Experimental Study on Effects of Glass Powder in ...

ISSN No: 2348-4845

International Journal & Magazine of Engineering, Technology, Management and Research A Peer Reviewed Open Access International Journal

Experimental Study on Effects of Glass Powder in Concrete Kakarla chandrakala

Post Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Science, Kadapa.

ABSTRACT: Glass fibres concrete is distinguished from plain concrete by its ability to absorb large amount of energy and to with stand large deformations prior to failure. The preceding characteristics are referred to as toughness. Flexural toughness can be measured by taking the useful area under the load-deflection curve in flexure .Detailed experimental investigation was carried out to determine flexural toughness and toughness indices of Glass powder in variables used in the investigation were glass fiber percentage by volume .The aim of this project is to present the findings of the investigation and equations obtained for predicting the desired flexural toughness and in turn the toughness indices for These equations are dependent on the ultimate flexural strength, first crack multiple deflections, and concrete specimen size. They are independent of the concrete matrix composition. The concrete industry, which uses vast amounts of energy and natural resources and contributes to generation of CO2, can improve its record with an increased reliance on recycled materials and in particular by replacing larges percentages of Portland cement by byproducts of industrial processes. Substitution of waste materials will conserve resources, and will avoid environmental and ecological damages. But let us now all work together to keep our planet livable.

Keywords:

Concrete, Glass Powder, Fine aggregate, Coarse aggregate.

1.Introduction: The environmental aspects involved in the production of and use of cement, concrete and other building materials are of growing importance.

Volume No: 2 (2015), Issue No: 3 (March) www.ijmetmr.com

Dr .P. Srichandana, Ph.D

HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, Annamacharya institute of Technology and Science, Kadapa. Producing one tone of cement results in the emission of .9 tons of CO2 .SO2 emissions is also very high, but it is dependent on the type of fuel used. Energy consumption is also very high at 90-150KW/Ton of cement produced. It is also costly to erect new cement plants. Substation of waste materials will conserve resources and will avoid environment and ecological damages caused by quarrying and exploitation of the raw materials for making concreteWhile the developed, industrialized countries are called up on to reduce pollution of the environment and their share of the usage of the world’s resources, including energy, the developing countries need to avoid the mistakes of the past. This problem is particularly acute, since cement production as well as fly ash generation in China and India are expected to increase significantly in the next few decades. There is an increasing demand for concrete worldwide, estimated to double within the next 30 years. This demand can be met without a corresponding increase in the GREENHOUSE gases by using supplementary cementitious materials to replace a maximum amount of the cement in concrete; we can reduce energy and resource consumption, reduce CO2 emissions and reduce the negative environmental impact. There is a further environmental benefit is that most commonly used supplementary cementitious materials (such as glass, fly ash, silica fume, hypo sludge) are waste products and would otherwise end in landfills.

In solid waste disposal, collection and disposal of waste creates a lot of problems. Approximately 13 million tons of glass wastes are generated annually. Food and beverage containers make up over 90% of this amount; the remaining 10% comes from products like cookware and glassware, home furnishings, and plate glass. March 2015 Page 383

ISSN No: 2348-4845


In order to reduce the disposal and pollution problems emanating from these industrial wastes, it is most essential to develop profitable to develop materials from them.Partial replacement of cement can be made by glass, silica fumes, fly ash and natural rock minerals. Partial replacement by natural rock minerals that require little or no processing, saves energy, and decreases emission of gases. The output of waste materials suitable as cement replacement (fly ash, silica fumes, glass, etc.,) is more than double that of cement production

2.Experimental Program: Materials Used: Cement: The cement used was Ordinary Portland cement (53grade) conforming to IS:12269-1987 with a specific gravity of 3.15. Initial and final setting times of the cement were 20 min and 265 min, respectively.

3.Mix Design: Glass is one of the most commonly used materials for many purposes. When the glass becomes a waste in the garbage, it creates a lot of problems for disposing it. Even though a lot of glass is recycled, some part of glass which is broken or in small pieces cannot be recycled. Glass contains maximum amount of silica and minimum amounts of calcium oxide. When the glass is made into fine powder it shows some pozzolanic properties. This silica helps in improving the setting time of the concrete.

Table 1: Properties of Glass Powder: Table 2: Comparison of Cement and Glass Powder: 4.Mixing, Compaction, Preparation of Spicemen and curing:

Fine Aggregate: The sand used for experimental program was locally procured and conforming to zone II. The sand was first sieved through 4.75 mm sieve to remove any particles greater than 4.75mm. The fine aggregrates were tested as per Indian Standard Specifications IS:383-1970. The bulk density of sand was found out to be 1.6 g/cm3 and the specific gravity was found to be 2.6.

Coarse Aggregate: The natural broken stone (coarse aggregate) used for the study was of 20mm size maximum. The size of Aggregates bigger than 4.75mm.

Glass powder: Glass is one of the most commonly used materials for many purposes. When the glass becomes a waste in the garbage, it creates a lot of problems for disposing it. Even though a lot of glass is recycled, some part of glass which is broken or in small pieces cannot be recycled. Glass contains maximum amount of silica and minimum amounts of calcium oxide. When the glass is made into fine powder it shows some pozzolanic properties. This silica helps in improving the setting time of the concrete.


To fully develop its excellent long-term durability properties, Ecosmart concrete, like any type of concrete, needs adequate curing. The importance of applying wet curing or curing compounds for sections or elements made of Ecosmart concrete that are subjected

March 2015 Page 384

ISSN No: 2348-4845


to more severe environmental conditions should not be under estimated. To achieve proper curing on a project, the contractor should be required to submit and follow a plan for protection and curing of Ecosmart concrete, and the quality control on curing should be increased.

6.Results and Discussion: Table 3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CUBES AT 28 DAYS: Table 4 FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE AT 28 DAYS:

There is an increasing demand for concrete worldwide, estimated to double within the next 30 years. By using Supplementary Cementing Materials (SCMs) to replace a maximum amount of the cement in concrete, we can reduce energy and resource consumption, reduce CO2 emissions, and lessen the negative environmental impact. There is a further environmental benefit is that most commonly used SCMs (such as fly ash, Glass powder, silica fume) are waste products and would otherwise end up in landfills.

Table 5 TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE AT 28 DAYS:

5.Test Methods: The cubes of 150x150x150 mm size and cylinders of 150mm dia.300mm height were tested for compression,and split Tensile.Tests were done as per codes of Bureau of Indian Standards. The test for Compresive Strength on cubes were measured at 7and 28days of curing.


March 2015 Page 385

ISSN No: 2348-4845


Substitution of waste materials will conserve resources, and will avoid environmental and ecological damages. But let us now all work together to keep our planet livable.

8. Future Study:

7.Conclusion: Based on experimental investigation on the “strength of concrete” and considering the “environmental aspects” the following observations are made regarding the resistance of partially replaced hypo sludge. From the observation of graphs of compressive strength of concrete, replacement of cement with the glass powder material provides maximum compressive strength at 20% replacement. Environmental effects can be minimized and the usage of cement can be minimized through this project.It is observed that the density of glass powder concrete is less compared to that of normal concrete. Therefore glass powder concrete can be used as lightweight concrete. Use of super plasticizer was found necessary to maintain workability with restricted water cement ratio. Considering the strength criteria, the replacement of cement by glass powder is feasible.It is recommended that the utilization of waste glass powder in concrete as cement replacement is possibleThis material can be used for construction of temporary shelters during natural calamities. More important is that the concept of Green Building and sustainable development principles, which will modify the whole picture in favor of the environment. Advances in concrete research have demonstrated that it is possible to coordinate these two developments, thereby minimizing the need for vast additional cement production capacity and creating that balancing act of sustainable development on a global scale.he concrete industry, which uses vast amounts of energy and natural resources and contributes to generation of CO2, can improve its record with an increased Treliance on recycled materials and in particular by replacing larges percentages of Portland cement by byproducts of industrial processes.


More important is that the concept of Green Building and sustainable development principles, which will modify the whole picture in favor of the environment. Advances in concrete research have demonstrated that it is possible to coordinate these two developments, thereby minimizing the need for vast additional cement production capacity and creating that balancing act of sustainable development on a global scale.

REFERENCES: 1. Suryavanshi, C.S., “Use of industrial and domestic waste in concrete”. Civil Engineering and Construction Review, 26 (February 1999). 2. Cement and Concrete: Environmental Considerationsfrom EBN (Environmental Building News)Volume 2, No. 2 - March/April 1993. 3.EcoSmart concrete Seminar held in two cities in the United Arab Emirates – October 22, 2007 in Abu Dhabi and October 24, 2007 in Dubai. 4.Gambhir.M.L.,“concrete technology”, 3rd edition ,the Tata McGraw Hill Publishers, 2007. 5.Hemant.S, Mittal L.N, Kulkarni.P.D, “Laboratory manual on concrete technology”, CBS Publications, 2005. 6.Krishna Raju.N, “Design of concrete mixes” 4th edition, CBS Publishers, 2002. 7.Malhotra, V.M., “Role of Supplementary Cementing Materials in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions”, Concrete Technology for a Sustainable Development in the 21st Century, London, 2000. 8.Mehta P.K. “Greening of the Concrete Industry for Sustainable Development”, Concrete International, July 2002.

March 2015 Page 386

ISSN No: 2348-4845


9.Mehta,P.K.,“Reducing the Environmental Impact of Concrete”Concrete International, October 2001, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 61-66.

About Author’s:

10.Santhakumar,A.R.,“Concrete technology” 3rd edition, oxford university publishers, 2009. 11.Shetty, M.S., “concrete technology”, first multi color edition, Schand publications, 2005. 12.“Supplementary Cementitious Materials”, Journal, September /October 2004.

Kakarla chandrakala

Post Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Science, Kadapa.

Dr .P. Srichandana, Ph.D

HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, Annamacharya institute of Technology and Science, Kadapa.


March 2015 Page 387