Professional Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE). Foundation degree. Other undergraduate qualifications (incl HND).
HIGHER EDUCATION IN
FACTS AND FIGURES 2016
2
HIGHLIGHTS
Facts and figures 2016
22% of 18-year-olds from the areas of lowest higher education participation in England have applied to university in 2016 as compared to 12% ten years ago.
In 2014–15, £1.25 billion worth of income for institutions came from collaborative research.
13% of undergraduate students, 38% of postgraduate students and 28% of academic staff are from outside the UK.
16% of research and development funding received by UK universities in 2014–15 came from overseas sources – the majority (£0.8 billion) from within the EU.
In 2015, the unemployment rate of graduates was half that of non-graduates (3.1% versus 6.4%).
For further information: Tel: +44 (0)20 7419 4111 Visit: www.universitiesuk.ac.uk Email:
[email protected]
STUDENTS
18-year-old application rates to full-time first degree study in the UK, 2006 to 2016 Application rates to full-time first degree study for the most disadvantaged 18-year-olds, 2006 to 2016
5 6
7
Full-time and part-time higher education students by level of study at UK higher education providers, 2014–15
8
Higher education students by domicile and level of study, 2014–15
9
Students by subject area at UK higher education providers, 2014–15
10
Income from non-EU domiciled students and non-EU domiciled student numbers, 2003–04 to 2014–15
14
National Student Survey, 2008 to 2016
15
Qualifications awarded at UK higher education providers, 2014–15
16
Destinations of leavers by level of qualification, 2014–15
17
Unemployment rates and median salaries in the UK by group (2015)
18
STAFF Staff by nationality and contract level, 2014–15
19
Qualifications obtained by subject area, 2014–15 11
Academic staff in UK higher education providers by nationality and sex, 2014–15
20
Home country of international students at UK higher education providers, 2014–15
Staff salaries at UK higher education providers, 2014–15
21
12
Home country of European Economic Area students at UK higher education providers, 2014–15 13
Facts and figures 2016
Students at higher education providers in the UK by country of provider, 2013–14 to 2014–15
3
4
FINANCE
ANNEXE
Facts and figures 2016
Public expenditure on higher education as a percentage of GDP (2012)
22
Income and size of UK higher education providers, 2013–14 and 2014–15
23
Income and expenditure of UK higher education providers, 2014–15
24
RESEARCH AND INNOVATION Knowledge exchange income by type of activity for higher education providers, 2005–06 to 2014–15
25
Research and development funding received by UK higher education providers, 2014–15
26
Government-financed gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a proportion of GDP, 2007 to 2014
27
Glossary
28
Sources
30
STUDENTS AT HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS IN THE UK BY COUNTRY OF PROVIDER, 2013–14 TO 2014–15
Scotland 232,570 TOTAL +2.4% FULL-TIME -3.8% PART-TIME 19 PROVIDERS
0.8%
Northern Ireland
Students
In 2014 there was a continuing decrease in part-time students in all four UK nations, while there were small decreases in numbers of full-time students at English and Welsh providers.
5
0.1%
England
56,445 TOTAL +2.1% FULL-TIME -3.8% PART-TIME 5 PROVIDERS
-1.6% Wales
132,965 TOTAL -2.3% FULL-TIME -4.6% PART-TIME 10 PROVIDERS
-3.0%
1,844,095 TOTAL -0.1% FULL-TIME -6.1% PART-TIME 131 PROVIDERS
18-YEAR-OLD APPLICATION RATES TO FULL-TIME FIRST DEGREE STUDY IN THE UK, 2006 TO 2016
Students
18-year-olds in all UK nations are more likely than ever to apply to university.
50
48%
45 Application rate (%)
6
40
37%
35
33%
30
32%
25 20 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Year England
Northern Ireland
Wales
Scotland
2014
2015
2016
APPLICATION RATES TO FULL-TIME FIRST DEGREE STUDY FOR THE MOST DISADVANTAGED 18-YEAR-OLDS, 2006 TO 2016
7
England
Northern Ireland
Wales
Scotland
POLAR3 method is used for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, while SIMD is used for Scotland. Therefore, they are not directly comparable. Application rates reported for Scotland are lower, as a substantial section of Scottish providers do not use UCAS.
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
5
0
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
5
2009
10
10
2008
20%
15
2007
20
16% 15
2006
22%
Application rate (%)
25
0
20
24%
2006
Application rate (%)
30
Students
18-year-olds from the areas of lowest higher education participation from England, Wales and Scotland have never been more likely to apply to university.
8
FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS BY LEVEL OF STUDY AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15
Students
Part-time students make up about a quarter of all postgraduate research students, a fifth of all undergraduate students, and half of all postgraduate taught students. Undergraduate 1,727,895
Postgraduate taught 425,270
Postgraduate research 112,910
Total 2,266,075 25.1%
19.5% 47.9% 25.9%
74.1% 52.1%
74.9%
80.5%
Full-time
Part-time
HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS BY DOMICILE AND LEVEL OF STUDY, 2014–15
9
1,495,750
153,745
Undergraduate
78,345
269,070
124,610
Postgraduate taught
64,375 33,655
31,360
Postgraduate research
14,870 0
500,000 UK
EU
Non-EU
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
Students
13% of undergraduate students and 38% of postgraduate students are from outside the UK.
STUDENTS BY SUBJECT AREA AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15
350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000
y
ne M as d y su s co bj ec m m un ts ic at io Ar n ch Ag ite ric ct M ul u re at tu he re m & at ve t s ics ci en ce s
bi
Co
in ic ed
m
e
&
de
nt
is tr
or
w
Hi
g
M Undergraduate male
st
La
s
tin pu
m Co
s
ce
ls ci
en
g
ge ua
ng Ph
ys
La
ic a
n io En g
in
ee
rin
n
at
si g
uc
de
Ed
an
d
s ce
st u
al
Ar
ts
ci
Undergraduate female
di es
ts ic og
Bi
ol
So
al
sc
ie n
ec bj
su d
al lie
Bu
si
ne
ss
0
lth
Students
The most popular subjects for male undergraduate students are business, engineering and biological sciences, and for female undergraduate students are health allied subjects, business and biological sciences.
He a
10
Postgraduate female
Postgraduate male
QUALIFICATIONS OBTAINED BY SUBJECT AREA, 2014–15
11
Students
In 2014–15, the subject areas where a high percentage of postgraduate qualifications were obtained include education (57%), business (47%), medicine and dentistry (45%), and architecture (43%). Business & administrative studies Subjects allied to medicine Education Social studies Biological sciences Creative arts & design Engineering & technology Languages Law Physical sciences Computer sciences Historical & philosophical studies Medicine & dentistry Mass communications & documentation Architecture, building & planning Mathematical sciences Agriculture & related subjects Veterinary sciences 0% First degree
10%
20%
30%
40%
Professional Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE)
Other undergraduate qualifications (incl HND) Other postgraduate qualifications
50%
60%
Foundation degree
Postgraduate Certificate in Education
Other higher degree
Doctorate
70%
80%
90%
100%
12
HOME COUNTRY OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15
Students
Students from Europe accounted for 33% of all international students, while 20.5% were from China and 4.2% from India. Between 2013–14 and 2014–15 there was a decrease in the number of students from India by 7.2%, and an increase from South America by 12.9%.
North America 1.0% 27,610
EU -0.6% 124,575
6.3%
4.5% 4.6% 28.5%
South America 12.9% 5,995
19.3% 6.5%
8.0% up to 1% 1–5% 5–10% 10–20% 20–30%
1.4%
Legend % of total non-UK domiciled students at UK HEPs % change from last year Total students 2014–15
Other Europe 2.0% 19,920
Africa -0.1% 35,070
Rest of Asia -0.5% 84,460
20.5% 4.2%
Middle East 3.7% 28,525
0.6% India -7.2% 18,320
China 1.9% 89,540
Australasia -0.6% 2,565
HOME COUNTRY OF EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA (EEA) STUDENTS AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15
13
Country
2014–15
% change from 2013–14 to 2014–15
Country
2014–15
% change from 2013–14 to 2014–15
Germany
13,675
France
11,955
-2.7%
Portugal
2,730
7.9%
4.0%
Finland
1,895
Ireland
0.5%
10,905
-5.1%
Austria
1,880
5.3%
Italy
10,525
10.2%
Hungary
1,685
15.0%
Greece
10,130
-5.1%
Latvia
1,530
-16.8%
Cyprus (EU)
9,745
-5.3%
Slovakia
1,415
0.7%
Spain
7,040
6.9%
Czech Republic
1,405
6.8%
Romania
6,590
1.2%
Denmark
1,360
-4.6%
Bulgaria
6,255
-1.6%
Luxembourg
1,100
2.8%
Norway
5,475
4.9%
Estonia
1,075
-8.5%
Poland
5,245
0.9%
Malta
895
-8.7%
Lithuania
4,340
-10.8%
Slovenia
370
2.8%
Netherlands
3,390
1.5%
Croatia
355
39.2%
Switzerland
3,190
2.9%
Iceland
225
7.1%
Sweden
3,095
-4.2%
Liechtenstein
20
33.3%
Belgium
2,925
0.9%
Students
In 2014–15 there were 133,485 students from the EEA studying in UK universities, equating to 5.9% of the entire student body.
INCOME FROM NON-EU DOMICILED STUDENTS AND NON-EU DOMICILED STUDENT NUMBERS, 2003–04 TO 2014–15
350,000
5.0 4.5
300,000
4.0 250,000
3.5 3.0
200,000
2.5 150,000
2.0 1.5
100,000
1.0 50,000
0.5 0
08
7– 00
2
09
20
– 08
20
11
10
– 09
0– 01
2
12
1– 01
2
14
13
– 12 20
2
3– 01
15
2
Year Real tuition fee income from non-EU students (£bn)
Note: Base year 2014–15 prices.
4– 01
Total non-EU domiciled students
0
Total non-EU domiciled students
Students
Higher education providers received £4.2 billion in tuition fees from 312,000 registered international students in 2014–15. Real tuition fee income from non-EU students (£bn)
14
NATIONAL STUDENT SURVEY, 2008 TO 2016
15
Students
Overall student satisfaction at UK providers has remained at a record level of 86% since 2014, an increase of four percentage points compared to 2008. In 2016, satisfaction with teaching on the course was 87%, assessment and feedback 74%, and academic support 82%. Satisfaction with academic support has increased by eight percentage points since 2008.
Level of satisfaction (%)
90 85 80 75 70 65 60 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
The teaching on my course
Overall satisfaction
Academic support
Assessment and feedback
2013
2014
2015
Learning resources
2016
16
QUALIFICATIONS AWARDED AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15
Students
53% of all qualifications awarded in 2014–15 were for undergraduate first degrees, 12% were for other types of undergraduate degrees, and 35% were for postgraduate degrees. Undergraduate Mode of study
Postgraduate
First degree
Other undergraduate
Foundation degree
Postgraduate taught
PGCE
Postgraduate research
20,255
22,015
1,055
4,625
Full-time
38,910
10,365 143,495
358,355 Part-time
6,515
37,225
32,040
Total
395,580
70,950
16,875
213,650
21,310
26,640
% of total
53.1%
9.5%
2.3%
28.7%
2.9%
3.6%
70,155
DESTINATIONS OF LEAVERS BY LEVEL OF QUALIFICATION, 2014–15
17
81.6%
4.3% 6.2% 3.6% 4.3%
Postgraduate
70.3%
5.1% 14.0%
4.9% 5.7%
First degree
56.3%
12.9%
22.7%
4.2% 3.9%
Other undergraduate
0
40
20 Work
Work and study
Study
Other
60
80
Unemployed and looking for work
100
Students
Six months after graduation, 92% of postgraduates and other undergraduates, and 89% of first degree students were working or pursuing further study.
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES AND MEDIAN SALARIES IN THE UK BY GROUP (2015)
40,000
20% 18%
35,000
16%
30,000
14%
25,000
12%
20,000
10% 8%
15,000
6%
10,000
4%
5,000
2% 0%
0
Postgraduate
Graduate
Non-graduate
Young unemployment rate (21–30 year olds)
Unemployment rate (16–64 year olds)
Young median salary (21–30 year olds)
Median salary (16–64 year olds)
Median salary (£)
Students
In 2015, the unemployment rate of graduates was half that of non-graduates. The median salary for graduates was a third higher than for non-graduates among those aged 21–30, and 43% higher for those aged 16–64.
Unemployment rates (%)
18
STAFF BY NATIONALITY AND CONTRACT LEVEL, 2014–15
19
EU and international staff make up 7% of senior management, and 25% of senior lecturers, professionals and researchers.
13.6%
12.1%
80%
10.1%
8.4%
70%
76.3%
90%
5.6% 90.9%
8.1% 6.1% 85.8%
3.5%
79.5%
4.1%
10.7%
92.9%
7.1% 82.1%
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
t em
en
so rs
ag an m io r Se n
Ta sk
Pr of es
pr ov id
er
s
f st af Ad m
in
ad le m Te a
Se
ni
or l
ec t
ur
er
er
s
s
0%
UK
Other non-European Union countries
Staff
100%
EEA
Note: Each column contains a number of job titles, which can be found in the online version of this publication.
3.0%
20
ACADEMIC STAFF IN UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS BY NATIONALITY AND SEX, 2014–15
Staff
16% of academic staff at UK higher education providers are from EU countries, while 12% are from non-EU countries, and 72% are from the UK. 7% 5% 9%
32% Female UK staff Male UK staff
8%
Female EU staff Male EU staff Female non-EU staff Male non-EU staff
39%
STAFF SALARIES AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15
21
60,000
Staff
54% of the total higher education workforce is female, and accounts for two thirds of those earning under £24,057 per annum. In contrast, men make up 46% of the total higher education workforce and account for 70% of those earning over £58,172 per annum.
Percentage of employees from total
50,000
19%
22%
30,000 20,000 10,000
27%
to
+ ,1 72
3, 3
25
£5 8
£5 8,
17 2
,3 25
32%
£4
77
to
£4 3
,2 77
Male non-academic
£3 2, 2
£2 4, 0
57
to
£3 2
,0 57 £2 4 to
£1 8, 03 1
to
£1 8
,0 31
0
Up
Staff
40,000
Male academic
Female non-academic
Female academic
22
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON HIGHER EDUCATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP (2012)
Finance
In 2012 the UK’s public spending on higher education was 1.2% of total GDP – a lower proportion than many competitor countries including the United States, Canada, Finland, France and Germany. Country
Total expenditure in %
Country
Total expenditure in %
Finland
1.78 1.74 1.58 1.51 1.47 1.41 1.41 1.40 1.37 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.20 1.18 1.06
Chile
1.04 1.03 1.03 1.01 0.97 0.96 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.80 0.67 0.55 0.53 0.45
Austria Norway Sweden Canada United States Estonia Belgium Netherlands France Switzerland Germany Slovenia Turkey New Zealand Czech Republic United Kingdom Poland Iceland
Latvia Ireland Spain Mexico Slovak Republic Portugal Brazil Colombia Israel Russian Federation Australia Korea Italy Hungary South Africa Indonesia Japan Luxembourg
INCOME AND SIZE OF UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2013–14 AND 2014–15
23
Less than £10m
Less than 1,000
£10–20m
1,000 to 5,000 5,000 to 10,000 Number of students
£20–50m Income (£)
Finance
One third of all UK higher education providers have an annual income of up to £100m, and two thirds of providers have an annual income above £100m.
£50–100m £100–200m £200–500m
10,000 to 15,000 15,000 to 20,000 20,000 to 25,000 25,000 to 30,000
£500–1000m
30,000 to 50,000
More than £1bn
50,000 to 200,000 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
Total income 2013–14
Number of students 2013–14
Total income 2014–15
Number of students 2014–15
24
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15
Finance
In total, tuition fees made up 44% of provider income. Within that 44%, the highest proportion came from full-time UK and EU students. Total income £33.2 billion
Total expenditure £31.2 billion
10%
6%
1%
21%
1% 38%
55%
8% 44% 16%
Teaching – UK government
Teaching – fees
Staff costs
Other operating expenses
Research – UK government
Research – other
Depreciation
Endowment
Other income
Interest and other finance costs
KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE INCOME BY TYPE OF ACTIVITY FOR HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2005–06 TO 2014–15
Research and innovation
In 2014–15, income from collaborative research accounted for 30% of the sources of income shown below. 1,400,000 1,200,000
Income (₤)
1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11
25
2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15
Income from collaborative research
Contract research
Courses for businesses and the community
Facilities and equipment related services
Intellectual property revenues
Regeneration and development programmes
Consultancy contracts
26
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDING RECEIVED BY UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15
Research and innovation
16% of research and development funding received by UK providers came from overseas sources – the majority (68%) from within the EU. 5% 11%
13%
4%
1%
66%
Research funding from EU sources increased by
Research funding from non-EU sources increased by
from 2013–14.
in the same period.
5.9%
3.6%
UK government*
EU sources
UK business
Non-EU sources
UK charities
Other sources
*Note: UK government includes RDEC funding, a one-off funding amount, which therefore increases research and total income for 2014–15 only. For more information please see the glossary and online version of this publication.
GOVERNMENT-FINANCED GROSS DOMESTIC EXPENDITURE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AS A PROPORTION OF GDP, 2007 TO 2014
27
Research and innovation
UK government spending on research and development is consistently below the OECD average as a proportion of GDP. 1.0%
Govt-financed GERD as % of GDP
0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Year United Kingdom EU28
United States
Germany
France
OECD
Japan
Canada
Italy
China
28
GLOSSARY
Annexe
Application rate The number of applicants divided by the estimated base population. DLHE The Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education (DLHE) survey asks leavers from higher education what they are doing six months after graduation. About three quarters of leavers complete the survey. Domicile A student’s permanent country of residence. EEA The European Economic Area (EEA) is the 28 EU countries plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. Entry rate The number of acceptances for entry to start higher education divided by the estimated base population.
First degree A three- or four-year undergraduate higher education course taken after finishing further education, generally resulting in a bachelor’s degree. GDP Gross domestic product: monetary measure of the value of all final goods and services produced in a period. GERD Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) is the total spending on research and development performed within a country during a given period. HE-BCI Higher Education-Business and Community Interaction Survey. HEFCE The Higher Education Funding Council for England funds and regulates universities and colleges in England.
29
HESA Higher Education Statistics Agency
POLAR3 Participation of Local Areas (POLAR) is a widening participation measure which classifies local areas or ‘wards’ into five groups, based on the proportion of 18-year-olds who enter higher education aged 18 or 19 years old. These groups range from quintile 1 areas, with the lowest young participation (most disadvantaged), up to quintile 5 areas with the highest rates (most advantaged).
Mode of study Whether a student studies full or part-time.
RDEC Research and Development Expenditure Credit
NSS National Student Survey
SIMD Scottish index of multiple deprivation. SIMD ranks small geographical areas in Scotland by their relative level of deprivation across a range of measures. Data used in this publication refers to 18-year-olds from the most disadvantaged SIMD quintile.
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Other undergraduate Undergraduate degrees which are not first degrees, including foundation degrees and Higher National Diplomas.
Annexe
HEP Higher education provider. This publication covers organisations that deliver higher education and receive government funding, plus The University of Buckingham. It excludes alternative providers and further education colleges.
30
SOURCES P.5
HESA Student Record [2014–15]*
p.21 HESA Staff Record [2014–15]*
Annexe
P.6 UCAS, 2016
p.22 OECD Education at a Glance (2015)
P.7
P.8 HESA Student Record [2014–15]*
p.23 HESA Finance Record and Student Record [multiple years]
P.9 HESA Student Record [2014–15]*
p.24 HESA Finance Record [2014–15]*
P.10 HESA Student Record [2014–15]*
p.25 HESA HE-BCI Record [2014–15]*
P.11 HESA Student Record [2014–15]*
p.26 HESA Finance Record [2014–15]*
P.12 HESA Student Record [2014–15]*
p.27 OECD (2016) Main Science and Technology Indicators *Copyright Higher Education Statistics Agency Limited
UCAS, 2016
P.13 HESA Student Record [2014-15]* P.14 HESA Finance and Student Record (multiple years) and BIS GDP deflators series, 2016 P.15 National Student Survey (NSS), 2016 P.16 HESA (2016) Statistical First Release 224 P.17 HESA Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education (DLHE) [2014–15]* P.18 BIS (2016) Graduate Labour Statistics P.19 HESA Staff Record [2014–15]* P.20 HESA Staff Record [2014–15]*
All data and further information on sources can be found on our website: www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/facts-and-figures Neither the Higher Education Statistics Agency Limited nor HESA Services Limited can accept responsibility for any inferences or conclusions derived by third parties from data or other information obtained from Heidi Plus.
UNIVERSITIES UK Universities UK is the representative organisation for the UK’s universities. Founded in 1918, our mission is to be the voice of universities in the UK, providing high quality leadership and support to our members to promote a successful and diverse higher education sector. With 135 members and offices in London, Cardiff (Universities Wales) and Edinburgh (Universities Scotland), we promote the strength and success of UK universities nationally and internationally. Woburn House, 20 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9HQ Tel: +44 (0)20 7419 4111 Email:
[email protected] Web: www.universitiesuk.ac.uk Twitter: @UniversitiesUK ISBN 978-1-84036-364-7 August 2016