Eriophyoid mites (Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea ...

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Eriophyoid mites (Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) associated with date palms: new record and a new species of the genus Acaphyllisa from Saudi Arabia a

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Fahad, J. Al-atawi , Muhammad Kamran & Carlos H.W. Flechtmann

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Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia b

Department of Entomologia, Acarologia, CNPq-Brasil Researcher Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Published online: 28 May 2014.

To cite this article: Fahad, J. Al-atawi, Muhammad Kamran & Carlos H.W. Flechtmann (2014) Eriophyoid mites (Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) associated with date palms: new record and a new species of the genus Acaphyllisa from Saudi Arabia, International Journal of Acarology, 40:4, 353-357, DOI: 10.1080/01647954.2014.922123 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2014.922123

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International Journal of Acarology, 2014 Vol. 40, No. 4, 353–357, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2014.922123

Eriophyoid mites (Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) associated with date palms: new record and a new species of the genus Acaphyllisa from Saudi Arabia Fahad, J. Al-atawia, Muhammad Kamrana and Carlos H.W. Flechtmannb a

Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (emails: [email protected], [email protected]); bDepartment of Entomologia, Acarologia, CNPq-Brasil Researcher Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil (email: chwfl[email protected]) (Received 8 November 2013; accepted 4 May 2014; published online 28 May 2014)

Downloaded by [77.31.231.163] at 13:41 20 November 2014

Acaphyllisa arabica sp. nov. (Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) is described and illustrated. It is the first species of the genus Acaphyllisa Keifer recorded on date palms. Acaphyllisa and Mackiella phoenicis Keifer are reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:0F7CAE8E-4FB3-499C-BBAF-1E28775BB005 Keywords: Eriophyidae; Acaphyllisa arabica; Mackiella

Introduction Acaphyllisa Keifer 1978 (Eriophyidae) comprises 24 described species, collected either from conifers (Araucariaceae, Taxodiaceae) or from dicotyledonous host plants: 16 species were described originally from China, Taiwan and India (Asia) (Keifer 1954, 1978; Ghosh and Chakrabarti 1987; Huang 1991, 2001a, 2001b; Huang and Wang 2003, 2009; Xue and Hong 2006; Song et al. 2008, 2011; Xue et al. 2009, 2012; Li et al. 2012); five species from Denmark, Hungary, Guadeloupe Island and France (Europe) (Nalepa 1892, 1911; Keifer 1978; Flechtmann and Etienne 2001; Ripka 2009); one species from Brazil (Flechtmann 2000) and one from the USA (Keifer 1961). Very little work on eriophyoid mites has been carried out in Saudi Arabia, with only a few species recently reported on fruit trees other than date palms (Martin 1972; Al-atawi and Halawa 2011). We provide the first report of Acaphyllisa in the Saudi Arabian fauna and the first report from date palm leaves (Arecaceae) in the world on the basis of Acaphyllisa arabica sp. nov. which also represents the first member of this genus recorded on monocot plants species. Mackiella phoenicis Keifer (Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae) is also recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia on date palms.

Keifer’s medium and dried in oven at 40°C for one week. The slide-mounted specimens were examined and identified at 2000× magnification under a phase-contrast microscope (DM2500, Leica®, Wetzlar, Germany). The final illustrations were made with Adobe Illustrator (Adobe Systems Incorporated, San Jose, California, USA) based on scanned drawings. Some body parts were pictured by Auto-montage Software System (SYNCROSCOPY®, Cambridge, UK). All measurements are given in micrometres (μm) and refer to the length unless specified otherwise. The terminology used in this study follows that of Lindquist (1996). Type specimens are deposited at the King Saud Museum of Arthropods, Riyadh and Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University. Two paratypes (one female and one male) were deposited at ESALQ-USP (Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil), under the numbers TMZLQ 2914 and T-MZLQ 2915.

Materials and methods The Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia was surveyed during the year 2011 for the collection of eriophyoid mites associated with date palm orchards. Date palm leaves were collected from the field and brought to the laboratory for the examination. For the extraction of mites, plant samples were examined either directly under a stereomicroscope (Olympus®, SZX10, Japan) or processed through Tullgren funnels. The collected mite specimens were mounted on microscope slides in

Acaphyllisa arabica sp. nov. (Figures 1A–D, 2E–H, 3I–J)

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Results and discussion

Diagnosis Host monocots; without seta on femur I (but present on femur II). Female: (n = 13, measurements of holotype followed by those of 12 paratypes in parentheses)

F.J. Al-atawi et al.


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Figure 1. A–D: Acaphyllisa arabica sp. nov. (female): A, dorsum; B, venter and coxisternal region; D, genital region; C, genital region (male).

Body spindleform, light yellow, idiosoma 139 (135– 146), 54 (53–58) wide; 44 (42–46) thick (Figure 1A, 3I). Gnathosoma 22 (20–23), projecting obliquely down, pedipalp coxal setae (ep) 6 (5–6); pedipalp genual setae 7 (6–7); chelicerae 20 (20–22). Prodorsal shield 48 (45– 49), including frontal lobe, 53 wide; with frontal lobe 9 (8–9), 18 (16–18) wide at base. Median and admedian lines present. Median line incomplete, present only on anterior one-third of prodorsal shield; admedian lines complete. A transverse short line connecting admedian and median lines at anterior one-third of shield, rest of shield smooth. Scapular tubercles ahead of rear margin

of prodorsal shield 17 (16–17) apart; scapular setae (sc) 6 (6–7), projecting mediate or up (Figures 1A, 2E). Coxisternal region with 9 (9–10) smooth semiannuli, coxal area with longitudinal smooth lines. Anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (1b) 13 (12–14), 11(10–12) apart; proximal setae on coxisternum I (1a) 20 (20– 22), 7 (7–8) apart; proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 23 (22–24), 21 (18–21) apart (Figure 1B, 3J). Leg I 34 (30–35) (without coxae), femur 9 (9–10), basiventral femoral setae (bv) absent; genu 5 (5–6); genual setae (l’’) 21 (19–23); tibia 10 (9–11), tibial setae (l’) 5 (4–5) sits on proximal part, tarsus 5 (5–6), lateral


International Journal of Acarology setae (ft”) 16 (16–18), dorsal setae (ft’) 15 (15–16), unguinal setae (u’) 5 (4–5); tarsal solenidion (w) 5 (4– 5); tarsal empodium 5 (5–6), divided into four rays on each side (Figure 2F). Leg II 33 (30–33) (without coxae), femur 10 (9–10), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 12 (11–13); genu 5 (4–5); genual setae (l’) 7 (6–7); tibia 10 (9–10), with a spine at distal end; tarsus 6 (6–7), lateral setae (ft’’) 16 (15–16), dorsal setae (ft’) 5 (4–5) unguinal setae (u’) 5, tarsal solenidion (w) 6 (5–6) (Figure 2G); empodium 5 (5–6), divided into four rays on each side (Figure 2H). Opisthosoma (Figure 1A) dorsally with a small mid dorsal ridge and two very light lateral furrows, with 30 (29–30) smooth semiannuli; ventrally with 53 (52–54) semiannuli, with rounded microtubercles; setae c2 14 (13–15), on the first ventral semiannulus, 37 (35–38) apart; setae d 31 (30–33), on ventral semiannulus 13 (10–13), 21 (19–22) apart; setae e 18 (16–19), on ventral semiannulus 31 (30–32), 9 (7–9) apart; setae f 25 (24–27), on ventral semiannuli 6–7 from rear, 17 (15–17); caudal

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setae h2 31 (30–33), 6 (5–6) apart, accessory setae h1 minute 2 (2–3) (Figure 1A, 2E). Female genitalia (Figure 1C) 18 (17–18), 20 (20–21) wide, coverflap with 12 longitudinal lines, setae 3a 15 (15–16), 11 (10–11) apart (Figure 1B). Male (n = 4): Body spindleform, yellowish, 115–127, 46– 50 wide, 39–42 thick. Gnathosoma 16–19, projecting obliquely down, pedipalp coxal setae (ep) 5–6; pedipalp genual setae (d) 6–7, chelicerae 16–19. Prodorsal shield with frontal lobe (7–8), (16–17) wide. Median and admedian lines not clear, shield smooth scapular tubercles ahead of rear margin of shield, 14–15 apart; scapular setae (sc) 6–7, directed up and mediad. Coxisternum region with 9–10 smooth semiannuli, coxal area with longitudinal smooth line. Anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (1b) 13–14, 13–14 apart. Proximal setae on coxisternum I (1a) 17–19, 6–7 apart. Proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 35–39, (15–16) apart. Leg I 36–38, femur 9–10, basiventral femoral setae absent; genu 4–5; genual setae (l’’) 24–26; tibia 10–12, tibial setae (l’) 3–4,

Figure 2. E–H: Acaphyllisa arabica sp. nov. E, lateral view; F, leg I; G, leg II; H, empodium.

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F.J. Al-atawi et al. Type material


Holotype female (one specimen on a slide), College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2 April 2011, from newly emerged date palm leaves, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecaceae), coll. J. Basahaih. Paratypes 16 (females 12 and males four), collection data of seven females and three males same as holotype, while five females and one male, collected from Al-Imam Muhammad bin Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 24 March 2011, coll. J. Basahaih, also from newly emerged leaves of date palm.

Figure 3. I–J: Acaphyllisa arabica sp. nov. I, dorsal view; J, ventral view.

Mackiella phoenicis Keifer, 1939 New Records: four females + two males, Al-Khraj, Saudi Arabia, 29 February 2010, 19 April 2011, from central leaves and fibres of date palm (P. dactylifera); 10 females + 5 males, King Saud University and Al-Imam University, Riyadh, 7 January 2010 14–04-32, 8 March 2011, 19 March 2011, 19 April 2011 from central leaves and fibre of date palm trees.

Funding tarsus (6–8), lateral setae (ft’’) 7–8, dorsal setae (ft’) 16–18, unguinal setae (u’) 4–5; solenidion 5–6; empodium 5, divided, each branch four-rayed on each side. Leg II 33–40, femur 10–11, basiventral femoral setae (bv) 13–15; genu 4– 5; genual setae 6–7; tibia 9–10, tarsus 6–7, lateral tarsal setae (ft’’) 18–20, dorsal tarsal setae (ft’) 7–8, paraxial, unguinal setae (u) 4–5; solenidion 6–7, empodium six divided, each branch four-rayed. Opisthosoma: mid-dorsal ridge absent dorsally with 28–29 semiannuli, ventrally with 44–45 semiannuli, with rounded microtubercles; setae c2 14–15, on first ventral semiannulus from genitalia rear margin; setae d 26– 28 on 10–11 semiannuli, 18–20 apart; setae e 14–15, on ventral semiannuli 26–28, 7–8 apart; setae f 27–28, 14–15 apart, on 5–6 semiannuli from rear margin; candal setae h2 40–42; accessory setae h1 short 2–3. Male genitalia 12–13 and 14 (13–14) wide, genital setae 3a 15–17, 11–12 apart (Figure 1D).

Remarks Acaphyllisa arabica sp. nov can be separated from all previously known species within the genus by the absence of the setae bv on femur I. It could be enough for establishing a new genus; but we prefer to assign the new species to Acaphyllisa, until more species with this set of characters are discovered. It is the first species of this genus, collected from a monocot plant.

Etymology The specific designation is from the last part of country name “Saudi Arabia.”

The authors wish to express their appreciation for King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Saudi Arabia, for the financial support (Project No-AT-29-359).

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