Energy intake, energy expenditure, and body composition of poor rural Philippine women throughout the first 6 mo of lactation13. M Antonia. Guillermo-Tuazon,.
Energy intake, energy expenditure, and body of poor rural Philippine women throughout the first 6 mo of lactation13 M Antonia
Guillermo-Tuazon,
ABSTRACI’ and
Between
body-fat
mass
kcal/d;
kcal/d)
I ± SD)
at 30 wk.
30 wk postpartum, rural,
metabolic
women
MJ/d
(BMR)
(2073
remained
physical-activity
level
van
in-
Raaij,
Australia tral
respectively. ± 2.05 Mi/d
± 2.37
rate
and
MA
weight
Filipino
0.7 kg (P < 0.05), (NS) from 8.84
lactation,
Joop
body
lactating
at 6 wk to 8.67
Basal
throughout
VC Barba,
and
( 1 6-
America
sistently
shown
and 8.4 Mi/d few observed
Z scores
ofthe
between
breast-fed
tational mended
0 and
infants
performance, energy intakes
Filipino
women
who
-
the
show
growth
patterns
reports kcal/d)
from (9-1
intake,
basal
energy
balance
metabolism,
body
composition,
UNU
Expert
Council of2.
Consultation
(NRC)
1 MJ/d
that 3-4 spectively, trition
for defining
(1)
(2) recommend
(500
kcal/d)
and
Research
dietary
US
al-
National
Research
energy
allowance
an additional
for the first 6 mo oflactation,
Institute
(FNRI)
in
the
Philippines,
reNu-
(for
activity),
state which
Mi/d (1900 kcal/d) (3). By comparison, of the nonpregnant-nonlactating NRC 58-63
kg; light (2200
kcal/d)
to moderate
a body
weight
to be 7.95
the energy requirement reference woman (body activity)
is assumed
to be
(2).
However, studies on food intake affluent societies of North America 874
is estimated
of lactating (4-8), Europe Ai;i
lower
24-27)
observed
are often
in energy
Filipino
intake
women
life.
Subjects
and
7.5
studies a recurring the methodology
fat-mass
losses
substantially
smaller
over (4-28,
the
first
30) than
and
mobilization
of lactation eg, by less
metabolism to understand
cope
with
of maternal
fat re-
may be met by a reduction physical activity (14, 3 1 , 32) efficiency (1 2, 14, 1 5, 33, how poor but healthy
the
energy
stress
in San
Pablo
City
oflactation
in
methods
area and subjects
The of
or between
(20, 21, 23), and only a 9.2 MJ/d (2000 and 2200
2-4-kg-fat mobilization used in the calculation of It has been suggested that, in addition to the
everyday
Study
Mi/d (2600 showed in-
study
Laguna.
Manila
was San
and
earned Pablo
covers
out City
an area
lies
90
of 1 955
km
km2.
in the
province
south-southwest
There
of
are 80 barangays
which
nonpregnant-nonlactating
Mi/d
Furthermore,
serves, part of the cost in energy expenditure,
provided reserves, Food and
ment
moderate
( 1 9, 22,
and 2000 kcal/d) between 8.4 and
energy activity,
suggests that woman (aged 20above the require-
9.20
kcal/d)
( 1 800
(1800 intakes
performance, physical
FAO/WHO/UNU recommendation, parturition, a lactating Filipino an extra 2. 1 Mild (500 kcal/d)
weight
Mi/d
energy intakes > 10.9 less-affluent countries
the supposed recommendations.
adopted the for I y after 39 y) requires in the
Most studies on well-nourished intakes between 7.5 and 9.2 Mu
perfor-
kg (1) or 2-3 kg (2) of maternal-body-fat will be utilized over this period. The
of 49 kg and
amounts. reported
lactational
recommended
the
is considerably
(29).
rural responsible
con-
consumed
have
6 mo oflactation
(RDAs) have reasoned that there should be a substantial in energy intake during lactation. The FAO/WHO/
of Cenhave
the energy
or by an enhanced energy 34). This study was done
Authorities
(23-28),
used
Introduction
lowances increase
countries
Asia
recomhealthy
adequate
kcal/d)
of lac-
that present too high for
lactational
and
(26, 28). Note, however, that in these is the validity of the data considering
for adequacy
1992;56:874-80.
Lactation,
less-affluent
(22),
Britain revealed 1). Reports from
7.5