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By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
Experiment No. 13 Design an 180o phase shifter using bended microtrip line. Theory: The phase shifter can be implemented by the microstrip technique. The specific length of the line can provide the required phase shift. The essential mathematical formulae to calculate the line length to provide specific phase shifting is discussed in Exp no. 10. In this experiment the phase shifter will be implemented by the bended microstrip line. Signal flowing path
L
Y
P1
P2
Signal flowing path
(a) X
Clock wise bending
Clock wise bending
L/2
Signal flowing path
L/2
P1 Signal flowing path
Signal flowing path
P2
Anti clock wise bending
Anti clock wise bending
Signal flowing path
Distance between ports along X axis (b) Fig. 1. (a) Phase shifter using straight microstrip line and (b) Phase shifter using bended microstrip line.
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
In the first case the signal flow path is straight let us assume along the X axis as shown in Fig. 1(a). This path length can be small or large depending upon the amount of phase shift. Now in this experiment the specific path length for specific phase shifting is accommodated along the Y direction instead of X axis, the signal flow path is highlighted by different color as shown in Fig. 1(b). Here the distance between two ports (along X-axis) may be fixed. The phase shift between two ports can be changed by varying the length of highlighted region of Fig. 1(b). This configuration of phase shifter makes it more attractive to use in phase shifting networks like Butler matrix array. The performance of the phase shifter would not be changed due to the implementation of bending but it could introduce some losses. The bending introduced in the structure also provides the phase shift of 90o. But the clock wise and anti clockwise bending will cancel out the phase shifts of 90 o, hence the bending would not affect the phase shift of 180o. To provide 180o phase shift at 10GHz, the required line length should be L g / 2 7.2mm as described in Exp no. 10. Design Process: 1. Define a box. 2. Assign material to box "FR-4 epoxy". ( r 4.4 & h 1.6mm ) 3. Assign a ground plane. Make the ground plane Perfect E. 4. To design the structure of phase shifter following steps need to do [i] To draw the bending, first draw a rectangle with following dimensions:
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
[ii] Need to draw a triangle in the same rectangle and then subtract that triangle from that rectangle to design the bending. To draw triangle go to Tool bar then Draw and then line
1
3
2
Draw the triangle by line by following the path shown in above Fig. Connect the points (vertices of rectangle) 1 2 3 1.
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
The highlighted region is triangle.
Anti clock wise bending
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
[iii] Now draw a line of length 3.6mm and width 3.06mm on that bending
[iv] Draw clock wise bending. Process is similar, only need to follow reverse path. 2
3
1
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
Clock wise bending
[v] Now to draw another clock wise bending, it is feasible to generate mirror image of the clock wise bending which is designed already. [vi] To do so, first select the bending. Then go to Tool bar
Edit
Duplicate Mirror
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
1st Click here
After click on Mirror, take the cursor to the vertices of clock wise bending. Indicated in the above Fig. Now click on that point and take the cursor to the opposite side, shown in Fig below. Now again click on that point.
2nd Click here
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
Mirror image of clock wise bending
Now move that mirror image of clock wise bending on the opposite side. To do so select it, go to Tool bar then Edit then Arrange then Move.
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
1. Vertices of duplicate version of clock wise bending and click on that point 2. Take the cursor here and again click on that point
After clicking on Move, take the cursor to the vertices of duplicate version of clock wise bending, now click on that point shown in above Fig and then move the bending to the opposite side, pointed in above Fig and again click on that point.
Clock wise bending
[vii] Again draw a rectangle of length 3.6 mm and width 3.06 mm.
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
[viii] Draw the anti clock wise bending. To do so one can again draw the mirror image of anti clock wise bending which is already designed.
1st Click here
After click on Mirror, take the cursor to the vertices of anti clock wise bending. Indicated in the above Fig. Now click on that point and take the cursor to the opposite side, shown in Fig below. Now again click on that point.
2nd Click here
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
Mirror image of anti clock wise bending 1
2
Now move this duplicate anti clock wise bending from point 1 to point 2. To do so select it, go to Tool bar then Edit then Arrange then Move. After clicking on Move, take the cursor to the point 1, indicated in the above Fig, click on that point and then take the cursor to point 2 also indicated in the above Fig and again click on that point. The bending will be moved to the point 2.
Anti clock wise bending
[ix] Now select all the components and unite them.
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
[x] Assign lumped port to the design. Select the XZ plane, draw a rectangle on that plane as shown below and then assign lumped port. Similarly assign lumped port on the other side of the phase shifter.
Phase shifter Port 2
Ground plane
The final design is shown below.
Port 1
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
[xi] Prepare for simulation.
Results:
Fig. 2. Phase difference between input and output ports.
Fig. 3. S-parameter characteristics of the phase shifter.
The phase shift of -166.04o and -179.9o has been obtained by the proposed phase shifter at 10GHz and 10.18GHz respectively as observed in Fig. 2. The S-parameter characteristics
By Mr. Wriddhi Bhowmik
reveal that the insertion loss (S21) of -1.43dB and -1.69dB and S11 of -9.64dB and -8.13dB have been obtained at 10GHz and 10.18GHz respectively as shown in Fig. 3. Remarks: The designed phase shifter is working properly. The value of S21 reveals that some loss has been encountered with the structure due to implementation of bending. To get 180o phase shift at 10GHz one can do some iteration with the line lengths which are responsible for phase shifting.
