(1390) )254-267
$% &
#
!" '+ ,
4
D
EF%
4
7 & C AC =
[email protected]
:1
)23+ .
) * )3@% A >B =
'( 4 ?9: ;
! 6
../ (, - ( )*+
34 2 -*1
!" # $ $%& '" .(+ 9&
!" &+
9:; < # $ $%& 7 *8
../ (, - ( )*+
! +6 -2
?" +6+ / + > / " -3
D
../ (, - ( )*+ !" # $ $%& '"
/ + > / " -4 88/12/4 :.A 6 B &
SI
89/10/2 :E F B &
K
:A. I * . L/7 ?; < . 6 I J +' + K & 6 K & 6 " 9 L + & 7:L< + / # :LP 7 6 & "+ * ?; < )M * N O & :; < + W 6 M.*6 )L" 6 & 3 %& N:)V ?U+ 6 ST "+ ; ;R * Q 7 . / ?; < . 6 J/ ' V K 7I U 9 * 34 ?* 6 ? " 7 -7* 3 %& ?U+ > *+ )2 1 7 L 7 ST 7* /6 -?; < + * Z+ 6 . / - + + V) + 7 ST 7* 6 7 - 1 2J&7 ( )M 6 7 :" 7 * + Y J& + 6 ST . / X V) + ) + 7* 6 + &? / + ) K & 7* 6 )+ 6 1 L SB ( < ) Easy fit K +'A+\ + 6 J)*+ 9 K - + Q6 & 7 :" . / 6 J)*+ ) + 7* [ 3 )+ 7* [ 3 & 7" 7 6 ( 2 ?; < 3 %& N:)V ?U+ 6 K & 7" 6+6 ( ! ^ ) . / \ ] + & ` V& 3 %& 7:U + ) & _ + 3 %& 7:U 6 6 * E + + +6 7 3 + 3 %& 7:U 6 ) + .6+6 ( ! * - + 3 %& 7:U 7* + ) + 7* [ 3 & 7) 3+ . / + `* SB (
*+ . V Z & :O+ * ( T 6 + 6 ? 2!& + ?; < Nord-Larsen & Cao, ) + & ! 93 7 9& + . 6 - 7d+ + (2006 6 I J +' + 7)/+6 * 6 " K :A. I * . L/7 ?; < . )M * N O & (1385 ( + L ) :; < 6 & K
www.SID.ir
255
2 $% & 19 !
.(1379 (+ 2L L
& 7* Z
7) +6 `*
E+
+ `*
6+' :P L% Z mL
+ 6 & 3 %& ?U+ Z)/+6 TA +
` & &7 +
L
&
[ 3
[ 3
-
& 6 . +6 L
*
!
+
93
ST # $ + "
7 9&
+
6 6+ & 6 K
%& . /
K
7 +
)! X )/ M+
"+
- 2
&Z+
7 6 6p&
K
7
*
7$S X r
6 N:)V
( ) /+
/ \ ]+
93
N:)V
6
6
$
+ Z mL
L
ch
+ M J '
A+ t< s P
* 34 ?*
6 lS* + Y J& + ..*+
n3 M -
* /Z
T / 48° 49 (K Q +
6
2 K7 3S 6 /
zM {& . /
xK
7 ST + L
7* & "
/ \ ]+ A+ t
6
7%
3 & * .A
X M zM
x+ 6 7" STh" (+ +672!M 9 &
ST +672!M ( )M 6 (K 6 7"
6% N %6 @% N O DP @ J 7
6
*+ X V) + Z +
7* 6 Korpel (1995) 7 Q > *+ # ST ` & &Z
6
+
)+
7:U
Ar 7*
" 7 -7*
* 34 ?*
+ +
c x f ( x) = ( ) b b
)+
J/ ' V K 7I U 9
6 J)*+
-1 : +
.(Palahi et al., 2007)
A
/6 -?; < + W
A
ch
.*+
F q S + ? 367
7d+ +
& Z + 1973 6
`*
ive
- 2 .3 9*
& 736
c 1
2 7S +
6
.(Cao, 2004) .*+ c x a f ( x) = ( ) b b
/ X V) +
3 %& 7:U
* / (+ < 6 & (K 6 7" (Initial stage) 7 3 + x b
exp
& P 7"
c
(1) 7S +
?2/ ` I /
c 1
exp
. / x
a b
V + $ ` & &7 c
b (K 6 7"
7 * + Y J& + 6 ST ' x
%
c
(2) 7S +
www.SID.ir
257
2 $% & 19 !
..*+ 6
( $$% g% 6
# O7 7" 6
+ L
7)*
& 1 '
.(Bullock & Boon, 2007) 6 /
)
6+6
Y J& + 6 ST ' x
7 * +
&
. / 6
7
.
/
7*
7*% 5 4
:
?
7N 3C C
LK: %6 @ K:
>? %6
D=%6 6 !L M H
-1 B&
www.SID.ir
259
2 $% & 19 !
„6 O ; 6 # $
6
L
&
)!
2 6'
+
) ) * 15 )+
7:U
P T Z + 7) 3+
? 2!& E+ 7 - + 7 ST Z + 6
6 7"
6 Y L] 6 ' 2* & .:
7
[ 3
@D % X
C
CY 4
Ar
60
?
of
( D DC F) @ K:
. &
6+6
6 /
"
6
-
7)A F JO s A :*
& + 7 L 7 ST 7*
Z )L" + .*+ # J) 9 K 6 ( )M 6 6+ & 7R 73 +
` V& 3 %& 7:U
6 ` & &7 6+ & Z )!
www.SID.ir
265
2 $% & 19 !
6 + L7
+
J
L
3 %& ?U+ _+ ) )+ 6 )+ 6 ) + 7* SB ( < ) + 7*
& 7* 7"
Ar
Shunzhong et al. (2006) # $ $%& 6 7)V K
Q + N:)V p + / 6 # J)
93
Liu et al. (2002) Z mL . 6 -
7)V K M+
&? $ 6+ & 7)V K & a
%$6 &Z+ + Q ?U+
+ 7"
/ X 2/+ )+
6 & +
7*
+
6 & 6 Z+ P L)