Experimental and Numerical Study of Pile-to-Pile ... - ScienceDirect.com

0 downloads 0 Views 443KB Size Report
For pile groups and piled rafts in clay, the capacity of individual piles within a group ... FullYscale field tests to consider the behaviour of piled raft foundation is ...
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1030 – 1036

:RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ6\PSRVLXP :0&$86

([SHULPHQWDODQG1XPHULFDO6WXG\RI3LOHWR3LOH,QWHUDFWLRQ)DFWRU LQ6DQG\6RLO 0HKGL0RGDUUHVLD+DELE5DVRXOLD$EEDVDOL7DJKDYL*KDOHVDULE 0RKDPPDG+DVVDQ %D]LDUD b

a Iran University of Science and Technology, 1684613114, Narmak, Tehran, Iran Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 4714871167, Shariati Av., Babol, Mazandaran, Iran

$EVWUDFW ,QVWUXFWXUHVWRVXSSRUWODUJHYHUWLFDODQGKRUL]RQWDOORDGVSLOHVDUHXVXDOO\XVHGLQWKHIRUPRIFORVHO\VSDFHGJURXS7KHSLOHVLQ DJURXSDUHQRWRQO\DIIHFWHGE\WKHLULQGLYLGXDOORDGVWUDQVPLWWHGIURPWKHSLOHFDSEXWDOVRE\DGGLWLRQDOORDGVWUDQVIHUUHGWKURXJK WKHVRLOIURPWKHLQWHUIHUHQFHRIQHLJKERULQJSLOHV7KLVJURXSLQWHUDFWLRQLQIOXHQFHVWKHJURXSVWLIIQHVVORDGWUDQVIHUPHFKDQLVP DQG JURXS VHWWOHPHQW ,Q RUGHU WR SUHGLFW WKH UHVSRQVH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI SLOH JURXSV WKH LQWHUDFWLRQ IDFWRUV FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ 0LQGOLQ¶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© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 Keywords:SLOHWRSLOHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRUVRLOUHODWLYHGHQVLW\SLOHWLSFHQWULIXJHWHVWILQLWHHOHPHQWPHWKRG





&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ E-mail address:DEEDVDOLWDJKDYL#\DKRRFRP

1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.844

1031

Mehdi Modarresi et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1030 – 1036

1RPHQFODWXUH

D ij  3LOHWRSLOHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRU D 3LOHGLDPHWHU P  tp 3LOHZDOOWKLFNQHVV P  S 3LOHVSDFLQJ P  Dr 6RLOUHODWLYHGHQVLW\ D50 3DUWLFOHPHDQGLDPHWHU P  Cu 6RLOXQLIRUPLW\FRHIILFLHQW Gs 6RLOVSHFLILFJUDYLW\ emax,emin 6RLOPD[LPXPPLQLPXPYRLGUDWLR E 0RGXOXVRIHODVWLFLW\ 03D  3RLVVRQ¶VUDWLR Q J 8QLWZHLJKW N1P  c 6RLOFRKHVLRQ N3D  I 6RLOLQWHUQDOIULFWLRQDQJOH \ 6RLOGLODWDQF\DQJOH P ,QWHUIDFHIULFWLRQFRHIILFLHQW ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KHPDMRULW\RIKLJKULVHEXLOGLQJVDQGKHDY\VWUXFWXUHVDUHVXSSRUWHGE\SLOHJURXSVRUSLOHGUDIWV QRWRQO\D VLQJOHSLOH WRFDUU\WKHDSSOLHGORDGWRVWURQJHUVRLOOD\HU$OWKRXJKLWZRXOGEHKHOSIXOWRXVHDVLQJOHSLOHFDSDFLW\ DQGGHIRUPDWLRQWRSUHGLFWWKHRYHUDOOFDSDFLW\DQGVHWWOHPHQWRIDSLOHJURXSLWLVDOVRQHFHVVDU\WRWDNHLQWRDFFRXQW WKHJURXSHIIHFWV7KXVWKHSLOHWRSLOHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRU D ij IRUVWDWLFDOO\ORDGHGYHUWLFDOSLOHVZDVLQWURGXFHGE\ 3RXORV>@ZLWKUHJDUGWRWKHJURXSHIIHFWV7KHSLOHWRSLOHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRULVGHILQHGDV

Dij

GLVSODFHPHQWVRUURWDWLRQVRIDQXQORDGHGUHFHLYHUSLOH i GXHWRVRLOGHIRUPDWLRQ  GLVSODFHPHQWVRUURWDWLRQVRIQHLJKERULQJORDGHGVRXUFHSLOH j

 

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ij ZDVH[DPLQHGDQGWKHSUHGLFWHGYDOXHVZHUHFRPSDUHGZLWKWKDWIURPGLIIHUHQW DSSURDFKHV)URPWKHUHJUHVVLRQDQDO\VLVDPRGLILFDWLRQWRWKHHTXDWLRQSUHVHQWHGE\5DQGROSKDQG:URWK>@KDV EHHQPDGH

1032

Mehdi Modarresi et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1030 – 1036

([SHULPHQWDOVHWXSDQGWHVWSURFHGXUH )XOOVFDOH ILHOG WHVWV WR FRQVLGHU WKH EHKDYLRXU RI SLOHG UDIW IRXQGDWLRQ LV FRVWO\ DQG WLPHFRQVXPLQJ DQG WKXV VLPXODWLRQRILQVLWXFRQGLWLRQXVLQJPRGHOWHVWVVXFKDVFHQWULIXJHWHVWVZRXOGEHKHOSIXO7KHREVHUYDWLRQVIURPWKH PRGHOFDQEHFRQYHUWHGWRWKHSURWRW\SHVFDOHXVLQJWKHZHOONQRZQVFDOLQJIDFWRUV 2.1. Testing equipment 7KHPRGHOWHVWVZHUHFRQGXFWHGLQWKH,867JWRQJHRWHFKQLFDOFHQWULIXJHDW,UDQ8QLYHUVLW\RI6FLHQFHDQG 7HFKQRORJ\7KHPD[LPXPFDSDFLW\RIWKLVFHQWULIXJHZLWKDPUDGLXVLVNJIRUFHQWULIXJDODFFHOHUDWLRQRIJ 7KHVRLOFRQWDLQHUZDVPDGHIURP3OH[LJODVZLWKVWHHOIUDPHKDYLQJLQVLGHGLPHQVLRQVRIP u PLQSODQDQG PLQGHSWK7ZRPRGHOSLOHVZLWKWKHGLDPHWHURI D mm DQGWKHZDOOWKLFNQHVVRI t p mm PDGHRI DOXPLQLXPSLSH E  u  MPa ZHUHSODFHGDWGLIIHUHQWVSDFLQJ )LJD 7KHER[DQGPRGHOGLPHQVLRQVZHUH VHOHFWHGVXFKWKDWWKHHIIHFWVRIERXQGDU\DQGSDUWLFOHVL]HLVPLQLPL]HG7KHORDGLQJZDVDSSOLHGWRWKHSLOHVWKURXJK ZHLJKWPDVVRQWKHWRSRISLOHV7KHVHWWOHPHQWVRIVRLODQGSLOHVZHUHPHDVXUHGE\PHDQVRIWKUHH/9'7V )LJE  

 D 

F 

E 

 G 



)LJ D WHVWER[ E H[SHULPHQWDOVHWXS F *UDLQVL]HGLVWULEXWLRQRI)LURX]NRXKVDQG G )(PHVK

2.2. Test program and testing parameters 7RGHWHUPLQHWKHSLOHWRSLOHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRULQVDQGWKLUW\WKUHHFHQWULIXJHWHVWVZHUHFRQGXFWHGZLWKDQRPLQDO DFFHOHUDWLRQRIJ$VLWZLOOEHGLVFXVVHGWKHHIIHFWVRIVRLOUHODWLYHGHQVLW\ Dr  SLOHFHQWHU WRFHQWHUVSDFLQJ S  D  DQGSLOHWLSFRQGLWLRQ RSHQHQGHGRUFORVHHQGHG RQWKHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRU ZHUHLQYHVWLJDWHG)LURX]NRXKVDQGZLWKDSDUWLFOHPHDQGLDPHWHURI D mm DQGWKHXQLIRUPLW\FRHIILFLHQW RI CU  ZDVXVHGIRUDOOFHQWULIXJHWHVWV 7DEOHDQG)LJF 7KHGU\VDQGVDPSOHVZLWKDFHUWDLQUHODWLYH

1033

Mehdi Modarresi et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1030 – 1036

GHQVLW\ZHUHSUHSDUHGLQOD\HUVE\SOXYLDOGHSRVLWLRQWHFKQLTXHWRDFKLHYHHQRXJKFRPSDFWLRQ%\FRQGXFWLQJVRPH FRQWUROWHVWVWKHHIIHFWRIFHQWULIXJDODFFHOHUDWLRQRQWKHVRLOUHODWLYHGHQVLW\ZDVGHWHUPLQHGDQGWKHVHYDULDWLRQVZHUH FRQVLGHUHGLQPRGHOSUHSDUDWLRQ 7DEOH0DWHULDOSURSHUWLHV>@ 0DWHULDO

Gs

)LURX]NRXKVDQG LQ1XPHULFDOPRGHO





e PD[



e PLQ



)&  

( 03D 

3RLVVRQ¶V UDWLR Q 

J

F

N1P 

N3D 















I q 

\ q 





6DQG





















3LOH





















1XPHULFDODQDO\VLV ,Q RUGHU WR YHULI\ WKH HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI FHQWULIXJH WHVWV WKH REWDLQHG UHVXOWV ZHUH FRPSDUHG WR WKDW IURP WKUHH GLPHQVLRQDOILQLWHHOHPHQWDQDO\VLV 3.1. FE mesh and boundary condition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odelling procedure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r  DVOLJKWLQFUHDVHZDVREVHUYHG)RUYHU\FORVHRUZLGHVSDFHGSLOHVWKHHIIHFWRIVRLOUHODWLYHGHQVLW\ ZDVPLQLPL]HG)LJ E VKRZVWKHHIIHFWRISLOHWLSFRQGLWLRQRQWKHSLOHWRSLOHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRU D ij )URPWKHVH ILJXUHVLWLVIRXQGWKDWSLOHWLSFRQGLWLRQ RSHQHQGHGRUFORVHHQGHG KDVQRFRQVLGHUDEOHHIIHFWRQWKHLQWHUDFWLRQ IDFWRUHVSHFLDOO\IRUZLGHVSDFHGSLOHV

1034

Mehdi Modarresi et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1030 – 1036



 )LJ7KHHIIHFWRI D VRLOUHODWLYHGHQVLW\DQG E SLOHWLSFRQGLWLRQRQWKHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRU

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

1035

Mehdi Modarresi et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1030 – 1036

DQGE\PHDQVRIUHJUHVVLRQDQDO\VLVDPRGLILFDWLRQWRWKH5DQGROSKDQG:URWKHTXDWLRQZDVSURSRVHGWDNLQJLQWR DFFRXQWWKHHIIHFWRIVRLOUHODWLYHGHQVLW\DVDORJDULWKPLFIXQFWLRQ r Ln m S  d b  Ln D   D ij r rm S S Ln r         ZKHUH rm  L    Q LLVSLOHOHQJWK r LVWKHUDGLXVRISLOH d b LVWKHGLDPHWHURISLOHWLSSLVSLOHVSDFLQJ DQG Q LV VRLO 3RLVVRQ¶V UDWLR 7KLV HTXDWLRQ ZLWK R   DQG 560(  VKRZV D JRRG SHUIRUPDQFH LQ GHWHUPLQLQJWKHSLOHWRSLOHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRU 



 )LJ&RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHUHVXOWVIURPSUHVHQWDQDO\VLVDQGWKRVHIURP5DQGROSKDQG:URWK>@0DQGROLQLDQG9LJJLDQL>@DQG3RORDQG &OHPHQWH>@IRU D RSHQHQGHG E FORVHHQGHGSLOHV

1036

Mehdi Modarresi et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1030 – 1036

&RQFOXVLRQV %DVHGRQWKHUHVXOWVRIH[SHULPHQWDODQG')(DQDO\VHVWKHHIIHFWRIVRLOUHODWLYHGHQVLW\DQGSLOHVSDFLQJDQG SLOHWLSFRQGLWLRQRQWKHSLOHWRSLOHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRUZDVH[DPLQHGDQGWKHREWDLQHGUHVXOWVZHUHFRPSDUHGZLWKWKH H[LVWLQJPHWKRG(YHQWXDOO\DFRUUHFWLRQWRWKH5DQGROSKDQG:URWKHTXDWLRQZDVSURSRVHGZLWKJUHDWDFFXUDF\ 5HIHUHQFHV >@+*3RXORV$QDO\VLVRIWKHVHWWOHPHQWRISLOHJURXSV-*HRWHFK(QJ$6&(  ± >@.)OHPLQJ$:HOWPDQ05DQGROSK.(OVRQ3LOLQJHQJLQHHULQJWKLUGHGLWLRQ7D\ORU )UDQFLV1HZ@0)5DQGROSK&3:URWK$QDO\VLVRIYHUWLFDOGHIRUPDWLRQRISLOHJURXSV*pRWHFKQLTXH    ± >@%(O6KDUQRXE\01RYDN)OH[LELOLW\FRHIILFLHQWDQGLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRUVIRUSLOHJURXSDQDO\VLV&DQDGLDQ*HRWHFKQLFDO-RXUQDO     ± >@$0DQGROLQL&9LJJDQL6HWWOHPHQWRISLOHGIRXQGDWLRQV*pRWHFKQLTXH    ± >@-03ROR-/0&OHPHQWH3LOHJURXSVHWWOHPHQWXVLQJLQGHSHQGHQWVKDIWDQGSRLQWORDGV-*HRWHFK(QJ$6&(   >@6&:RQJ+*3RXORV$SSUR[LPDWHSLOHWRSLOHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRUVEHWZHHQWZRGLVVLPLODUSLOHV&RPSXWHUVDQG*HRWHFKQLFV   ± >@3.LWL\RGRP70DWVXPRWR56RQRGD$SSUR[LPDWHQXPHULFDODQDO\VLVRIDODUJHSLOHGUDIWIRXQGDWLRQ6RLOVDQG)RXQGDWLRQV     ± >@ &6 *RLW 0 6DLWRK * 0\ORQDNLV + .DZDNDPL + 2LNDZD 0RGHO WHVWV RQ KRUL]RQWDO SLOHWRSLOH LQWHUDFWLRQ LQFRUSRUDWLQJ ORFDO QRQ OLQHDULW\DQGUHVRQDQFHHIIHFWV6RLO'\QDPLFVDQG(DUWKTXDNH(QJLQHHULQJ  ± >@$6DHHGL$]L]NDQGL0+%D]LDU00RGDUUHVL+6DOHK]DGHK+5DVRXOL&HQWULIXJHPRGHOLQJRISLOHVRLOSLOHLQWHUDFWLRQFRQVLGHULQJ UHODWLYHGHQVLW\DQGWRHFRQGLWLRQ6FLHQWLD,UDQLFD$    ± >@*0\ORQDNLV**D]HWDV6HWWOHPHQWDQGDGGLWLRQDOLQWHUQDOIRUFHRIJURXSSLOHVLQOD\HUHGVRLO*pRWHFKQLTXH    ± >@)/LDQJ=6RQJ%(0DQDO\VLVRIWKHLQWHUDFWLRQIDFWRUIRUYHUWLFDOO\ORDGHGGLVVLPLODUSLOHVLQVDWXUDWHGSRURHODVWLFVRLO&RPSXWHUVDQG *HRWHFKQLFV  ± >@$7DJKDYL*KDOHVDUL$%DUDUL3)DUGDG$PLQL/%,EVHQ'HYHORSPHQWRIRSWLPXPGHVLJQIURPVWDWLFUHVSRQVHRISLOH±UDIWLQWHUDFWLRQ -RXUQDORI0DULQH6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\    ± >@$(.DPSLWVLV6*LDQQDNRV1*HURO\PRV(-6DSRXQW]DNLV6RLO±SLOHLQWHUDFWLRQFRQVLGHULQJVWUXFWXUDO\LHOGLQJ1XPHULFDOPRGHOLQJ DQGH[SHULPHQWDOYDOLGDWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ6WUXFWXUHV  ± >@ $ 7DJKDYL *KDOHVDUL + 5DVRXOL 7KH HIIHFW RI JUDYHO OD\HU RQ WKH EHKDYLRU RI SLOHG UDIW IRXQGDWLRQV $GYDQFHV LQ 6RLO '\QDPLFV DQG )RXQGDWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ*63  ± >@6+HVDPL6$KPDGL$7DJKDYL*KDOHVDUL1XPHULFDOPRGHOLQJRIWUDLQLQGXFHGYLEUDWLRQRIQHDUE\PXOWLVWRU\EXLOGLQJ$FDVHVWXG\ .6&(-RXUQDORI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ  '2,V >@$%DUDUL/%,EVHQ$7DJKDYL*KDOHVDUL.$/DUVHQ(PEHGPHQWHIIHFWVRQWKHYHUWLFDOEHDULQJFDSDFLW\RIRIIVKRUHEXFNHWIRXQGDWLRQV RQFRKHVLRQOHVV6RLO,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI*HRPHFKDQLFV  ,QSUHVV