Fascin and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - Wiley Online Library

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Jul 20, 2017 - Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant subtype of esophageal cancer and accounts for the vast majority of casesΒ ...
Received: 5 June 2017

Accepted: 20 July 2017

DOI: 10.1002/pro6.22

REVIEW

Fascin and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Yinwei Cheng1,2 Zepeng Du1,4 Xiu-e Xu1,2

Feng Pan1,3 Liandi Liao1,2

Yuhui Peng1,7 Junhui Fu6

Jianjun Xie1,3

Famin Zeng1,3

Jianyi Wu1,3 Yangmin Xie1,5

Yiwei Xu1,7

Lei Xie1,3

Lihua Tao1,2

Bingli Wu1,3

Pixian Zhang1,3

Jian Shen1,2

Wenming Xie1,8

Chunpeng Zheng6

Pingjuan Nie1,3

Zhiyong Wu6

Shaohong Wang4 Wangkai Fang1,3

Xuanhao Lin4 Liyan Xu1,2 βˆ—

Enmin Li1,3 1 The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China 2 Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China 4 Departments of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China 5 Laboratory Animal Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China 6 Departments of Oncology Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China 7 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China 8 Medical Bioinformatics Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China

Correspondence Enmin Li, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China. Email: [email protected] Funding Information Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Key Fund, Grant Numbers U1301227 and U0932001; National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant Numbers 81472613 and 81172264 βˆ— Additional correspondence

Liyan Xu Email: [email protected]

Abstract In a cancer prevalence survey, China was recognized to have a high incidence of esophageal cancer. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant subtype of esophageal cancer and accounts for the vast majority of cases every year. ESCC cases in China contribute toward nearly half of all new global cases each year. As one of the higher ESCC prevalence regions in China, the Chaoshan District of Guangdong Province is the only area on the Chinese coastline with such a distinguished profile. Our laboratory, which is located in the Chaoshan District, studies the biological function, molecular basis, regulation mechanisms, and clinical significance of abnormally expressed cellular cytoskeleton binding proteins in ESCC, such as ezrin, fascin, LCN2, LOXL2, and DSC2. In the present review, we summarized studies on fascin in ESCC reported by our laboratory and other laboratories around the world. In ESCC, fascin expression is highly upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels, and can serve as an early biomarker for tumor invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, fascin transcription is directly activated through Sp1 binding to its promoter; this process is enhanced through the phosphorylation of Sp1 by the epidermal grown factoractivated Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (MEK)-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the function of fascin is also regulated by posttranslational modifications. For instance, the phosphorylation of several amino acid residues of fascin inhibits ESCC cell behavior and filopodia formation. However, whether other types of fascin modifications exist remains unknown and requires further study. KEYWORDS

esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, F-actin, fascin, fascin overexpression, post-translational modification

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. c 2017 The Authors. Precision Radiation Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute.  Prec. Radiat. Oncol. 2017;1:82–87.

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CHENG ET AL .

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F-actin filaments by two major acting-binding sites. One site is located

INTRODUCTION

around a serine39 near the cleft between 𝛽-trefoil 1 and 𝛽-trefoil 4,20 Because of increasing incidence and mortality, cancer has become a

and the other site is located within residues 277–493, which encom-

major public health problem in China.1 Esophageal cancer (ES) is the

passes most of 𝛽-trefoil 3 and 𝛽-trefoil 4.21 The phosphorylation of

seventh most common cancer worldwide and the sixth most common

residue serine-39 by protein kinase C𝛼 has been reported to block the

cause of cancer

death.2

Annually, approximately half of new world-

wide ES cases are diagnosed in China, with esophageal squamous cell

activity of the N-terminal F-actin-bundling site.21,22 However, the regulation of other F-actin-bundling sites has not been well studied.

carcinoma (ESCC) being the most predominant histological subtype, accounting for nearly 90% of all EC.1,3 In China, ESCC cases are geographically distributed in different regions, including the Chaoshan district in Guangdong province, areas of the Taihang Mountains, and

3

ROLES OF FASCIN IN ESCC

in Yanting, the hilly regions of Sichuan Province.4,5 Recent progress in oncology surgical resections and adjuvant chemoradiation has

As an F-actin bundle protein, fascin has been widely shown to reg-

improved the prognosis of ESCC. However, with a 5-year survival

ulate the assembly of F-actin bundles in a variety of different cel-

rate of