Experiment 1 Stimuli Random Text

APPENDIX Stimuli for Experiment 1 with Answers 1) Peter found the coin between the cushions. Middle 2) The spy saw the police with binoculars. LA: Left; HA: Middle 3) I made her a sandwich with vegetables. Left 4) The policeman chases after the running thief with a gun. LA: Left; HA: Middle 5) Susan walked the dog with a bag. LA: Middle; HA: Right 6) Mary ate the apple on the chair. LA: Left; HA: Right 7) Paul drew the painting on the wall. LA: Left; HA: Right 8) Mary bought the newspaper for 10 dollars. Right 9) The man hit the boy with a book. LA: Right; HA: Left 10) John watched her working for a long time. LA: Left; HA: Middle 11) John played football with his friend in the morning. Right 12) She sings the song with a mic. Middle 13) Jerry used an umbrella with a dog. LA: Middle; HA: Left 14) Ben wrote the letter with a comic book. Right 15) Jerry came across the missing boy in the restaurant. LA: Right; HA: Middle 16) The waitress poked the clown with the umbrella. LA: Middle; HA: Right 17) Ben bought the book for kids. LA: Right; HA: Left

18) Peter talked to Lily on the boat. LA: Left; HA: Middle

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APPENDIX Stimuli for Experiment 2 with Answers

Please read the sentences and decide which item(s) is/are true according to your understanding of that sentence. 1) The a. b. c.

police who chased the thief desperately lost direction. The thief lost direction desperately. The police chased the thief desperately. (VEC) The police lost direction desperately. (VMC)

2) The director who attends the meeting frequently amends the agenda. a. The director attends the meeting frequently. (VEC) b. The director amends the agenda frequently. (VMC) c. The meeting amends the agenda frequently. 3) The terrorists who threw the bomb suddenly blew up the police station. a. b. c. 4) The a. b. c.

The police station blew up suddenly. (VMC) The terrorists threw the police station suddenly. The terrorists threw the bomb suddenly. (VEC) radio she listens to occasionally wakes up her neighbors. The radio wakes her up occasionally. The radio wakes up her neighbors occasionally. (VMC) She listens to the radio occasionally. (VEC)

5) The voluntary work you did then equips you with much social skills. a. You did the voluntary work then. (VEC) b. The voluntary work equips you then. (VMC) c. You equip yourself then. 6) The a. b. c.

song she sang well impressed the president. She sang the song well. (VEC) She impressed the president well. The song impressed the president well. (VMC)

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7) My a. b. c.

friend who wrote novels completely forgot the dinner with me. My friend wrote novels completely. Novels forgot the dinner completely. My friend forgot the dinner completely.

8) The a. b. c.

dog she kept carelessly broke the glasses. She broke the glasses carelessly. The dog broke the glasses carelessly. (VMC) She kept the dog carelessly. (VEC)

9) He took the ornaments downstairs. a. The ornaments were downstairs. (VEC) b. He was the ornaments. c. He was downstairs. (VMC) 10) The girl who was talking on the phone loudly slipped on the floor. a. The phone slipped on the floor loudly. b. The girl slipped on the floor loudly. c. The girl was talking on the phone loudly. 11) The man who was waiting his son never bought a coffee. a. b. c.

The man never bought a coffee. The man was never waiting his son. His son never bought a coffee.

12) The bird she shot previously stayed in Paris Zoo. a. She shot the bird previously. (VEC) b. She stayed in Paris Zoo previously. c. The bird stayed in Paris Zoo previously. (VMC) 13) The things he did really impressed me. a. I really impressed him. b. The things really impressed me. c. The things really impressed him.

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Participant No.: 9 Name: Dickson Age: 35 Language Background: L1 Cantonese; L2 English; L3 Madarin 14) The car he drove almost killed her. a. He drove the car almost. b. The car almost killed her. c. She killed him almost. 15) The work you finished fast strengthens your promotion in this company. a. b. c.

You finished the work fast. (VEC) You strengthen your promotion fast. The work strengthens your promotion fast. (VMC)

16) The accident happened ahead delayed our schedule. a. The accident delayed ahead our schedule. b. Our schedule was happened ahead the accident. c. The accident was happened ahead. 17) The story Mary was reading quickly put her little sister into sleep. a. b. c.

The story put Mary into sleep quickly. Mary was reading the story quickly. (VEC) The story put her little sister into sleep quickly. (VMC)

18) The project they cannot understand immediately frustrates me. a. The project frustrates me immediately. (VMC) b. They frustrate me immediately. c. They cannot understand the project immediately. (VEC)