FOUNDATIONS Proceedings of the Second British Geotechnical Association International Conference on Foundations, ICOF 2008
VOLUME ONE: PILES, EXCAVATIONS AND OFFSHORE FOUNDATIONS
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FOUNDATIONS Proceedings of the Second British Geotechnical Association International Conference on Foundations, ICOF 2008 24–27 June 2008, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
VOLUME ONE: PILES, EXCAVATIONS AND OFFSHORE FOUNDATIONS
Edited by M. J. Brown, M. F. Bransby, A. J. Brennan and J. A. Knappett Geotechnical Engineering Research Group Department of Civil Engineering University of Dundee
“Founded on research, design and practice”
Cover photos: left: Arup; top right: Donaldson Associates Ltd; centre right: T. L. L. Orr; bottom right: K. Furumoto. Details of all publications from IHS BRE Press are available from: www.ihsbrepress.com or IHS BRE Press, Willoughby Road, Bracknell RG12 8FB, UK Tel: 01344 328038, Fax: 01344 328005,
[email protected] Published by IHS BRE Press, 2008 Requests to copy any part of this publication should be made to: IHS BRE Press, Garston, Watford WD25 9XX, UK Tel: 01923 664761, Fax: 01923 6642477 EP93: 2 volume set not sold separately ISBN-13: 978-1-84806-044-9 Vol. 1. EP95: ISBN 978-1-84806-050-0 Vol. 2. EP96: ISBN 978-1-84806-051-7 © IHS BRE Press, 2008
The views expressed in the papers in this volume of proceedings are those of the authors. The editors and IHS BRE Press do not accept any responsibility for the contents of the papers or for any loss or damage which might occur as a result of following or using data or advice given in the papers.
PREFACE
These two volumes form the proceedings of the Second British Geotechnical Association International Conference on Foundations (ICOF 2008), held at the University of Dundee, from 24 to 27 June 2008. This conference is the second such event organised at the University of Dundee with the first being held in September 2003. The previous conference proceedings was a single volume containing 94 papers with contributions from over 200 authors. The success of the previous event has lead to a significant growth for this conference in terms of paper and author numbers with 153 papers published herein and the proceedings increasing to two volumes. This conference has been organised by the Geotechnical Engineering Research Group at the University of Dundee under the auspices of the British Geotechnical Association (BGA). The conference organisation was initiated by Professor Michael Davies as the former chairman of the BGA and Dean of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics. We are grateful to all the authors for their efforts in the preparation of the papers. The second ICOF provides an excellent opportunity for academics, engineers, scientists, practitioners and students to present and exchange the latest developments, experience and findings in foundation engineering. The 153 peer reviewed papers have been arranged into 13 broad themes. Volume one contains three invited keynote papers and 77 papers in the areas of axially loaded piles, laterally loaded piles, pile groups, pile installation, excavations, retaining structures and offshore structures. Volume 2 contains 73 papers in the areas of soil–structure interaction, earthquakes and dynamics, ground improvement and soil reinforcement, shallow foundations, foundations and slopes, element behaviour and ground investigation. Finally, the Editors would like to acknowledge the support and efforts of the Local and International Organising Committees, paper reviewers and conference sponsors.
Mike Brown, Fraser Bransby, Andrew Brennan and Jonathan Knappett June 2008
ORGANISING COMMITTEES Local Organising Committee Dr Michael Brown (Chair of the Technical Committees) Dr Peter Allan, SETech and Society for Underwater Technology Dr Fraser Bransby, University of Dundee Dr Andrew Brennan, University of Dundee Mr Alistair Chisholm, Arup Geotechnics Prof. Adrian Hyde, University of Sheffield Dr Mike Kenny, University of Strathclyde Dr Jonathan Knappett, University of Dundee Dr Alasdair Maconochie, Technip UK Ltd Dr John McDougal, Napier University Mr Damian Morrow, Acergy UK Ltd Dr Sarah Stallebrass, City University Prof. Simon Wheeler, University of Glasgow Dr Mike Winter, TRL International Technical Committee Mr Tim Chapman Prof. Michael Davies Prof. Bengt Fellenius Prof. George Gazetas Prof. William van Impe Prof. Rolf Katzenbach Dr Suzanne Lacasse Prof. Chun Fai Leung Prof. Paul Mayne Dr Trevor Orr Prof. Samuel Paikowsky Dr Alain Pecker Prof. David Potts Prof. Mark Randolph Ms Hilary Skinner Prof. Vladimir Ulitsky Prof. Arun Valsangkar Prof. Carlo Viggiani
Manuscript Reviewers The editors are grateful to the following people who helped to review the manuscripts and hence assisted in improving the technical standard and presentation of the papers in these proceedings: Allan P. Amatya B. L. Ball J. D. Bhattacharya S. Booth J. Bransby M. F. Brennan A. J. Brown M. J. Butcher A. P. Byrne B. W. Cassidy M. J. Chisholm A. Cook D. S. Cripps J. C. Deeks A. D. Dietz D. El-Shafie M. Essler R. D. Gavin K. G. Gill D. R. Gourvenec S. Haigh S. K. Harbottle M. Harris P. Hernandez-Martinez F. G. Hudacsek P. Hyde A. F. L. van Impe W. F. Jardine R. J. Javadi A. A. Johansson J. A. T. Kenny M. J.
Klar A. Knappett J. A. Krenn H. Li S. Lutenegger A. J. Maconochie A. Madabhushi S. P. G. Mair R. J. Mayne P. W. McDougal J. Morgan N. Morrow D. Osman A. Paikowsky S. Patel D. Pellew A. L. Powell J. J. M. Puller D. J. Robertson A. Schneider J. A. Serridge C. Smith C. C. Soubra A. H. St John H. D. Stallebrass S. E. Standing J. Thusyanthan N. I. Valsangkar A. J. Vogler U. White D. J. Winter M. G. Zhao J.
The conference organisers would like to thank the following organisations and groups for their support: Dundee and Angus Convention Bureau
ICE Scottish Geotechnical Group
OPILE
Roger Bullivant Limited
Soil Mechanics Limited
Stent Foundations Limited
The British Geotechnical Association
The University of Dundee
Contents
ix
CONTENTS
Preface Organising Committees
v vi
VOLUME ONE: PILES, EXCAVATIONS AND OFFSHORE FOUNDATIONS PART ONE – KEYNOTE PAPERS
1
1
The relevance of developer costs in geotechnical risk management T. J. P. Chapman
3
2
Offshore foundation design – a moving target M. F. Randolph and D. J. White
27
3
Piles under horizontal load: an overview G. Russo and C. Viggiani
61
PART TWO – AXIALLY LOADED PILES
81
4
Centrifuge model testing for pile foundation re-use L. Begaj-Qerimi and A. M. McNamara
83
5
Shaft friction in London Clay – modified effective stress approach A. S. Bown and A. S. O’Brien
91
6
Factors affecting the design and construction of high capacity minipiles D. Egan, A. L. Bell and M. R. Gavins
101
7
The performance of bored mini piles in London Clay D. R. Gill, H. D. St John and D. J. Puller
113
8
Assessment of a bridge pier pile foundation subjected to bearing replacement O. Hamza and A. Bellis
125
9
Rapid pile test simulation in the geocentrifuge P. Hölscher, H. van Lottum, A. Bezuijen, A. F. van Tol and N. Q. Huy
137
10
Field measurements of pipe pile base resistance in medium dense sand D. J. P. Igoe, K. G. Gavin and B. C. O’Kelly
149
11
Numerical analysis of experimental deep foundations in a porous clay T. Janda, P. Kuklík, R. P. Cunha, and G. M. Anjos
159
12
Plugging mechanism in a vertically loaded open-ended pile Y. Kikuchi, Y. Morikawa and T. Sato
169
13
Pile design, testing and performance in Glasgow Coal Measures D. J. Lennon, E. Watt, A. Bowers and B. Watson
181
14
Capacity of tip grouted piles socketed in a gravel layer S. S. Lin, J. C. Liao, K. J. Wang and Y. H. Chang
193
15
Tension tests on single-helix screw-piles in clay A. J. Lutenegger
201
x
Contents
16
Settlement of foundation piles in gravel with water L. Mancinelli
213
17
Spring hammer rapid load test method and its validation K. Matsuzawa, Y. Nakashima and T. Matsumoto
223
18
O-cell response using elastic pile and seismic piezocone test P. W. Mayne and D. J. Woeller
235
19
Estimating bearing capacity of cast-in-place concrete piles in rock S. Nishimoto and K. Tomisawa
247
20
Retrofit minipile system to increase the capacity of existing foundations T. L. L. Orr, J. Martin, R. Fernie and S. Healy
257
21
Aged steel displacement and bored concrete piles in London Clay A. L. Pellew and R. J. Jardine
269
22
Modelling axial capacity of pile foundations by intelligent computing M. A. Shahin
283
23
Pile load capacity in Albanian and Japanese practice of design N. J. Shkodrani and N. I. Lako
295
24
Uskmouth power station: a history of development, demolition and redevelopment A. Sirati and M. N. Harris
307
25
The effect of cross-sectional shape on the performance of sheet piles S. Taenaka, D. J. White, M. F. Randolph, H. Nakayama and K. Nishiumi
319
26
Bearing capacity characteristics of pile foundations in volcanic ash K. Tomisawa and S. Miura
331
27
Helical anchors as wind tower guyed cable foundations R. T. Victor and A. B. Cerato
343
28
Pile foundation design for the New-Kitakyushu Airport bridge N. Yasufuku, H. Ochiai, Y. Maeda and S. Yasuda
357
PART THREE – LATERALLY LOADED PILES
369
29
Centrifuge modelling of bridge pier foundations under ship impacts L. M. Chu and L. M. Zhang
371
30
Experimental evaluation of soil deformation patterns around laterally loaded piles M. Hajialilue-Bonab and Y. Sojoudi
383
31
Predicting undrained displacement of piles under lateral loading A. Klar and A. S. Osman
395
32
Numerical modelling of pile lateral and axial load interaction N. H. Levy, I. Einav and M. F. Randolph
403
33
A dynamic method for determining a pile’s lateral subgrade reaction K. P. Mahutka, J. Dührkop and J. Grabe
417
34
Effect of ground slope on pile foundation under lateral load K. Muthukkumaran and A. Begum
427
Contents
35
Evaluation of optimum length of piles under static lateral load N. Naghavi and M. H. Baziar
xi
439
PART FOUR – PILE GROUPS
449
36
Case histories for piled rafts H. S. W. Chow and J. C. Small
451
37
Effects of pile-to-pile interaction on piled raft foundations E. M. Comodromos and S. V. Bareka
463
38
Influence of interaction factors and defective piles on piled raft behaviour A. F. Cordeiro, R. P. Cunha, M. M. Sales, P. Kuklik and M. Broucek
475
39
Piled rafts with defective piles: influence of reinforcement systems A. F. Cordeiro, R. P. Cunha, M. Broucek and M. M. Sales
485
40
FEM for ULS and SLS checks of complex foundations R. Katzenbach, G. Bachmann and C. Gutberlet
495
41
Optimisation analysis on pile length distribution of squared pile groups Y. F. Leung, K. Soga and A. Klar
505
PART FIVE – PILE INSTALLATION
517
42
Bored displacement piles in stiff clay: construction and performance D. J. Baxter, P. R. Fleming, N. Dixon and K. A. Cromwell
519
43
Centrifuge modelling of rotary-jacked tubular piles: “Gyropiling” A. D. Deeks and D. J. White
531
44
Density changes near an advancing displacement pile in sand J. Dijkstra, W. Broere, A. Bezuijen and A. F. van Tol
545
45
Modelling displacement pile installation in a finite element method J. Dijkstra, W. Broere and A. F. van Tol
555
46
Physical modelling of displacements around continuous flight augers in clay C. C. Hird, Q. Ni and I. Guymer
565
47
Pore pressure effects in sand and silt during pile jacking A. M. Jackson, M. D. Bolton, D. J. White and T. Nagayama
575
48
Driven piled foundations through buried dock walls D. J. Lennon and C. Burns
587
49
Estimating settlements due to pile driving activities P. M. Maurenbrecher
597
50
Installation of a reduced-scale pile group in silt B. A. McCabe, K. G. Gavin and M. Kennelly
607
51
Comparative behaviour and performance of vibratory and impact driven piles F. Rocher-Lacoste, M. Lasseret and R. Saule
52
Effects of loading history on G0-stress relationship Y. Zhao
617 627
xii
Contents
PART SIX – EXCAVATIONS AND RETAINING STRUCTURES
639
53
Backfill and surcharge induced loads on cantilever retaining walls M. Arnold
641
54
Failure surface determination using image processing in geotechnical centrifuge tests A. Askarinejad, H. Shahnazari, H. Salehzadeh and M. Zare
653
55
Grouted strut design for deep station boxes, north-south line Amsterdam A. Driesse, J. van ’T Verlaat, R. D. Essler and T. A. M. Salet
663
56
Quality control and execution for deep jet grout struts A. Driesse, J. van ’T Verlaat, R. D. Essler and T. A. M Salet
675
57
An analytical calculation of multianchored walls and some consequences A. D. Garini
687
58
Reinforcement cover and concrete mix design of buried foundations to BS8500:2006 L. F. Green and M. O’Neill
693
59
Failure of anchor pile foundations at Lahore – a case study A. H. Khan
705
60
Rational design of reinforced soil walls using kinematic constraints A. Klar and T. Sas
719
61
Design and construction of a retaining structure subject to sway F. A. Loveridge, T. Hocombe and H. Roscoe
729
62
Performance of a 13m high reinforced soil retaining wall G. Moradi and J. Safadoust
741
63
A parametric study of an innovative form of shaft/base construction A. Swain
751
64
Discontinuum mechanics of granular soil-retaining structure interaction C. Yanqui
763
PART SEVEN – OFFSHORE FOUNDATIONS
775
65
3D modelling of a jack-up and its foundations B. Bienen, M. J. Cassidy, B. W. Byrne and G. T. Houlsby
777
66
Numerical analysis of the capacity of ‘on-bottom’ offshore pipelines M. F. Bransby, S. Amman and P. Zajac
789
67
Cyclic load response of unburied pipelines on silica sands A. J. Brennan and M. J. Cassidy
801
68
Design of sliding foundations for subsea structures D. N. Cathie, N. Morgan and C. Jaeck
813
69
Design and installation of suction piles in West Africa deepwaters D. Colliard and R. Wallerand
825
70
Suction caisson installation in sand and clay over sand O. J. Cotter, G. T. Houlsby and B. W. Byrne
837
Contents
xiii
71
Improving the lateral bearing capacity of monopiles by welded wings J. Dührkop and J. Grabe
849
72
A study on spudcan footprint interaction C. T. Gan, C. F. Leung and Y. K. Chow
861
73
An investigation of shallow foundations on sand under moment loading S. Gourvenec, L. Govoni and G. Gottardi
873
74
The effect of a gas blow-out on shallow offshore foundations A. S. Gylland and L. M. H. De Vries
885
75
Undrained response of shallow pipelines subjected to combined loading M. S. Hodder, M. J. Cassidy and D. Barrett
897
76
Breakout of subsea foundations on sand C. Jaeck, D. N. Cathie and E. Tisseau
909
77
Jack-up rig foundation design applying 3D FE structure-soil interaction modelling L. Kellezi, G. Kudsk and H. Hofstede
923
78
Skirted footing capacity for combined loads and layered soil conditions L. Kellezi, G. Kudsk and H. Hofstede
937
79
Design of offshore structures using the single surface hardening model A. Kisse and K. Lesny
949
80
Bearing capacity of embedded foundations Y. S. Lee, C. C. Smith and C. Y. Cheuk
961
Author index
xiv
Contents
VOLUME TWO: GROUND BEHAVIOUR AND IMPROVEMENT, SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS AND SLOPES PART EIGHT – SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION
973
81
Foundation of new buildings in old urban areas Z. Arbanas, V. Jagodnik, M. Grošić and D. Goršić
975
82
Piling adjacent to metro tunnels at St. Pancras A. Chodorowski and V. Hope
985
83
A ‘Transatlantic’ comparison of building damage assessment methods M. E. Devriendt, S. Banfield and A. Lawrence
997
84
Numerical analysis of the foundations for a concrete gravity dam A. Fahimifar and M. Imani
1013
85
The effect of shallow foundation on adjacent retaining wall M. Hajialilue-Bonab, H. Ahmadi and H. Katebi
1025
86
Soil deformations behind an integral abutment bridge S. A. Huntley and A. J. Valsangkar
1037
87
Ballasted track replacement works past wall W323 on the London Underground P. Lu and R. P. Bailey
1049
88
Prediction of ground settlement response to sheet pile extraction P. McGough
1061
89
Simulated traffic loads on buried plastic pipes in reinforced soil S. N. Moghaddas Tafreshi and O. Khalaj
1075
90
Foundations of the combined bridge over Irtysh River in Omsk U. E. Ponomarenko, M. P. Musienko and N. B. Baranov
1087
91
Interaction analysis and design for cut-off walls in multilayered foundations M. Soudkhah and M. H. Sadaghiani
1093
92
Buried pipe analysis in reinforced sand under repeated loading G. H. Tavakoli Mehrjardi and S. N. Moghaddas Tafreshi
1103
93
Combined analysis of building walls and foundations E. Tsudik
1111
94
Use of soil-structure interaction approach in design of buildings V. M. Ulitsky, W. F. van Impe, A. G. Shashkin, C. G. Shashkin and M. B. Lisyuk
1125
95
Behaviour of barrage raft floor under elasto-plastic foundation soil medium Kumar Venkatesh, N. K. Samadhiya and A. D. Pandey
1137
PART NINE – EARTHQUAKES AND DYNAMICS 96
97
Normal fault rupture propagation through sand: a simplified semi-analytical approach I. Anastasopoulos, G. Gazetas, N. Gerolymos, M. F. Bransby and M. C. R. Davies Numerical analysis for static and dynamic lateral loading of piles F. Castelli and M. Maugeri
1149 1151 1165
Contents
xv
98
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations near slopes: seismic analysis F. Castelli and M. Maugeri
1177
99
Wind turbine foundations on glacial till: is cyclic loading an issue? N. G. Davidson, D. S. Cook and H. Krenn
1189
100
Numerical simulations of rocking behavior of shallow footings and comparisons with experiments S. Gajan and B. L. Kutter
1201
101
Substructure testing for dynamic soil-structure interaction A. Heath, A. Darby and J. Bawcombe
1213
102
Lateral resistance of piles in sand under repeated horizontal loading Y. Kikuchi
1225
103
Designing against pile-tip bearing capacity failure in liquefiable soils J. A. Knappett and S. P. G. Madabhushi
1237
104
Numerical simulation of foundation element performance under cyclic loading Y-S. Kuo and M. Achmus
105
Cyclic horizontal loading of single piles J. Rakotonindriana, A. Le Kouby, P. Mestat, L. Thorel, C. Boura and C. Favraud
106
Numerical investigation of behaviour of pile foundations in liquefiable soils B. Teymur and S. C. Yildiz
1247 1259
1271
PART TEN – GROUND IMPROVEMENT AND SOIL REINFORCEMENT
1279
107
Non-linear analysis of granular piles with rigid jackets S. M. Ali Jawaid and M. R. Madhav
1281
108
Load transfer mechanisms in pile-supported earth platform under slab foundation J. Andromeda and L. Briancon
1291
109
Centrifuge modelling of 3D load transfer in reinforced soft soils G. Baudouin, L. Thorel, G. Rault, J. Garnier, F. Derkx and S. Buttigieg
1303
110
Value engineering saves a costly site in west central Florida C. C. Basile, D. S. Saxena and J. Saxena
1315
111
Use of inclusions under footings – a model study M. U. Ergun, İ. Kul and H. K. Engin
1325
112
Trials of deep soil mixing with a low improvement ratio K. Furumoto, Y. Masuya and H. Kohashi
1335
113
Strength properties of stabilised/solidified Norwegian marine sediments F. G. Hernandez-Martinez, M. Sparrevik, Ø. Kvalvåg A. Eggen and R. S. Grini
1345
114
Investigation of parameter variability on jet grout column formation C. E. Ho
1357
115
Use of cellular geocell matresses as embankment foundations C. G. Jenner, L. Turinic and R. Baslik
1369
xvi
Contents
116
Load tests on soil-cement columns, an alternative soil improvement method A. Le Kouby, F. Rocher-Lacoste, S. Lambert and A. Robinet
1379
117
Centrifuge modelling of foundations on double porosity clay landfills E. J. Pooley, J. Laue and S. M. Springman
1391
118
Site characterization and ground improvement for embankment construction over soft ground C. J. Serridge
1403
Numerical modelling of a soft clay foundation improved with vertical drains T. Stapelfeldt and U. Vogler
1415
119
120
Numerical modelling of column foundations U. Vogler and M. Karstunen
1425
121
Tyre bale foundations for roads on soft ground M. G. Winter
1437
122
Assessment of settlements of reinforced soil bridge abutments I. E. Zevgolis and P. L. Bourdeau
1449
PART ELEVEN – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
1461
123
Variation in shape factors of shallow foundations on sand R. Alchamaa, J. Suzuki and M. Yoshimine
1463
124
Shallow foundation design according to EN 1997-1 – in Sweden U. Bergdahl, L. Hall and W. Rankka
1475
125
Foundations - What happens when it goes wrong? C. A. Holt and F. N. Mcmillan
1487
126
Investigating the stress strain behaviour of foundations on hard soil E. D. Hornig
1501
127
Numerical simulations for the bearing capacity of circular footings M. Kalfa, A.-H. Soubra and D. S. Youssef Abdel Massih
1515
128
The influence of anisotropy and destructuration on a circular footing D. Kamrat-Pietraszewska, H. Krenn, N. Sivasithamparam and M. Karstunen
1527
129
Foundation design for a warehouse with steel fibre reinforced concrete T. Kasper, C. S. Sørensen and J. B. Nielsen
1537
130
Revised modulus decay curves for surface foundation settlement predictions in clay S. Kontoe, L. Zdravkovic and D. M. Potts
131
Design and construction of floating foundations on subsiding soft ground T. Koumoto
132
Physical modelling of soil – structure interaction of flexible raft foundations J. Laue and A. Arnold
133
On the stability of Santo Stefano bell tower in Venice M. Marchi, G. Gottardi, R. Butterfield and A. Zervos
1549 1559
1569 1581
Contents
xvii
134
Settlement prediction of shallow foundations; a new approach M. Rezania and A. A. Javadi
1593
135
Evaluating foundation design concepts of Eurocode 7 and 8 J. Wang and N. I. Thusyanthan
1603
136
Instability of foundations undergoing rise in groundwater level K. Yasuhara, H. Komine, S. Murakami and H. Shibata
1615
137
Reliability-based analysis of circular footings using response surface methodology D. S. Youssef Abdel Massih, M. Kalfa and A.-H. Soubra
1625
PART TWELVE – FOUNDATIONS AND SLOPES
1637
138
Shallow foundation capacity next to slopes: Effect of fixity M. F. Bransby and C. Davidson
1639
139
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations near slopes: Static analysis F. Castelli and E. Motta
1651
140
Micromechanical modeling of shallow foundation on a slope crest F. Gabrieli, S. Cola, P. Simonini and F. Calvetti
1663
141
Undrained bearing capacity interaction diagrams for strip footings on slopes K. Georgiadis, A. Karatzetzou and M. Lazari
1673
142
Limit analysis of the stability of foundations on inclined ground C. C. Smith and M. Gilbert
1683
143
Wedge-shaped slices for bearing capacity and general slope stability A. D. W. Sparks
1693
144
Twin pile retaining walls for slope stability – design, analysis and construction R. P. Thompson and J. M. Belton
PART THIRTEEN – ELEMENT BEHAVIOUR 145
Correlation between durability and compression strength indexes of Athens schist N. Barounis, A. Barounis, T. L. L. Orr and V. Koveos
1707
1719 1721
146
Evaluation of pile interface parameters from large scale shear tests A. M. Harraz
1731
147
Mechanical properties of incineration bottom ash from municipal waste K. Sato, S. Yamada and T. Fujikawa
1745
148
Coefficient of consolidation from plasticity characteristics of soil C. H. Solanki and M. D. Desai
1757
149
Estimation of rock joint shear strength by 3D laser scanning C. C. Y. Tam, A. K. L. Kwong and P. K. K. Lee
1763
150
Effects of particle crushing on the mechanical behaviour of sand S. Yamada and K. Sato
1773
xviii
Contents
PART FOURTEEN – GROUND INVESTIGATION 151
Improvement of a portable falling weight deflectometer for measuring embankment stiffness M. Kamiura
1785 1787
152
Rapid plate load tests on bearing stratum of a building foundation H. Nemoto, H. Sakihama, Y. Nakashima, K. Matsuzawa and T. Matsumoto
1797
153
Evaluation of soil/pile set-up from driven cone penetrometer W. K. Ng, M. R. Selamat and K. K. Choong
1809
154
Application of continuous energy logging for comprehensive subsurface characterisation D. Sarma
1819
Author Index
1829
Subject Index
1833
