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Reference range values are for apparently healthy people and often overlap significantly with values for those who are s
Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry, 3rd ed. Philadelphia; WB Saunders, 1998.
Children's Hospital, St. Louis, The Department of Clinical Laboratories, High ...
function. The value of the approximating function at a user-defined point common to .... The graphs are given by (a) exp(2x), (b) 1 Ñ 2x Ð 3x2 and. (c) ln(1 + 4x).
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weeks to 17 months in Kilifi, Kenya: a cross sectional observational study. Supporting Information: tables. S1 Table: 95% reference ranges with 90% confidence ...
(GHGs), their use should not be evaluated without considering their benefits in agricultural and energy production. By converting solar energy into crop biomass, ...
of 537 children aged 6-15 years (mean ± SD: 10.8 ± 2.4 years) using IOS. Results: Regression analyses with three IOS parameters, Rrs at 5 Hz (R5), Rrs at 20 ...
Departments of' Pediatrics,2 Bio Statistics, and3 Clinical Chem- istry, Academic Hospital and ... the time of blood sampling they were free of acute infections, as judged by clinical ..... Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 13th ed. Philadelphia: WB ...
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Disclaimer. This data sheet provides background information on the setting of the Environmental Quality. Standard in acc
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Tripathi NK, Latimer KS and Burnley VV. (2004). Hematologic reference intervals for koi. (Cyprinus carpio), including blood cell morphology, cytochemistry, and.
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„FAVOURABLE REFERENCE VALUES” Discussion paper for the Expert Group on Reporting under the Nature Directives compiled by Karel Chobot Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection of the Czech Republic ETC/BD‐WP 1.2.1.A.2 Support on EU reporting The Favourable Reference Values (FRV) are key issues in the reporting exercise. Next to that, they are probably also the most problematic issues 1 , due to their rather theoretical character. FRV consist of Favourable Reference Range (FRR), Favourable Reference Population (FRP; Species) and Favourable Reference Area (FRA; Habitats). The Guidance Document gives considerably long descriptions of the FRV but as the issue is complex by itself therefore there are currently only some general points of guidance: A. The usage of general value “greater than present day value” is one proposed solution (and advisable before using the “unknown”). In 2007 reporting FRV were finally often reported in correlation with actual values following the introduction of simple operators in the IT tool (addendum of July 2007). B. The non‐coastal marine species should have FRV for whole marine region of the MS. C. FRV must be at least the value (Range, Area, Population) at the time Hab Dir come into force 2 D. FRV have to be reported in same units as values for Range, Area and Population The previous reporting exercise showed that many Member States used expert opinions and some prepared national guidelines. These national guidelines or audit trails of expert opinions could be used to solve particular problems (see Annex I & II for examples of PL & SE approach; for UK approach see: www.jncc.gov.uk/PDF/FCS2007_ukapproach.pdf). General decision tree had been set up by SE, and it can be generally recommended.The figure shows how the decision was made whether to set the reference value (RV) higher than the current value (CV) or not. It also shows when to not set a value, only to say it is higher than current value (see an example in the Annex II).
For the purposes of Art 17 reporting we are looking for pragmatic ways to deal with favourable reference values as purely scientific approach is not necessary feasible. It is also clear that for the on‐going reporting round we will not be able to have a common agreed approach to report on FRVs, so we need to make best out of the available knowledge and continue developing the approaches in the future rounds. In addition due to wide lack of precise data, the use of operators as introduced in 2007 is still necessary. 1
Clarification need stated also by the Questionnaire (Q). Q states also missing of the „less than“ possibility. Similar cases should be solved other way (list revision, derogation procedure etc.)
2
ETC/BD
August 2010
In this discussion paper and further in the revised guidelines we will concentrate on giving demonstrative examples on how to deal with different values (to identify and illustrate “best & worst” or ideal & real cases) and on providing examples on approaches how some Member States dealt with FRV. Favourable Reference Range Favourable reference range is defined as: “favourable reference value [of range] must be at least the range (in size and configuration) when the Directive came into force; if the range was insufficient to support a favourable status the reference for favourable range should take account of that and should be larger (in such a case information on historic distribution may be found useful when defining the favourable reference range); 'best expert judgement' may be used to define it in absence of other data. [Definition in DocHab‐04‐03/03 rev.3] By definition, Range and FRR are the same if the Range is sufficient to support the population in favourable status. Range itself is rather theoretical concept, derived from the distribution (population) map. Range covers: actual distribution and suitable and/or potential localities within the area of included gaps 3 . The differences of Range interpretation among MS will be avoided by proposed automated calculation (IT tool for range maps under preparation). Precise distinction (ideal case) between FRR and Range is based on adding potential localities outside the stated Range, historical 4 occurrence sites or even proposed localities of future management efforts. The use of particular category is to be mentioned in the reporting format. Rough distinction (real case) between FRR and Range (using operators) could be based on estimated trend in the reporting period, if the precise data are missing 5 . Decreasing range trend shows that FRR should be greater than Range (see below ‐ Addendum to the Format). Favourable Reference Population Favourable reference population should be basic, precise and strict FRV. It is defined as: “Population in a given biogeographical region considered the minimum necessary to ensure the long‐term viability of the species; favourable reference value must be at least the size of the population when the Directive came into force; information on historic distribution/population may be found useful when defining the favourable reference population; 'best expert judgement' may be used to define it in absence of other data”. [Definition in DocHab‐04‐03/03 rev.3] FRP mostly needs FRR, on the other hand inside the FRR could live deprived Population. Guidance forces to estimate the FRP up to the level “when the potential range (better: favourable reference range, as the potential range should be larger) is fully occupied at an optimum population density”. Guidance also gives a rule how to deal with traditional scientific population instruments: