FLOW MONITORING REPORT -

FLOW MONITORING REPORT NIGER - Report #2017-3

Reporting Period 01/03/2017-31/03/2017

Data collected in each point is triangulated with key informants and cross-referenced by DTM’s experts. However, considering that migrants adjust their routes according to opportunities and obstacles they find along their journey, their intended transit and destination locations might often change, making the systematic assessment of their mobility throughout West and North Africa more complex . Therefore, data collected in destination locations may not always reflect flows detected in transit locations. All data included in this report is based on estimations. IOM does not make any warranties or representations as to the appropriateness, quality, Since February 2016, IOM Niger has been carrying out flow monitoring of migrants at two points in Niger in the region of Agadez. This flow monitoring does not replace border monitoring nor does it claim to observe all migratory flows in the Agadez region. Flow monitoring points (FMPs) are active in Séguédine and Arlit, two towns in the Agadez region. Flow monitoring points are placed at known migrant transit points along the Niger migratory route. The data collected provides a snapshot of migrant movements through the region.

DEFINITIONS USED Incoming individuals observed: This refers to individuals who arrive in the flow monitoring points (which are not located at borders) with the intention of heading further in towards Niger. They are represented by the yellow arrows on the map. Outgoing individuals observed: This refers to individuals who arrive in the flow monitoring points (which are not located at borders) with the intention of heading outwards towards the borders of Niger. They are represented by orange arrows on the map. Base Map Source: ESRI. This map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names, and related data shown on maps and included in this report are not warranted to be free of error nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptan ce of such boundaries by IOM.

MAIN FINDINGS FOR MARCH 2017

4,781 8,416 2 ASSESSMENT TYPE:

# Outgoing individuals observed in FMPs during recording period # Incoming individuals observed in FMPs during recording period

FMP

NUMBER OF ACTIVE FMPs in NIGER Daily

Number of individuals Detected in Niger Flow Monitoring Points in March 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

Outgoing Series1 flow

1.3.17

8.3.17

15.3.17

22.3.17

Incoming Series2 flow

29.3.17

This month, as has been the case for this year, the incoming migrants recorded at the flow monitoring point of Séguédine continue to be significantly higher than the recorded outgoing migrants. This trend is explained by the fact that migrants are using alternative routes to go towards Libya to avoid being intercepted and so when they are leaving Niger they go around the Séguédine flow monitoring point. However when migrants are coming back into Niger from Libya they do not face the same risks if they are intercepted by security forces and so can feel more at ease in going directly through Séguédine. This phenomenon was further recorded during an evaluation mission that IOM carried out in the area surrounding Dirkou and Séguédine in the north-eastern part of the Agadez region were many alternative routes were mapped and visualised. However at the Arlit flow monitoring point, outgoing flows towards Assamaka and Algeria are higher than incoming flows. Of the 13,000 migrants recorded at the flow monitoring points in the reporting period (March 2017), 9 000 of those were recorded at the Séguédine flow monitoring point with 2 500 migrants recorded as outgoing and 6 500 recorded in the incoming flow. The remaining 4 000 migrants were recorded at the Arlit flow monitoring point with 2 200 in the incoming flow and 1 800 in the outgoing flow.

CUMULATIVE DETECTED FLOWS IN NIGER FLOW MONITORING POINTS SINCE MARCH 2016 Monthly total of migrants identified at flow monitoring points in Niger between February 2016 and March 2017 80000

71,904

70000 56,676

60000

48,969

50000

42,081

40000

32,784

31,503

30000

21,786

17,707

20000 10000 0

4,084 1,207

Feb-16

15,631 10,163

9,071

8,856 5,521

Mar-16

27,239

23,778 12,654

11,457 3,413

1,290

Apr-16

May-16

Jun-16

Jul-16

Aug-16

Outgoing Flow

Sep-16

Oct-16

Nov-16

12,923 1,663

Dec-16

6,524 8,424

Jan-17

6,329

Feb-17

8,416 4,781

Mar-17

Incoming Flow

COMPILED FLOWS OBSERVED IN NIGER IN 2016 AND 2017

Observed Flows in

17,634

Outgoing flows observed through Niger FMPs in 2017

2017

44,079

Incoming flows observed through Niger FMPs in 2017

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION - FLOW MONITORING REPORT

Observed Flows in 333,891

2016

111,230

Outgoing flows observed through Niger FMPs in 2016 Incoming flows observed through Niger FMPs in 2016 1

FLOW MONITORING POINT 1: ARLIT, AGADEZ REGION, NIGER

2,218

# Outgoing flows observed in Arlit during the reporting period

1,866

# Incoming flows observed in Arlit during the reporting period

ASSESSMENT TYPE:

Outgoing flows observed Arlit in 2017

6,347 6,117

Observed Flows in 2017

Observed Flows in 2016

Incoming flows observed Arlit in 2017

Main modes of transport for migrants departing from Arlit: Private vehicle and bus

FMP

33,690 31,537

Outgoing flows observed Arlit in 2016

Incoming flows observed Arlit in 2016

Arlit is located 230 km north of Agadez, on the main road between Agadez and the Algerian city of Tamanrasset. The town grew around the uranium mining industry and serves as a rest point for movements between Algeria and Niger. The main arrivals and departures to and from Arlit are by private vehicle (55%) and public bus (43%).

Main modes of transport for migrants arriving in Arlit: Private vehicle and bus

DAILY

Number of migrants recorded by month for the Arlit flow monitoring point

7,000

outgoing

5,927

6,000 2,892 3,976

5,000

4,773

4,154

4,000

2,548 3,480 2,982 3,549 3,209

2,615

3,000

2,331

2,000

4,517 3,639

2,720

1,545 2,924 2,077 2,470

2,521

2,052 1,781

1,923

1,269 760

1,000

incoming

2,218 1,866

973

FÉVR 2016

MARS

AVR

MAI

JUIN

JUIL

AOÛT

SEPT

Main Countries of Origin Of Outgoing Migrants Other

OCT

NOV

DÉC

JANV 2017

Other

24%

Niger Niger

30%

13%

Guinea

10%

Cameroon Guinea

10% 9%

Nigeria

9% 0%

5%

10%

9%

Nigeria

8%

Liberia

15%

20%

25%

30%

6%

Burkina Faso

5%

Cote d'Ivoire

5%

35%

There is a variety of nationalities present at the Arlit flow monitoring point with a similar representation of nationalities in the incoming and outgoing flows. The main nationality present in both the outgoing and incoming flows are Nigeriens with 30% in the outgoing flow and 21% represented in the incoming flow. There is then a mix of nationalities present with migrants from Mali, Guinea Conakry, Cameroon and Nigeria mostly represented.

21%

Mali

14%

Cameroon

MARS

Main Countries of Origin Of Incoming Migrants

21%

Mali

FÉVR

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

FLOW MONITORING POINT 2: SEGUEDINE, AGADEZ REGION, NIGER 11,287 37,962

Observed Flows in 2017

Outgoing flows observed Séguédine in 2017 Incoming flows observed Séguédine in 2017

2,563

# Outgoing Flows detected in Séguédine during the reporting period

6,550

# Incoming flows detected in Séguédine during the reporting period

Number of migrants recorded by month for the Séguédine flow monitoring point

80,000

outgoing

67,750

70,000 60,000

46,421

40,000

39,361

28,888

30,000

5,964 2,815 1,545 447 FÉVR 2016

MARS

14,158 6,740 AVR

MAI

JUIN

Main Countries of Origin Of Outgoing Migrants Other Niger Nigeria Gambia Senegal Cote d'Ivoire Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ghana Togo Mali

1% 25% 14% 12%

AOÛT

6,524 6,727 317 SEPT

OCT

Other

NOV

3,089

DÉC

JANV 2017

6,550 FÉVR

87% 6% 2%

Gambia

1%

Chad

1%

Ghana 30%

2,563

4,447 7,028 5,954

MARS

2%

Mali

20%

6,940 1,490

Main Countries of Origin Of Incoming Migrants

Nigeria

6% 6% 5% 4% 3% 3% 10%

JUIL

10,858

Niger

20%

0%

4,277 25,458

30,263

20,569

18,306

20,000 -

incoming

53,694

50,000

10,000

Main modes of transport for migrants departing from Séguédine: Private vehicle

DAILY

291,912 Outgoing flows observed Séguédine in 2016 87,982 Incoming flows observed Séguédine in 2016

Séguédine is one of the northernmost towns in Niger, over 600 km from Agadez and 300km from Libya. Due to increased insecurity in the region, government authorities have regulated migrant convoy departures. Departures to Séguédine are now regulated more strictly and migrant movements are taking roads around Séguédine to avoid some of the tighter security controls.

Main modes of transport for arriving migrants in Séguédine: Private vehicle

FMP

ASSESSMENT TYPE:

Observed Flows in 2016

In parallel, the outgoing flow is representative of nationalities moving out of Niger and towards Libya, with almost exclusively West African nationalities.

1% 0%

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION - FLOW MONITORING REPORT

The main nationalities coming into Séguédine from Libya are Nigeriens as they are finding it easier to return. In addition migrants from third countries generally stay in Libya due to the difficulties there and find it more difficult to return into Niger.

50%

100%

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FLOW MONITORING METHODOLOGY WHAT IS FLOW MONITORING?

Flow Monitoring is a component of IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). It has been developed to track migrant flows (groups or individuals) through data collections carried out at key points of origin, transit and/or destination. The purpose of Flow Monitoring is to provide regularly updated information on the scale and profiles of population movements (migrants, internally displaced persons, returnees, etc.) through specific locations. The information and analysis provided through the flow monitoring methodology also helps to better understand and define shortcomings and priorities in the provision of assistance along the displacement/ migratory routes. The purpose of Flow Monitoring is not to replace border monitoring or border surveillance. Data collected by IOM flow monitoring exercises does not replace government border controls and should not be interpreted as such. A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF MIGRATORY FLOWS, A REGIONAL INCENTIVE IN WEST AFRICA?

Monitoring population movements in West and Central Africa represents an important regional initiative. It allows for a better understanding of intentions, trends, routes, risks as well as demographic and socio-economic profiles of migrants. It serves as a common source of data contributing to informed policymaking by authorities in countries of origin, transit and destination. IOM aims to install over thirty of these flow monitoring points throughout the West and Central African region to assist the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.

HOW IS FLOW MONITORING SET UP IN FIELD ENVIRONMENTS?

Flow monitoring is composed of three tools. Assessment of areas with high mobility, regular monitoring of locations with high mobility, indepth surveys done with migrants at these locations. These tools can be deployed simultaneously or separately.

FLOW MONITORING METHODOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF AREAS OF HIGH MOBILITY

1

DTM experts in the field identify strategic locations for the establishment of monitoring locations/points from where data collection will take place. The identification of the flow monitoring points (FMPs) can be done either while conducting baseline assessments, through specific field assessment, or through consultation with key informants and/or desk review of secondary data. REGULAR FLOW MONITORING IN PRE-DEFINED LOCATIONS

2

This tool consists of collecting information on the number and frequency of individuals transiting or moving through a particular location. Several techniques of flow monitoring and population movement tracking are available and are deployed depending on the context and volume of flows identified FLOW MONITORING SURVEYS

3

DTM teams carry out regular surveys with migrants at flow monitoring point locations (flow monitoring surveys FMS). The purpose of these surveys is to collect individualised data on the demographic and socio economic profile of migrants as well as collecting more specific information related to vulnerabilites, intentions, journeys and risks faced by migrants.

DATA QUALITY CONTROL The methodology employs multi-layered data collection with various levels of granularity to allow for consistency checks. The team rigorously checks for data quality during the data collection, processing and analysis process. DATA PROTECTION Personal data collected by IOM and the protection of such data is subject to IOM's data protection principles. A full methodological document is available on request.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION Displacement Tracking Matrix - IOM Niger

DTM Niger’s activities are supported by:

[email protected] www.globaldtm.info/niger Credentials: When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows: “Source: International Organization for Migration (IOM), (month,year), Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)”. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION - FLOW MONITORING REPORT

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