2009 International Conference on Engineering Computation
Fire Evacuation Underground Space Based on BuildingEXODUS
Shu-qing Hao, Hong-wei Huang & Yong Yuan
Kun Yin
Department of Geotechnical, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
[email protected]
Construction engineering college Jilin University Changchun, China
a complete Fire Field Modeling environment that employs state-of-the-art finite volume methods. SMARTFIRE provides dynamic user interaction and sophisticated case setup tools to facilitate simulation and to help ensure solution correctness. SMARTFIRE uses state-of-the-art physics, numeric and intuitive configuration options to give the most true-to-life simulation models.
Abstract—the main important factors to affect the evacuation of people by analyzing the fire theory happened in the underground space have been gotten. They are fire temperature, smoke concentration, and poisonous gas and ventilated velocity etc key factors. Do the emulation analysis about some kind of underground space fire by fire simulation software Smartfire and the fire scene and situation have been gotten. Import the fire simulation results into the buildingEXODUS software and get the people evacuation conclusion. The authors use the risk accepted rules to evaluate the result and get the risk level is 2C. The risk level can be accepted, however, it is not so optimistic. It needs strength the fire and smog ventilation parameters design to reduce the people casualty from fire. Keywords-fire evacuation; underground;
I.
INTRODUCTION
Underground space fire is a hot concern around the world due to big fire disasters occur in road or railway tunnels in recent years, such as in Mont-Blanc, Kitzsteinhorn and Dague etc. The environment in the tunnel will be polluted by smoke particle and poisonous gases, such as carbon monoxide, produced by the fire. The temperature and toxic gases directly harm and kill the evacuee. So evacuation from the fire situation is a very emergency problem. II.
Figure 1.
III.
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING RISK ACCEPTABLE LEVELS
Generally speaking, the risk can be characterized as the probability of risk of accidents and loss of the product of the accident, the long and big tunnel in the actual situation. The following are the risk assessment matrixes estimates table. Evacuation will be controlled under risk of 2C level.
BUILDING EXODUS METHOD
EXODUS is a suite of software tools designed to simulate the evacuation and movement of large numbers of individuals within complex structures. The EXODUS software takes into consideration people -people, people-fire and people-structure The EXODUS software has been written in C++ using Object Orientated techniques and rulebase concepts to control the simulation. Thus, the behavior and movement of each individual is determined by a set of heuristics or rules. The model tracks the trajectory of each individual as they make their way out of the enclosure, or are overcome by fire hazards such as heat, smoke and toxic gases. Developed by the Fire Safety Engineering Group (FSEG) at the University of Greenwich, SMARTFIRE aims to make fire field modeling techniques accessible to nonComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) experts; such as fire fighters, architects or safety engineers. SMARTFIRE achieves these aims by integrating knowledge based tools and techniques within many of the modules. SMARTFIRE is
978-0-7695-3655-2/09 $25.00 © 2009 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ICEC.2009.31
EXODUS model of sub models
TABLE I.
RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX ESTIMATES L
Risk
P
1
2
3
4
5
A:P＜0.01%
1A
2A
3A
4A
5A
B:0.01%≤P
