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ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings 3 (2016) 3055–3063
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ARRMA-2016
Fabrication of Tungsten & Tungsten Alloy and its High Heat Load Testing for Fusion Applications S. Kanparaa,*, S. Khirwadkara, S. Belsarea, K. Bhopea, R. Swamya, Y. Patila, P. Mokariyaa, N. Patela, T. Patela, K. Galodiyaa a
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
Abstract Pure Tungsten (W) & Tungsten-lanthanum oxide (WL) were fabricated using Direct Sintering Press. W & WL found to be very good thermo-mechanical properties with higher densification desired for Plasma Facing Material. Both materials were subjected to transient high heat load conditions relevant to the ITER-like Divertor to study the material behavior using high heat flux test facility with electron beam heat source. Surface heat load of 1.0–3.14 MJ/m2 energy density applied on W & WL with pulse duration of 20 ms. The crack formations and surface modification behaviors of material under high heat load were investigated with detailed characterization. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of Conference Committee Members of Advances in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Alloys (ARRMA-2016). Keywords: Tungsten; Tungsten lanthanum oxide; High heat load; Plasma facing materials
1. Introduction In the recent years, a substantial part of the fusion research has been focused on the development of new materials and technologies for fusion environment in ITER like tokamak. Refractory material such as tungsten holds promising properties for the high heat load applications in next generation nuclear fusion power plants. Tungsten is an excellent high temperature structural material applied in extremely high-temperature environments because of its
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +91-79-2328-1065; fax: +91-79-2396-2277. E-mail address:
[email protected] 2214-7853 © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of Conference Committee Members of Advances in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Alloys (ARRMA-2016).
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attractive properties, such as highest melting point (3410 °C) amongst all metal elements, high strength at elevated temperature, low sputtering yield, good thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Tungsten is considered as a plasma facing material (PFM) in some existing tokamaks and in the next generation fusion devices [1-5]. During plasma operation, the PFMs are exposed to the intense thermal loads. Beside quasi-stationary heat load (
