Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea ...

Zootaxa 2694: 43–56 (2010) www.mapress.com / zootaxa/

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

Article

Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press

ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)

Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) from fruit trees in Northeastern Brazil—a new genus, three new species and a redescription ALEUNY C. REIS1,5, MANOEL G. C. GONDIM JR.1,2, DENISE NÁVIA3 & CARLOS H. W. FLECHTMANN4 1 Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE. Departamento de Agronomia. Área de Fitossanidade. 52171-900, Recife. PE, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] 3 Laboratório de Quarentena Vegetal, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, C. Postal 02372, 70.770-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 CNPq-Brazil-Researcher, Universidade de São Paulo – ESALQ. Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia,C. Postal 9, 13418-900 Piracicaba. SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Corresponding author

Abstract A new genus and two new species of eriophyoid mites in the family Diptilomiopidae associated with Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae), namely Solivagus n. gen. alpha n. sp. and Davisella spondias n. sp., are described. In addition, a new species of Eriophyidae associated with Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae), namely Dichopelmus ibapitanga n. sp., is described and Aculus pitangae Boczek & Davis, also from E. uniflora, is redescribed including a description of the male, and its classification is discussed. All material studied was collected in the State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Key words: Eriophyidae, Diptilomiopidae, Spondias mombin, Eugenia uniflora, taxonomy, new genus, new species, Neotropical

Introduction A high diversity of native and exotic fruit trees is cultivated in Northeastern Brazil largely due to a wide range of tropical climates between the coastal and inland areas. Two fruit trees generally cultivated in this area are Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae), commonly known as cajá-mirim or yellow mombin, and Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae), commonly known as pitanga and Surinam, Brazilian or Cayenne cherry. Spondias mombin is native to the tropical Americas and occurs naturally in the moist lowland forests of the Amazon in South America, and in Southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. In Brazil, this large deciduous tree, is mainly distributed in the northern and northeastern States. Yellow mombin fruit is often used to prepare juice, ice cream and jelly (Souza 2000). So far, no eriophyoid mite species have been described or reported from S. mombin. Four species are, however, known from other Spondias species in Asia (India and Thailand). They were described from Spondias mangifera Willd., Spondias bipinnata Airy-Shaw & Forman and Spondias cytherea Sonn., and belong to the genera Diptilomiopus Nalepa, 1916, Tegolophus Keifer, 1961 and Vasates Shimer, 1869 (de Lillo & Amrine 2006). Eugenia uniflora, a large shrub or small tree up to 10 metres tall (Gomes 1975) and native to Brazil, is disseminated largely throughout the country (Bezerra et al. 2000). Its fruit is eaten in natura or used to prepare juice, ice cream, jelly, liqueur and wine (Bezerra et al. 2000). Four eriophyoid species are known from E. uniflora: Aculops eugeniae Keifer, 1977 from Florida, USA; Aculus pitangae Boczek & Davis, 1984, Calacarus kleithria Flechtmann, 2003 and Diptilostatus nudipalpus Flechtmann, 2003 (Flechtmann and de Moraes 2003) from Southeastern Brazil.

Accepted by D.K. Knihinicki: 12 Nov. 2010; published: 2 Dec. 2010

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Two new species of Diptilomiopidae are here described—a new genus and species of the sub-family Rhyncaphytoptinae and a new species of Davisella, Amrine, Stasny & Flechtmann, 2003 from S. mombin. In addition, a new species of Dichopelmus Keifer, 1959 species (Eriophyidae) is described from E. uniflora. Aculus pitangae previously known from E. uniflora, is redescribed and includes a description of the male, comments on supplementary morphological characters and a short discussion about its current classification.

Material and methods Mites were collected from leaf samples by hand using direct examination under a dissecting stereomicroscope and mounted in modified Berlese medium (Amrine & Manson 1996). Slide-mounted specimens were studied using a research microscope with phase-contrast. Terminology and classification follows Amrine et al. (2003). Measurements are given in micrometers (µm) and, unless stated otherwise, refer to the length of the structure. In the description of the female, each measurement of the holotype precedes the corresponding range for the paratypes. Some measurements of the holotype or paratypes could not be taken because of the positions in which they were mounted. The count of ventral opisthosomal annuli started from the first full annulus behind the genitalia. Dorsal opisthosomal annuli were counted from the first full annulus behind the middle of the prodorsal shield rear margin. When the length of the cheliceral stylets was not presented, that means it was not possible to measure since these were in a bundle with other gnathosomal structures. Female internal apodemes were not clearly seen. Micrographs were obtained using a digital system consisting of a microscope with phase-contrast (Nikon Eclipse 80i or Olympus BX51) connected to a digital camera (Nikon DS-Fil with DS-L2 or Olympus America INC OLY200) which was in turn connected to a computer with appropriate software.

Taxonomy Solivagus Reis & Navia, n. gen. Diptilomiopidae, Rhyncaphytoptinae (Figs. 1–2) Diagnosis. Solivagus n. gen. is a Rhyncaphytoptinae genus with coxal seta I (1b) absent; prodorsal shield with scapular setae (sc) absent, however, scapular tubercles present, minute, with longitudinal bases and near rear shield margin; tibial seta (l’) on leg I present; genual setae (l’’) absent in leg II and femoral seta (bv) absent on legs I and II. This new genus is near Sakthirhynchus Umapathy & Mohanasundaram, 1999; Chakrabartiella Amrine & Stasny, 1994 and Hyborhinus Mohanasundaram, 1986 of the Rhyncaphytoptinae in the absence of coxal seta I (1b). However, it differs from these genera especially in the chaetotaxy of the legs and prodorsal shield. It varies from Sakthirhynchus in the presence of genual seta (l’’) and tibial seta (l’) on leg I and prodorsal shield tubercles, all absent in Sakthirhynchus; from Chakrabartiella in the absence of genual seta (l’’) on leg II and of scapular setae (sc), both present in Chakrabartiella; and from Hyborhinus, in the absence of femoral seta (bv) on legs I and II, genual seta (l’’) on leg II and of scapular seta (sc), all present in Hyborhinus. Type species. Solivagus alpha n. sp. Etymology. The generic name, Solivagus, is derived from the Latin words solus or solitarius, which means alone or solitary and the Latin word vagus, which means wandering, and refers to the vagrant habit of the mite. Gender: masculine.

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· Zootaxa 2694 © 2010 Magnolia Press

REIS ET AL.

FIGURE 1. Solivagus alpha n. gen., n. sp. – CGM. Coxigenital region, male; D. dorsal habitus, female; em. empodium, leg I, female; GF. genitalia, female; LM. lateral habitus, female; LO. lateral opisthosoma view of anterior section of mite; L1. leg I, female; L2. leg II, female; V. ventral habitus, female.

ERIOPHYOID MITES FROM FRUIT TREES IN BRAZIL

Zootaxa 2694 © 2010 Magnolia Press ·

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FIGURE 2. Solivagus alpha n. gen., n. sp. A. dorsal habitus, female; B. ventral habitus, female; C. lateral habitus, female; D. prodorsal shield; E. epigynum; F. leg I and leg II, female.

Solivagus alpha n. gen. n. sp. Reis & Navia (Figs. 1 & 2) FEMALE (n=10). Body fusiform, 207 (202–226), 70 (60–80) wide; yellowish in life. Gnathosoma prominent, projecting perpendicular to the body axis, 35 (35–36); basal seta (ep) 3 (2–3); apical seta (d) 12 (11–12) simple. Prodorsal shield subrectangular, 30 (30–34), 64 (53–68) wide. Prodorsal shield design does not show longitudinal, median and admedian lines as such but rather presents rows of cells that includes in the central area, two rows of subrectangular, longitudinal cells; posterior median shield rear with two divergent diagonal lines directed to central area joining the base of posterior row of cells arranged in a triangle; lateral areas with irregular, somewhat curved, transversal or diagonal lines; frontal lobe short, wide and thin. Scapular setae (sc) missing, shield tubercles present, minute, with longitudinal bases and placed near rear

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shield margin, 27 (25–28) apart. Legs with all segments; femoral seta (bv) on legs I and II, and genual seta (l”) on leg II, absent. Legs I 38 (37–38); femur 10 (10); genu 5 (5), genual seta (l”) 35 (31–35); tibia 11 (10– 12), tibial seta (l’) 7 (6–7); tarsus 7 (7–8), dorsal seta (ft’) 22 (21–22), lateral seta (ft’’) 20 (18–21), unguinal seta (u’) 4 (4–5), solenidion ( ω ) strongly knobbed 7 (7); empodium simple, 5 (5–6), 5-rayed, apically bifurcate. Legs II 36 (33–37); femur 10 (9–10); genu 5 (5); tibia 9 (9–10); tarsus 7 (6–7), ft” 20 (19–21), ft’ 6 (5–6), u’ 4 (4–5), ω 7 (7); empodium 6 (5–6), 5-rayed, apically bifurcate. Coxae I and II with granulated areas. Sternal line 11 (11–12). Coxal seta I (1b) absent; coxal seta II (1a) 16 (16–17), 11 (11–14) apart; coxal seta III (2a) 41 (39–42), 30 (27–35) apart; 7 (7–8) coxigenital annuli, microtuberculated. Genitalia 21 (21– 26), 35 (32–36) wide, coverflap with two rows of longitudinal lines, discontinuous in the median area; proximal with 23 (18–22) lines, and distal with 23 (19–24) lines; genital seta (3a) 10 (10–11). Opisthosoma with 80 (78–82) dorsal annuli, 74 (68–74) ventral annuli. Small, pointed microtubercles on the posterior annulus margins of dorsolateral and ventral opisthosoma only, that is, anterior two thirds of dorsomedian annuli smooth. Lateral seta (c2) 16 (15–16), on annulus 2 (1–3); ventral seta I (d) 15 (15–18), on annulus 19 (16–19), 57 (54–65) apart, 61 (47–62) microtubercles apart; ventral seta II (e) 18 (16–18), on annulus 38 (32– 38), 26 (21–31) apart, 23 (20–28) microtubercles apart; ventral seta III (f) 27 (25–27), on annulus 64 (56–64), 3 (26–35) apart, 23 (22–27) microtubercles apart. Caudal seta (h2) 74 (66–74); accessory seta (h1), minute. MALE (n=5). Smaller than female, 164–189, 62–65 wide. Gnathosoma 31–32; basal seta (ep) 2 (2); apical seta (d) 9–11, simple. Prodorsal shield as in female, 26–30, 50–55 wide. Scapular setae (sc) missing, shield tubercles as in female, 20–24 apart. Legs as in female. Leg I 32–33; femur 9 (9); genu 5, genual seta (l”) 24–26; tibia 10–11, tibial seta (l’) 6–7; tarsus 6–7, lateral seta (ft”) 19–20, dorsal seta (ft’) 19–20, unguinal seta (u’) 4–5, solenidion (ω) 6–7, empodium 5, 5-rayed. Leg II 30–32; femur 9–10; genu 5; tibia 8– 9; tarsus 6–7, ft” 17–18, ft’ 5–6, u’ 4, ω 6–7, empodium 4–5, 5-rayed. Coxae smooth. Sternal line 9–11. Coxal seta I (1b) absent; coxal seta II (1a) 9, 12–16 apart; coxal seta III (2a) 27–30, 20–25 apart; with 6–7 coxigenital annuli, microtuberculated. Genitalia 16–20, 19–22 wide, posterior region granulated, eugential setae as figured; genital seta (3a) 9–10. Opisthosoma as in female, 71–76 dorsal annuli; 60–62 ventral annuli. Lateral seta (c2 ) 13–15, on annulus 1; ventral seta I (d) 13–14 on annulus 12–14, 35–40 apart, 39–40 microtubercles apart; ventral seta II (e) 12–13, on annulus 28–30, 18–20 apart, 18–23 microtubercles apart; ventral seta III (f) 20–22, on annulus 50–52, 24–26 apart, 19–23 microtubercles apart. Caudal seta (h2) 65; accessory seta (h1), minute. Type material. Female holotype, 34 female and 11 male paratypes, from Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. 08° 01’ 07” S, 34° 56’ 41” W, 06 August 2008, coll. A. C. Reis, on 7 microscope slides. Holotype and paratypes (36 specimens, 26 females and 10 males, on 5 microscope slides) deposited in the collection of the Laboratório de Acarologia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. Paratypes (9 specimens, 8 females and 1 male, on 2 microscope slides) also deposited in the collection of the Laboratório de Quarentena Vegetal, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil. Relation to host. Vagrant on the lower leaf surface; no visible damage. Etymology. The specific designation alpha, first letter of the Greek alphabet, refers to this species being the first to be described in the new genus, Solivagus.

Davisella spondias Reis & Navia n. sp. Diptilomiopidae, Diptilomiopinae (Figs. 3 & 4) Diagnosis. Davisella spondias n. sp. is the seventh species to be assigned to this genus. It is distinctive in having the prodorsal shield ornamentation with free longitudinal lines (not joined forming cells or arches) and completely or partially circumscribed with a semi-elliptical line that surrounds almost the entire prodorsal shield. This species is near Davisella globosa (Keifer, 1969), Davisella haramotonis (Keifer, 1974), Davisella notosa (Flechtmann, 1995) and Davisella paucisetosa (Flechtmann, 1999) in the ornamentation of the



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coverflap with the basal region featuring granules (or dashes) and the distal region having radiating longitudinal lines. However, the new species has more distal longitudinal lines (35–38 lines) on the coverflap, while the other species have less than 30 longitudinal lines, except for D. haramotonis. The new species has a short, trapezoidal anterior lobe, while D. haramotonis has a broad, round anterior lobe over the gnathosoma base with the median line extending over almost the entire prodorsal shield length (only on the rear half in D. haramotonis); the admedian lines are long as well, but not connected by curved cross lines as in D. haramotonis; laterally on the prodorsal shield, only two longitudinal lines (no curved broken lines and short dashes as in D. haramotonis). The new species is similar to D. haramotonis in having a 6-rayed empodium while that of Davisella breitlowi (Davis, 1964) is 5–rayed, Davisella palmea (Flechtmann, 1998) is 7–8 rayed and all the other species are 7 or 8–rayed.

FIGURE 3. Davisella spondias n. sp. – CGM. Coxigenital region, male; D. dorsal habitus, female; AD. Antero-dorsal female; em. empodium, leg I, female; LM. lateral habitus, female; LO. lateral opisthosoma view of anterior section of mite; L1. leg I, female; L2. leg II, female; V. ventral habitus, female.

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FIGURE 4. Davisella spondias n. sp. A. dorsal habitus, female; B. ventral habitus, female; C. lateral habitus, female; D. epigynum; E. prodorsal shield; F. genitalia, male; G. empodium, female; H. leg I and leg II, female.

FEMALE (n=10). Body fusiform, 160 (146–172), 77 (69–77) wide; colour in life, light-yellowish. Gnathosoma prominent, projecting well down, 34 (33–35); basal seta (ep) 4 (3–4); apical seta (d) 2 (2–3), simple. Prodorsal shield 29 (29–36), 61 (52–63) wide with sinuous, parallel median and admedian lines. Free longitudinal lines (extremities not joined forming cells or arches) and completely or partially circumscribed by a semi-elliptical line that surrounds almost entire prodorsal shield, except for the anterolateral sparsely granulated region. Scapular setae (sc) and tubercles absent. Legs with all segments; femoral seta (bv) and tibial seta (l’) absent on both legs; genual seta (l’’) absent on leg II. Leg I 35 (33–36); femur 13 (12–14); genu 5, genual seta (l”) 45 (42–47); tibia 6 (5–6), tibial seta (l’) absent; tarsus 11 (11–13), lateral seta (ft”) 34 (32– 34), dorsal seta (ft’) 34 (32–34), unguinal seta (u’) 4 (4–5), solenidion (ω) 6 (5–6); empodium divided 9 (7–9), 6–rayed. Leg II 31 (29–32); femur 11 (10–11); tibia 4 (3–4); tarsus 9 (8–9), ft” 29 (26–29), ft’ 10 (8–10), u’ 4 (4–5), ω 6 (5–6), empodium divided, 7 (7–8), each branch 6–rayed. Coxae I and II with numerous pointed granules. Coxal seta I (1b) 11 (11–14), 12 (11–13) apart; coxal seta II (1a) 23 (23–26), 10 (10–11) apart; coxal seta III (2a) 45 (40–47), 29 (29–32) apart; 8 (8–9) coxigenital annuli, without microtubercles. Genitalia 25



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(21–25), 39 (39–40) wide, coverflap with proximal area granulated and distally with 38 (35–38) longitudinal radial lines; genital seta (3a) 10 (10–12). Opisthosoma with 73 (69–77) dorsal annuli, of which the posterior (about the last twelve) slightly microtuberculated, the first thirteen having a slight median ridge; 64 (63–69) ventral annuli, with pointed microtubercles on the posterior annulus margins, not present in the lateral region. Lateral seta (c2) absent; ventral seta I (d) 51 (51–68), on annulus 13 (13–14), 46 (39–48) apart, 32 (28–36) microtubercles apart; ventral seta II (e) 61 (58–63), on annulus 34 (34–38), 29 (25–31) apart, 29 (23–29) microtubercles apart; ventral seta III (f) 22 (22–24), on annulus 57 (55–60), 28 (24–30) apart, 28 (23–30) microtubercles apart. Caudal seta (h2) 70 (65–70); accessory seta (h1), minute. MALE (n=5). Smaller than female, 142 (140–160), 69 (61–69) wide. Gnathosoma 28 (28–30); basal seta (ep) 3 (2–3); apical seta (d) 2 (2–3), simple. Prodorsal shield as in female, 31 (30–33), 59 (51–59) wide. Scapular setae (sc) and tubercles absent. Legs as in female. Leg I 35 (32–38); femur 13 (11–13); genu 5 (4–5), genual seta (l”) 40 (36–41); tibia 5 (4–5); tarsus 9 (9–11), lateral seta (ft”) 29 (28–31), dorsal seta (ft’) 29 (28– 31), unguinal seta (u’) 4 (4–5), solenidion (ω) 6 (5–6); empodium divided 7, 6–rayed. Leg II 27 (26–29); femur 10 (9–10); tibia 4 (3–4); genu 4 (3–4); tarsus 7 (7–8), ft” 23 (23–26), ft’ 7 (7–8), u’ 4 (4), ω 5 (5); empodium 7 (7), 6–rayed. Coxae as in female. Coxal seta I (1b) 10–11, 10–12 apart; coxal seta II (1a) 17–22, 8–11 apart; coxal seta III (2a) 35–36, 24–30 apart; 8–9 coxigenital annuli, microtubercles. Genitalia 16–19, 21–25 wide, posterior region granulated, eugenital setae as depicted; genital seta (3a) 8–10. Opisthosoma as in female, 58–65 dorsal annuli; 59–62 ventral annuli. Lateral seta (c2) absent; ventral seta I (d) 45–66, on annulus 10–13, 28–36 apart, 23–29 microtubercles apart; ventral seta II (e) 48–58, on annulus 29–34, 19–23 apart, 17–21 microtubercles apart; ventral seta III (f) 20–21, on annulus 50–55, 24–27 apart, 21–25 microtubercles apart. Caudal seta (h2) 60–63; accessory seta (h1), minute. Type material. Female holotype, 41 female and 18 male paratypes, from Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. 08° 01’ 07” S, 34° 56’ 41” W, 19 August 2008, coll. A. C. Reis, on 8 microscope slides. Holotype and paratypes (36 specimens, 25 females and 11 males, on 5 microscope slides) deposited in the collection of the Laboratório de Acarologia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. Paratypes (23 specimens, 16 females and 7 males, on 3 microscope slides) also deposited in the collection of the Laboratório de Quarentena Vegetal, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil. Relation to host. Vagrant on the lower leaf surface; no visible damage. Etymology. The specific designation “spondias” refers to Spondias, the host plant genus.

Dichopelmus ibapitanga Reis & Navia n. sp. Eriophyidae, Phyllocoptinae, Acaricalini (Figs. 5 & 6) Diagnosis. Dichopelmus ibapitanga n. sp. is distinctive in the smooth prodorsal shield and having the presence of elongated microtubercles in the median region of the dorsal annuli. It is similar to Dichopelmus notus Keifer, 1959 and Dichopelmus flechtmanni Huang, 2001 in possessing short scapular seta (sc) (reaching only the first dorsal annulus in D. notus and the second in D. flechtmanni) and in the 4-rayed divided empodium. However, the new species differs from the mentioned species by having a completely smooth prodorsal shield (almost smooth in D. notus but presenting longitudinal furrows, and rough in D. flechtmanni); elongated microtubercles in the median region of the dorsal annuli (absent in D. notus; sparse, not elongated and not restricted to the median region of D. flechtmanni); and in the coverflap ornamentation: basal half area smooth and the distal half with a row of longitudinal lines (in D. notus, the epigynum longitudinal lines extend over the distal half occupying almost the entire coverflap and in D. flechtmanni the epigynum presents two rows of longitudinal lines). FEMALE (n=10). Body fusiform, 172 (156–189), 74 (69–79) wide; colour in life, light yellowish. Gnathosoma downcurved, 24 (21–24); basal seta (ep) 2 (2–3); apical seta (d) 8 (8–9), simple; chelicerae 17 (15–18). Prodorsal shield subrectangular 53 (48–54), 72 (60–74) wide. Frontal lobe broadly rounded, broad

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FIGURE 5. Dichopelmus ibapitanga n. sp. – CGM. Coxigenital region, male; D. dorsal habitus, female; em. empodium, leg I, female; LM. lateral habitus, female; LO. lateral opisthosoma view of anterior section of mite; L1. leg I, female; L2. leg II, female; V. ventral habitus, female.

basally, 9 (9–10), 23 (23–27) wide. Scapular setae (sc) 5 (4–5), on tubercles near the rear shield margin and directed backwards, 37 (34–39) apart. Legs with all segments; all usual setae present. Leg I 31 (31–32); femur 9 (8–10), femoral seta (bv) 10 (8–10); genu 5 (4–5), genual seta (l”) 22 (20–22); tibia 8 (8–9), tibial seta (l’) 4 (4–5); tarsus 7 (6–7), lateral seta (ft”) 20 (19–20), dorsal seta (ft’) 17 (17–18), unguinal seta (u’) 3 (3–4), solenidion (ω) 5 (5–6) strongly knobbed, empodium divided 4–5, 4–rayed. Leg II 30 (30–33); femur 9 (8–9), bv 9 (9–11); genu 5 (4–5), l” 5 (5); tibia 6 (6); tarsus 6 (5–6), ft” 17 (16–18), ft’ 5 (5), u’ 3 (3–4), ω 5 (5) strongly knobbed; empodium as in leg I, 4-rayed. Coxae I and II without granules. Sternal line 6 (6–7). Coxal seta I (1b) 7 (6–7), 14 (13–14) apart; coxal seta II (1a) 16 (16–17), 9 (9–10) apart; coxal seta III (2a) 28 (28– 33), 27 (26–30) apart; 13 (12–13) coxigenital annuli, smooth. Genitalia 23 (21–23), 18 (18–22) wide,



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coverflap with proximal area smooth and distal half area with 12 (11–13) longitudinal lines; genital seta (3a) 11 (11). Opisthosoma 27 (27–31) dorsal annuli; a median and two lateral slight ridges; microtubercles elongated, restricted to the median region, more numerous in the first annuli and gradually decreasing in number until the 1/3 posterior where only a single elongated microtubercle is present; 62 (55–66) ventral annuli. Lateral seta (c2) 19 (19–23), on annulus 4 (3–4); ventral seta I (d) 56 (56–60), on annulus 18 (17–19), 23 (20–24) apart, 16 (11–17) microtubercles apart; ventral seta II (e) 11 (11–12), on annulus 38 (36–38), 11 (11–12) apart, 8 (8–11) microtubercles apart; ventral seta III (f) 15 (14–17), on annulus 56 (50–61), 20 (20– 22) apart, 24 (20–24) microtubercles apart. Caudal seta (h2) 50 (50–58); accessory seta (h1) absent.

FIGURE 6. Dichopelmus ibapitanga n. sp. A. dorsal habitus, female, droplets of wax on its body; B. ventral habitus, female; C. lateral habitus, female; D. genitalia, male; E. epigynum; F. prodorsal shield; G. leg I, female; I. leg II, female.

MALE (n=5). Smaller than female, 142–167, 60–67 wide. Gnathosoma 19–22; basal seta (ep) 2–3; apical seta (d) 7–8; chelicerae 14–16. Prodorsal shield as in female, 43–51, 54–62 wide. Scapular setae (sc) 5 on tubercles, 32–33 apart. Frontal lobe 8–10, 21–24 wide. Legs as in female. Leg I 29–33; femur 8–9, femoral seta (bv) 8–9; genu 5, genual seta (l”) 20–22; tibia 8–9, tibial seta (l’) 4; tarsus 5–6, lateral seta (ft”) 17–19,

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dorsal seta (ft’) 15–16, unguinal seta (u’) 3–4, solenidion (ω) 5 strongly knobbed; empodium divided 4–5, 4rayed. Leg II 28–32; femur 8–9, bv 8–10; genu 4–5, l” 4–5; tibia 5–7; tarsus 5–6, ft” 15–17, ft’ 5, u’ 3–4, ω 5– 6 strongly knobbed; empodium divided 4–5, 4-rayed. Coxae as in female. Sternal line 6. Coxal seta I (1b) 5– 6, 12–13 apart; coxal seta II (1a) 15, 8–9 apart; coxal seta III (2a) 26–30, 20–23 apart; 13–15 coxigenital annuli, smooth. Genitalia 10–11, 15–16 wide, posterior region without granules, eugenital setae as figured; genual seta (3a) 9–10. Opisthosoma as in female, 28–29 dorsal annuli; 48–56 ventral annuli. Lateral seta (c2) 16–17, on annulus 2–3; ventral seta I (d) 52–56, on annulus 12–14, 20–24 apart, 14–16 microtubercles apart; ventral seta II (e) 11–12, on annulus 26–31, 10–13 apart, 6–10 microtubercles apart; ventral seta III (f) 13–15, on annulus 43–51, 19–22 apart, 20–23 microtubercles apart. Caudal seta (h2) 50; accessory seta (h1) absent. Type material. Female holotype, 23 female and 16 male paratypes from Eugenia uniflora L (Myrtaceae), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. 08° 01’ 07” S, 34° 56’ 41” W, 22 August 2008, coll. A. C. Reis, on 7 microscope slides. Holotype and paratypes (23 specimes, 16 females and 7 males, on 5 microscope) deposited in the collection of the Laboratório de Acarologia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. Paratypes (16 specimens, 7 females and 9 males, on 2 microscope slides) also deposited in the collection of the Laboratório de Quarentena Vegetal, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil. Relation to host. Vagrant on the lower leaf surface. Etymology. The specific name “ibapitanga” comes from the Tupi Guarani indigenous word "ibá-pitanga", that means a "fruit of red skin", referring to the common name of the host plant.

Redescription Aculus pitangae Boczek & Davis, 1984 (Figs. 7 & 8) FEMALE (n=10). Body fusiform, 161–175, 55–63 wide; colour in life, yellowish, dorsally covered with wax. Gnathosoma downcurved, 20 (19–21); basal seta (ep) 2–3; apical seta (d) 7–8; chelicerae 12. Prodorsal shield 43–47, 52–57 wide, subtriangular; admedian lines not linear but rather curved, with convergences and divergences along 2/3 of posterior shield; admedian lines are convergent on the 1/3 anterior, joining in a triangle whose apex ends at the frontal lobe base; curved and diagonal lines rearing laterally to the dorsal tubercles and following parallel to the anterolateral shield margin, also sinuous; on the ¼ anterior shield, these curved lines join the admedian lines. Scapular setae (sc) 12–13, on tubercles 2, placed near the posterior shield margin, 31–40 apart. Frontal lobe 6–7, apically rounded, broad-based, 20–21 wide. Legs with all segments; all usual setae present except for tibial seta (l’) on I and II. Legs I 27–28; femur 8–9; femoral seta (bv) 8–9); genu 4–5; genual seta (l”) 23–27; tibia 5–7; tibial seta (l’) absent, but on the basal area there are two transversal slightly diagonal lines forming a keel; tarsus 5–6; lateral seta (ft”) 17–19; dorsal seta (ft’) 15–16; unguinal seta (u’) 3–4; solenidion (ω) 5–6; empodium simple, 5, 4-rayed. Leg II 25–27; femur 7–9; bv 7–9; genu 4; l” 7–8; tibia 4–5; tarsus 5–6; ft” 16–17; ft’ 4; u’ 3, ω 5–6; empodium 4–5, 4-rayed. Coxae I and II smooth; coxal seta I (1b) 6–7, 11–14 apart; coxal seta II (1a) 20–22, 7–8 apart; coxal seta III (2a) 32–39, 23–25 apart; 7–8 coxigenital annuli, smooth. Genitalia 12–15, 18–20, anterior area with 6–9 irregular, curved transversal lines and distally with 14–16 longitudinal lines; genital seta (3a) 12–14. Opisthosoma 37 (36–38) dorsal annuli, with two longitudinal bands of microtubercles in the median area and (join) merging gradually, forming a unique median microtuberculated band; these areas covered by a small amount of a wax-like secretion; posterior annuli (approximately the four caudal ones) not microtuberculated; a slight central elevation dorsal to the ventral seta II (e); 50–57 ventral annuli finely microtuberculated on 2/3 anterior opisthosoma and microtubercles becoming gradually more elongated posterior to ventral seta II (e). Lateral seta (c2), 12–16, on annulus 3–4; ventral seta I (d) 48–56, on annulus 14–16, 26–34 apart, 14–20 microtubercles apart; ventral seta II (e) 11–14 on annulus 30–33, 12–16 apart, 7–10 microtubercles apart; ventral seta III ( f) 14–16, on annulus 47–52, 17–19 apart, 12–16 microtubercles apart. Caudal seta (h2) 50–60; accessory seta (h1) absent.



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FIGURE 7. Aculus pitangae – CGM. Coxigenital region, male; D. dorsal habitus, female; em. empodium, leg I, female; GF. genitalia, female; LM. lateral habitus, female; L1. leg I, female; L2. leg II, female; V. ventral habitus, female.

MALE (n=5). Smaller than female, 134–152, 49–54 wide. Gnathosoma 19–20; basal seta (ep) 3–4; apical seta (d) 7–8; chelicerae 11–12. Prodorsal shield as in female, 42–43, 46–48 wide. Scapular setae (sc) 10 on tubercles, 27–30 apart. Frontal lobe 6, 19–21 wide. Legs as in female. Leg I 25–27; femur 7–8, femoral seta (bv) 8; genu 4–5, genual seta (l”) 23–25; tibia 5–6; tarsus 5, lateral seta (ft”) 17–18, dorsal seta (ft’) 15– 17, unguinal seta (u’) 4, solenidion (ω) 5; empodium 5, 4-rayed. Leg II 23–28; femur 7, bv 8; genu 4, l” 7; tibia 5; tarsus 5, ft” 16, ft’ 4–5, u’ 3, ω 5–6; empodium 5, 4–rayed. Coxae as in female. Sternal line 8–9. Coxal seta I (1b) 5, 11–12 apart; coxal seta II (1a) 21–23, 6–7 apart; coxal seta III (2a) 33–35, 21–24 apart; 7–9 coxigenital annuli, smooth. Genitalia 15–16, 10–11 wide, posterior region granulated, eugential setae as figured; genital seta (3a) 11–12. Opisthosoma as in female, 34–35 dorsal annuli; 44–45 ventral annuli. Lateral seta (c2) 12–16, on annulus 1–2; ventral seta I (d) 45–50, on annulus 11–12, 20–24 apart, 10–12 microtubercles apart; ventral seta II (e) 10–12, on annulus 24–25, 11–13 apart, 8–9 microtubercles apart;

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ventral seta III (f) 15, on annulus 39–40, 16–18 apart, 11–14 microtubercles apart. Caudal seta (h2) 55; accessory seta (h1) absent.

FIGURE 8. Aculus pitangae A. dorsal habitus, female; B. ventral habitus, female; C. prodorsal shield; D. frontal lobe; E. genitalia, male; F. epigynum; G. apical seta abruptly curved upwards; H. leg II, female; I. leg I, female.

Material examined. 44 females and 22 males from Eugenia uniflora L (Myrtaceae), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.08° 01’ 07” S, 34° 56’ 41” W, 04 August 2008, coll. A. C. Reis, on 8 microscope slide. Material 42 specimens (22 females and 20 male, on 6 microscope slides) deposited in the collection of the Laboratório de Acarologia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil and 24 specimens (22 females and 2 male, on 2 microscope slides) in the collection of the Laboratório de Quarentena Vegetal, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil. We had no access to the type material. Relation to host. Vagrant on the lower leaf surface. Remarks. In the original description of A. pitangae, Boczek and Davis (1984) noted the presence of a tibial seta (l’) 2 μm long on leg I. In the new material studied here, no such seta was apparent on the tibia of leg I. However, some transversal, slightly diagonal lines which join in a keel, were observed on basal tibia I. In the generic description of Aculus, Keifer (1959) refers to the presence of all usual setae on the legs. Observations on the leg chaetotaxy in this present study indicated that the taxon, A. pitangae, would not be correctly placed in Aculus if considering its strict generic concept. According to Amrine et al., (2003), the



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genus Neocolopodacus Mohanasundaram, 1980 is close to Aculus, presenting numerous characters in common with it, except for the absence of the tibial seta on leg I. However, a remarkable character that avoids a proposition of a new combination for A. pitangae is the presence of a frontal lobe, which is absent in Neocolopodacus.

Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to FACEPE (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco), CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for contributing financial support to the first author and EMBRAPA-CENARGEN (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agripecuária-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia) for logistical help. CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) provided research fellowships for other authors. We also thank two reviewers, Dr Charnie Craemer, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa and anonymous, for their advisory comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.

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