netics, Ministry, Hangzhou, China; bInternational Peace Maternity and Child ... OBJECTIVE: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been reported to present in.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 20 adult men who reported smoking only cigarettes, referred to the Human Reproduction Section of the Sao Paulo Federal University for andrological evaluation. Twenty adult men without semen alterations were included as controls. Men with confounding factors of male infertility and those reporting fever in the 90 days preceding semen collection were excluded. Semen was collected and analyzed as per the WHO 2010 guidelines. DNA fragmentation was assessed using an alkaline Comet assay, classified as grade I (no DNA fragmentation) to class IV (high DNA fragmentation); mitochondrial activity was analyzed by a reagent which stains only active mitochondria (3,3’-diaminobenzidine [DAB]), and classified as DAB I (all mitochondria active) to DAB IV (all inactive); and acrosome integrity was evaluated by a fluorescent stain (PNA-FITC). The seminal plasma was used to assess oxidative stress by TBARS quantification and for label-free quantitative proteomics, performed by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Groups were compared using a Student’s T-test (p
