From One Extreme to Another: Tsunami, Hurricane, and El Niño Observations from the NDBC Ocean Observing System of Systems Richard Bouchard, Dan Henderson, and Lea Locke NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center
AGU Joint Assembly of the Americas 2008 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 27- 30 May 2008
Observing System Platform Types C-MAN station DART II
6-meter NOMAD
C-MAN station
3-meter discus
TAO
NDBC Ocean Observing System of Systems (NOOSS)
Hurricane Katrina 2005 In ~180 hours: 1500 Reports within 300 miles 12 Buoys & 16 C-MAN
Record setting significant wave height of 16.91 meters at 42040 presage .. …extensive coastal flooding was caused by the enhancement of an already massive storm surge by wave setup.. - NHC Report on Katrina Exceeded 15.96 meters from Ivan in 2004
Record Events Florida Keys – 26 Aug Katrina Category 1 Hurricane
MLRF1, POR 1987 WSPD: 27.3 / 24.6 (1998) GUST: 34.5 / 28.7 (1992) DRYF1, POR 1992 SLP: 974.4 / 981.3 (Sep 1998) WSPD: 36.6 / 30.4 (Sep 1998) GUST: 43.3 / 34.9 (Sep 1998)
LONF1, POR 1992 SLP: 1000.2 / 1006.5 (1995) WSPD: 22.0 / 15.4 (1994) GUST: 26.1 / 18.2 (1994)
SANF1, POR 1991 SLP: 999.7 / 1007.1 (1995) SMKF1, POR 1991 SLP: 1005.0 / 1007.2 (1995) WSPD: 25.8 / 18.8 (2001) GUST: 29.9 / 19.0 (2001)
Buoys 28-29 August Katrina Category 3, 4, and 5 42019, POR 1990 SLP: 1000.9 / 1007.1 (1998)
42007, POR 1981 SLP: 996.2 / 1004.3 (1988) Hs: 5.6 / 3.4 (1985)
42038, POR 2004 42036, POR 1994 Hs: 5.5 / 4.6 (1999) 42040, POR 1995 WSPD: 28.1 / 27.9 (Sep 1998) GUST: 35.0 / 34.8 (Sep 1988) SLP: 981.3 / 1003.1 (Sep 1988) Hs: 16.91 / 15.96 (Sep 2004)
42039, POR 1995 Hs: 8.1 / 5.6 (2001)
42003, POR 1976 WSPD: 28.6 ▲ / 23.4 (1992) 42001, POR 1975 SLP: 981.3 / 1003.1 (1980)
GUST: 32.6 ▲ / 30.6 (1992) SLP: 987.8 ▲ / 997.4 (1992) Hs: 10.6 ▲ / 6.4 (1992)
Northern Gulf Of Mexico C-MAN 29 Aug Katrina Category 4 and 3
NDBC DPIA1, POR 1987 WSPD: 33.9 / 18.8 (1988) GUST: 42.8 / 22.5 (1995) SLP: 986.1 / 1000.5 (1995)
GDIL1, POR 1984 WSPD: 33.7▲ / 27.3 (Jul 1997) GUST: 45.6 ▲ / 30.1 (Aug 1992) SLP: 944.3 / 987.2 (Oct 1995)
BURL1, POR 1989 WSPD: 37.5▲/ 32.7 (Oct 1985) GUST: 42.9 ▲ / 37.2 (Oct 1985) SLP: 979.7 ▲ / 981.8 (Oct 1985)
42003 with its last breath ZCZC MIATCDAT2 ALL TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM HURRICANE KATRINA DISCUSSION NUMBER 16 NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL 5AM EDT SAT AUG 27 2005 …………… THE 12-FOOT SEAS RADII HAVE BEEN EXPANDED BASED UPON DATA FROM NOAA BUOY 42003 AND ON SHIP DATA. FORECASTER KNABB
Recent Major Hurricane Encounters in the Americas • Ivan in 2004; Cindy, Emily, Dennis, Katrina, Rita, and Wilma in 2005; Ernesto in 2006, and Dean and Felix in 2007 • 2007, Dean tracked along string of Hurricane Supplemental Buoys (established in 2005-2006)
NOAA Tsunameters Transitioned to Operational Status 2004
• • • • • •
Sea-floor pressure DART® II technology To depths of 6000 meters Data Delivery ~ 3 Minutes > 85% Data Availability Normal Data @ 15-minute intervals every 6 hours • Tsunami Detected – Rapid Reporting or Event Mode • Full-resolution 15-s data recovered from BPR
Recent Tsunami Events Information Courtesy of Dr. Dailin Wang, Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
• December 2004, Sumatran Tsunami – Detected in Normal Mode Data stream in Northeast Pacific, Gower & González, 2006, Eos, V.87,#10
• November 2006, Kuril Islands (EQ Mag=8.3) Tsunami – All Pacific tsunameters went into detection mode
• January 2007, Kuril Islands (EQ Mag=8.1) Tsunami • August 2007, Peru Tsunami (EQ Mag=8.0) – Chilean 32401 detected tsunami before tide gages
• September 2007, Sumatra Tsunami (EQ Mag=8.4) – Thailand’s 23401 allowed early cancellation of Tsunami Watch by PTWC
Nov. 15, 2006, (Mag=8.3), Kuril Islands, 9.5 minutes after Earthquake, Arrival of Seismic Signal Triggers 46413 into Rapid Reporting Mode, then 0.10 m Tsunami arrives 2 Hours later. Propagates to Crescent City CA where 0.88 m impacts marina
• DART 46413
Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array (TAO) • Transitioned to Operational status in 2006 • Real-time data support weather prediction and climate monitoring - limited by availability of polar orbiting satellites • Delayed-mode ~ 1 year provide climatequality data – available from:
http://tao.noaa.gov/ – Replaces real-time data in the database –
Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array (TAO) Real-time data from moored ocean buoys for improved detection, understanding, and prediction of El Niño and La Niña.
Hurricane Flossie, August 2007: First Time Hurricane Passes within 300 Nautical Miles of All Three-types of NDBC Buoys
Hurricane Centers Request For 3 Hourly Ship Reports Within 300 Miles Of Tropical Cyclone Center
NOOS Optimization Multi-purpose observing platforms • Legacy and transitions from research result in single purpose observing platforms • Interchangeability of parts and capabilities • Combined purpose stations, e.g., Tsunameter with ocean & atmospheric observations – Reduce the number of stations – Increase number of observations
NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center Contact Information
Richard Bouchard
[email protected] (228) 688-3459 http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov Tsunami Information courtesy of Dr. Dailin Wang, Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
