Energy-Efficient Communication Protocols Carla F. Chiasserini
Pavan Nuggehalli
Vikram Srinivasan
Dip. di Elettronica Politecnico di Torino C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino, Italy
Dept. of ECE UCSD 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093
Dept. of ECE UCSD 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
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