. C++ Source Code and Data Total 640 MByte





Embedded Software

Embedded System Binaries Total 157 MByte

Without management data (PM/SE) Without miscellaneous code and data (e.g. simulation, scripts)

T-Systems, Embedded System Development

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Embedded System Development. Examples for Code migration.

Embedded Software Road Charge Application
Pricing models
User Interface (HMI)
Road charge calculation

Application [C++]

Services for Application
Security
Geo-mapping
Diagnosis
Navigation
Communication
Update

Framework [C++]

Drivers

e.g. Windows, Linux, VxWorks, QNX

Operating System

e.g. Windows, Linux, VxWorks, QNX

Operating System

SIM




SD-Card

IRM

µWM

GSM

LCD

GPS

SIM

SD-Card

IRM

µWM

GSM

Key

LCD

GPS

Application Program Interface

Embedded Hardware

Embedded Hardware

Key

Drivers

API [C++] Hardware Abstraction Layer

T-Systems, Embedded System Development

Hardware and OS independent access to hardware modules, drivers and OS

Hardware Modules


Customer specific modules

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Embedded System Development. Summary and Conclusion.


Embedded Software

Java vs. C++


No winner – chose the one that fulfills customers needs in the best way One size doesn’t fit all Do not chose your tools, architectures and designs by reflex The system domain determines the best fit, that includes more than software, even more than hardware Cost Share per Unit Learn something about programming, how to choose the best fitting technology Focused on technology issues but rarely considering things like maintainability and total costs







140 120 100




% (C++ = 100%)

80

Hardware

110

88

60

Development

40 20

12

11

0

Java

C++

Development Concept

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Embedded Software

Thank You… Dr.-Ing. Ingo Elsen, Dr. rer. nat. Hans-Jürgen Habrock, Dipl.-Ing. Detlev Uhlenbrock [email protected]

ADF ISS ES

T-Systems, Embedded System Development

17.11.2008

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Imprint Embedded Software




Visit us at http://www.t-systems.com




Copyright © 2008 by T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH. All rights reserved, also those regarding the reprint in extracts, the reproduction/copying (including microfiche and electronic reproduction) as well as the evaluation by data banks or similar systems.

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Embedded System Development. Services, IPC & Software Update – C++.

Embedded Software

Update Process

Middleware


Provides communication function for


Data exchange




Data object exchange




Message queue

Provides status information about services


Start, running, stop

Application as services

API

…

Service n

Service 3

…

Service 2

Middleware

Service 1







Service n




Service 3




Service 2




Service 1




Stop service Kill service process Copy new service executable Execute new service Service connects to middleware Start service

Drivers




e.g. Embedded Windows, Linux, VxWorks, QNX

Operating System




Execution of services as single applications




Use of API function to access the operating system and hardware




Use of middleware to communicate with other services

API


Embedded Hardware

T-Systems, Embedded System Development

Provides function to access the operating system and hardware

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