Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety and Its correlates: A Meta-analysis Tahereh Taherian Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
[email protected] Behzad Ghonsooly Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
[email protected] Majid Elahi Shirvan University of Bojnord, Iran
[email protected] Strategy for Searching the Literature
Figure 1. The steps of literature search and study screening Results Table 2 Detailed Descriptive Data of Studies Included in the Meta-analysis Author
Year
Sample size
First language
Target language
Publication
Measured outcome
Horwitz
1986
225
Not mentioned English
Spanish & French French
Article
Achievement
Phillips
1992
44
Article
Japanese
Article
French
Article
Achievement
Spanish
Dissertation
Reading, RA
534
Not mentioned Not mentioned Not mentioned Chinese
Achievement, speaking Achievement
Aida
1994
96
Gardner, Tremblay, &Masagoret Sellers
1997
102
1998
89
Yan
1998
English
Dissertation
1999 1999
88 433
Chinese Chinese
English English
Article Article
2000
107
Spanish
Article
Chan and Wu Chen and Chang
2004 2004
205 1187
Not mentioned Mandarin Chinese
Self-rated proficiency, reading, speaking, writing, listening Achievement Speaking, writing, writing anxiety RA
Cheng Cheng, Horwitz, &Schallert Sellers
English English
Article Article
Elkhafaifi
2005
233
Arabic
English
Dissertation
Chiang
2006
327
Chinese
English
Dissertation
Tallon
2006
413
Not mentioned
Spanish
Dissertation
Wilson Na Liu & Jackson
2006 2007 2008
40 115 547
Chinese Chinese
English English
Article Article
Marcos & Garau
2009
134
English
Spanish
Article
Zhao Abu-Rabia
2009 2010
125 67
Chinese Arabic
English English
Dissertation Article
Anyadubalu
2010
318
Thai
English
Article
Awan, Axher, Anwar & Naz (a) Awan, Axher, Anwar & Naz (b) Olivares-Cuhat
2010
223
Persian
English
Article
Achievement Learning difficulty Achievement, listening, listening anxiety Achievement, listening, speaking Reading anxiety, writing anxiety, listening anxiety Achievement Achievement Risk-taking, self-rated proficiency, FNE,TA,CA Proficiency, Achievement RA Reading, writing Achievement, self-efficacy Achievement
2010
74
Persian
English
Article
Achievement
2010
40
Not mentioned
Spanish
Article
Achievement, language learning strategies
Alemi, dafdarifard, Pashmforoosh Atasheneh&Izadi Cui Chen and Chang
2011
98
Persian
English
Article
Proficiency, reading Listening Achievement Proficiency, listening Achievement, Motivation, FNE,CA &TA Achievement, LLS, FNE,CA & TA Achievement, proficiency, FNE,CA & TA Reading Achievement, FNE,CA &TA Achievement, proficiency Speaking Achievement, FNE,TA, & CA Achievement, speaking Reading, RA RA,SA, WA, LA TA
2011 2011 2011
60 105 88
Persian Chinese Chinese
English English English
Article Article Article
Liu and Huang
2011
980
Chinese
English
Article
Lu and Liu
2011
934
Chinese
English
Article
Lucas, Miraflores& Go
2011
134
Filipino
English
Article
Yao &Jinga Wang
2011 2011
92 363
Chinese Chinese
English English
Article Dissertation
Arnaiz& Guillen
2012
216
Spanish
English
Article
Dunn Dordinejad & farjadnasab Hewitt & Stephenson
2012 2012
144 239
Georgian Persian
Spanish English
Article Article
2012
40
Spanish
English
Article
Huang Pae
2012 2012
160 229
Chinese Korean
English English
Article
Rastegar, Akbarzadeh, & Heidari Zare & Riasati
2012
100
Persian
English
Article
2012
108
Persian
English
Article
Mohammad, Biria, Koosha, &Shahsavari Dewaele and Ip
2013
85
Persian
English
Article
2013
72
Chinese
English
Article
Kamarulzaman, Ibrahim, Yunus, &Ishak Serraji & Noordin
2013
119
Malaysian
English
Article
2013
210
Persian
English
Article
Shao, Ji, & Yu
2013
510
Chinese
English
Article
Chen
2013
99
Chinese
English
Dissertation
Gocer
2014
314
Turkish
Article
Haley, & Gelgand
2014
120
English
Article
Self-efficacy
Dordinejad&Moradian Ahmadabad Tanielian Jee
2014
400
Arrivals from other countries Not mentioned Persian
Listening & listening anxiety Achievement, self-rated proficiency Achievement, speaking Achievement
English
Article
2014 2015
424 61
Thai Korean
English English
Article Article
Chanprasert&Wichadee
2015
116
English
Japanese
Article
Achievement, FNE,TA, & CA Achievement Speaking, reading, writing, SA, RA,WA Achievement
Self-esteem, proficiency LLS Self-rated proficiency Achievement
Jin, De Bote, &Keijzer
2015
146
Japanese
English
Article
Self-esteem, proficiency
Figure 3. Overall Average Correlation (Displayed by a Diamond) and Correlation with Confidence interval for Each Study Correlating Achievement and FLCAS. Table 4 Test of Heterogeneity for the Relationship between FLCAS and Achievement Effective size and 95% interval Model
Number studies
Point estimate
Lower limit
Upper limit
Fixed
29
-0.34
-0.36
-0.32
Random
29
-0.34
-0.36
-0.32
Test of null (2tial) Zvalue 30.04 30.04
Pvalue
Heterogeneity
Tau-squared
Qvalue
df [Q]
Pvalue
Isquared
Tau squared
Standard error
Variance
tau
130.75
29
0.000
78.56
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.000 0.001
Figure 4. Funnel plot of Effect size Estimates for All Individual Study Comparisons in the Meta-Analysis for the Relationship between FLCAS and Achievement
