gastropods and bivalves from thailand; with ...

Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 18(2): 311-316. (1998)

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GASTROPODS AND BIVALVES FROM THAILAND; WITH TAXONOMIC NOTES AND NEW RECORDS Richard Kilburn! & Jorgen Hylleberg2

lNatal Museum, 237 Hoop Street, Private Bag 9070, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa 2Department ofMarine Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University ofAarhus, Finlandsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark

ABSTRACT About 700 species of molluscs were collected from material washed ashore in front of the Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC), the Andaman Sea, when a typhoon hit Thailand in May 1986. The molluscs came from a subtidal habitat with rock, abundant corals, and patches of sand. The collection was supplemented with other shells from the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand and the whole material was examined during the 8th TMMP Workshop, 1997. Most ofthe species were well know components ofthe molluscan fauna of Thailand, but 38 species, 16 genera and 4 families of gastropods were new records for the west coast. Among the bivalves, 21 species and 13 genera were new records for the west coast, while 6 species and 1 genus were new records for the east coast. We present a check list of these species and 10 previously recorded synonyms.

INTRODUCTION One session ofthe 8th Workshop of the Tropical Marine Mollusc Programme (TMMP) was devoted to a workshop on identification of molluscs conducted by Richard Kilburn as reported elsewhere in these Proceedings. All species studied during the workshop had been collected by JorgenHylleberg on Thai beaches, mainly on one occasion in May 1986, when a powerful typhoon washed a whole section of a fringing coral reef ashore in front of the Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC) (Phongsuwan 1991). The surge storm came from the south at the beginning of the South West Monsoon. It is unusual to have such strong wind from that direction. The SW Monsoon is normally dominated by winds from the west (Hylleberg et al. 1985a, b). The storm was very powerful, apparently because of the synergetic effects oftide, current, and wind.. After the storm no living corals could be found in the upper zone of the reef (Phongsuwan op. cit.). The reef was piled up on the beach, forming a wall of rubble about 2.5 m tall. Quantities ofmolluscs were mixed with the rubble, including many species considered to be rare in the area, eg the orange

coloured cowry Cypraea cicercula Linne. Hundreds of C. cicercula were washed up over a strech of about 150 m length. This probably reflects the damage caused by the storm, as C. cicercula inhabits crevices deep within living coral (pers. obs.). By mid-1997 the reef has recolonised with corals (Phongsuwan op. cit.) but the situation with respect to molluscs has not been studied. It will also be difficult because many ofthe molluscs live cryptically in cavities or among coral branches. Only when a major portion of the reef is washed ashore is it possible to comprehend the impressive molluscan diversity characteristic of the coral reefs of South East Asia. The present number of new records is biased towards the Andaman Sea because most material was collected here. However, . the majority of species occur in the Gulf of Thailand as well, because they have a wide Indo-Pacific distribution. Other species have a limited distribution because the Malacca Peninsula acts as a zoogeographical boundary. Species with a primarily Western Indian Ocean distribution may occur in the Andaman Sea but not in the Gulf of Thai-

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land. The present check list is made to give an overview of new records. It will be completed with illustrations, descriptions, and remarks in a forthcoming Guide to IndoPacific Molluscs to be published by the TMMP. Besides dealing with molluscs collected by J. Hylleberg, the Guide (in preparation) will encompass all species present in the Reference Collection of the PMBC, which is the most comprehensive published collection of molluscs from Thailand (Nateewathana et al. 1981).

Cellana rota (Gmelin, 1791) recorded as C. radiata by Tantanasiriwong (1978) non Born, 1778. FISSURELLIDAE Fleming, 1822 Hemitoma Swainson, 1840. New record Hemitoma panhi (Quay & Gaimard, 1834). TURBINIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Astraea Roding, 1798 Astraea rhodostoma (Lamarck, 1822) Lives mainly on Acropora-type corals in 1-2 metres at low spring tide.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The material of the present study consists of cleaned and dried shells collected by Jorgen Hylleberg on Thai beaches and made available for studies during the 8th TMMP Workshop. The collection is temporarily curated by J. Hylleberg. When studies are completed it will be permanently deposited elsewhere. The meaning of "new record" refers to material which is new to the Reference Collection of the PMBC. Unless otherwise stated, this material was identified by Richard Kilburn. The other species were identified by Alan Kohn, University of Washington, USA [AK det.]; Bernard Tursch, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium [BT det.]; and Jl/lrgen Knudsen, Zoological Museum of Copenhagen University, Denmark [JK det.], as indicated in the check list.

TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT The records are from Phuket Island, the Andaman Sea, except four taxa of bivalves from the Gulf of Thailand indicated in the check list. New families and genera are shown by "New record" after the authorship. Species are new records unless indicated in the text (*).

GASTROPODA PATELLIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Cellana Adams H., 1869

NERITIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Nerita Linnaeus, 1758 Nerita oryzarum Recluz, 1844 Replaces Nerita chamaeleon Linnaeus, 1758, on muddy rocks. TURRITELLIDAE Loven, 1847 Turritella Lamarck, 1799 Turritella vittulata (Adams & Reeve, 1848) PLANAXIDAE Gray, 1850 Supplanaxis Thiele, 1929. New record * Supplanaxis niger (Quay & Gaimard, 1834) recorded as Planaxis niger by Tantanasiriwong (1978). Planaxis Lamarck, 1822 Planaxis encausticus E.A. Smith, 1872 recorded as Planaxis sulcatus by Tantanasiriwong (1978). P. encausticus may prove to replace P. sulcatus (Born, 1778) on the west coast of Thailand. MODULIDAE Fischer, 1884. New record Modulus Gray, 1842. New record Modulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791) CERITHIIDAE Fleming, 1822 Rhinoclavis Swainson, 1840 Rhinoclavis sordidula (Gould, 1849)


HIPPONICIDAE Troschel, 1863. New record Hipponix Defrance, 1819. New record Hipponix conicus Schumacher, 1817 TRIVIIDAE Troschel, 1863. New record Trivia Broderip, 1837. New record Trivia oryza (Lamarck, 1811) OVULIDAE Fleming, 1828 Calpurnus Montfort, 1810. New record Calpurnus lacteus Lamarck, 1810 NATICIDAE Forbes, 1838 Natica Scopoli, 1777 Natica arachnoidea (Gmelin, 1791) Natica cernica Jousseaume, 1874 Natica maheensis Reeve, 1855 Naticarius Dumeril, 1806 New record Naticarius alapapilionis (Roding, 1798) Mammilla Schumacher, 1817 Mammilla sebae (Rec1uz, 1841) Tanea Marwick, 1931. New record * Tanea areolata (Rec1uz, 1844) recorded as Natica areolata by Tantanasiriwong (1978). * Tanea euzona (Rec1uz, 1844) recorded as Natica euzona by Tantanasiriwong (1978). Tanea mosaica (Sowerby, 1843) RANELLIDAE Gray, 1854 Cymatium Roding, 1798. Cymatium succinctum (Linne, 1758) Gyrineum Link, 1807 Gyrineum gyrinum (Linne, 1758) TRIPHORIDAE Gray, 1847. New record Mastonia Hinds, 1843. New record BUCCINIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Engina Gray J.E., 1839 Engina alveolata (Kiener) Engina mendicaria (Linne, 1758) Nassaria Link, 1807 recorded as Hindsia by Tantanasiriwong (1978); an established synonym of Nassaria. Nassaria pusilla (Roding, 1798)

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NASSARIIDAE Iredale, 1916 Nassarius Dumeril, 1806 Nassarius albescens (Dunker, 1846) [AK det.] Nassarius pauperus (Gould) FASCIOLARIIDAE Gray, 1853 Latirolagena Harris, 1897. New record * Latirolagena smaragdula (Linne, 1758) recorded as Latirus smaragdulus by Tantanasiriwong (1978) Latirus Montfort, 1810 Latirus lanceolatus (Reeve, 1847) Koh Hi (Hae) Island, W. of Phuket, coral reef in 3 m. OLIVIDAE Latreille, 1825 Oliva Bruguiere, 1789 Oliva indomalaysica Petuch & Sargent, 1986 [BT det.] MITRIDAE Swainson, 1831 Ziba H. & A. Adams, 1853. New record Ziba interlirata (Reeve, 1844) COSTELLARIIDAE MacDonald, 1860 Vexillum ROding, 1798 Vexillum lyratum (Lamarck, 1811) TURRIDAE Swainson, 1840 Inquisitor Hedley, 1918. New record CONIDAE Fleming, 1822 We follow Taylor et al. (1993) in referring the following "turrid" genera to the Conidae. Lienardia Jousseauma, 1884. New record Lienardia roseotincta (Montrouzier, 1872) Lienardia nigrotincta (Montrouzier, 1872) Lovellona Iredale, 1917. New record Lovellona atramentosa (Reeve, 1849) (as Conus atramentosus) CANCELLARIIDAE Gray, 1853 Merica H. & A. Adams, 1854. New record Merica asperella (Lamarck, 1822) [AK det.]

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Tritonoharpa Dall, 1908 Tritonoharpa antiquata (Hinds in Reeve, 1844) TEREBRIDAE Morch, 1852 Terebra Bruguiere, 1798 Terebra nebulosa Sowerby, 1825 ARCHITECTONICIDAE Gray J.E., 1840 Heliacus Orbigny, 1842. New record Heliacus areola (Gmelin, 1791) Heliacus infundibuliformis (Gmelin, 1791) Heliacus variegatus (Gmelin, 1791) PYRAMIDELLIDAE Gray J.E., 1840 Pyramidella Lamarck, 1799 Pyramidella cincta (Reeve, 1842)

Modiolus auriculatus (Krauss, 1848) [AK det.J Gulf of Thailand. MALLEIDAE Lamarck, 1819 Vulsella Roding, 1798. New record. Vulsella vulsella (Linne, 1758) ISOGNOMONIDAE Woodring, 1925 Isogonum Roding, 1798 Isogonum vitreum (Reeve, 1853) PINNIDAE Leach, 1819 Streptopinna von Martens, 1860. New record. Streptopinna saccata (Linne, 1758) PECTINIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Decatopecten Ruppel in Sowerby, 1839. New record. Decatopecten plica (Linne, 1758)

BIVALVIA ARCIDAE Lamarck, 1818 Barbatia Gray, 1840 Barbatia amygdalumtostum (Roding, 1798) recorded as Barbatia fusca by Nielsen (1976). Barbatia fusca is a commonly but wrongly used name for Area fusca Lightfoot, 1786 which is a western hemisphere species. Trisidos Roding, 1798 Trisidos yongei Iredale, 1939 Gulf of Thailand. NOETIIDAE Stewart, 1930 Striarca Conrad, 1862 Striarca symmetrica (Reeve, 1844) Verilarca Iredale, 1939 Verilarca sinensis (Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931) GLYCYMERIDIDAE Newton, 1922 Tucetona Iredale, 1931 New record Tucetona pectunculus (Linne, 1758) MYTILIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Modiolus Lamarck, 1799

LUCINIDAE Fleming, 1828 Lucina Bruguiere, 1797 Lucina argentea Reeve, 1850 Learn Pak Bea, Phetchaburi, Gulf of Thailand. Ctena Morch, 1860. New record * Ctena divergens (Philippi, 1850) [AK det.J recorded as Epicodia divergens by Nielsen (1976). CRASSATELLIDAE Ferussac, 1822 Bathytormus Stewart, 1930. New record. * Bathytormus radiatus (Sowerby, 1829) recorded as Crassatella radiata by Nateewathana et al. (1981). Talabrica Iredale, 1924. New record * Talabrica ziczac (Reeve, 1842) recorded as Crassatella ziczag by Nateewathana et al. (1981). MACTRIDAE Lamarck, 1809 Mactra Linnaeus, 1767 Mactra violacea Gmelin, 1791 Spisula Gray, 1837. New record Heterocardia Deshayes, 1855. New record Heterocardia gibbosula (Stoliczka, 1871) Learn Pak Bea, Phetchaburi, Gulf of Thailand.


MESODESMATIDAE Gray J.E., 1839 . Paphies Lesson, 1831. New record Paphies striata (Gmelin, 1791) recorded as Atactodea glabrata by Nielsen (1976). PHARIDAE Adams & Adams, 1858 Phaxas Leach in Gray, 1852 Phaxas marmoratus (Dunker, 1861) TELLINIDAE Blainville, 1814 Tellina Linnaeus, 1758 Tellina rostrata Linne, 1758 Tellina cygnus Hanley, 1846 Tellinides Lamarck, 1818. New record Tellinides sinuata (Spengler, 1798) syn. Tellina timorensis

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PSAMMOBIIDAE Fleming, 1828 Gari Schumacher, 1817 Gari truncata (Linne, 1758) Gulf of Thailand. DONACIDAE Fleming, 1828 Donax Linnaeus, 1758 Donax semigranosus Dunker, 1872 Learn nae Pim, Rayong, Gulf of Thai land, abundant in surf zone. TRAPEZIIDAE Lamy, 1920 Neotrapezium Habe, 1951. New record Species not identified GLOSSIDAE Poli, 1795 Meiocardia Adams & Adams, 1857 Meiocardia sanguineomaculata (Dunker, 1882) [JK det.] VENERIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 Meretrix Lamarck, 1799 Meretrix casta (Gmelin, 1791) Periglypta Jukes-Browne, 1914 Periglypta clathrata (Deshayes, 1854) Placamen Iredale, 1925 Placamen calophyllum (Philippi, 1836) Proxichione Iredale, 1929. New record Proxichione chemnitzii (Hanley, 1845)

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Sunetta Link, 1807 Sunetta truncata (Deshayes, 1853) CORBULIDAE Lamarck, 1818 Solidocorbula Habe, 1949. New record Solidocorbula erythrodon (Lamarck, 1818) [AK det.]

REFERENCES Hylleberg, J., A. Nateewathana & B. Chatananthawej. 1985a. Temporal changes in sediment characteristics on the west coast of Phuket island. - Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin 37: 1-16. Hylleberg, J., A. Nateewathana & B. Chatananthawej. 1985b. Temporal changes in the macrobenthos on the west coast of Phuket Island, with emphasis on the effects of offshore tin mining. - Phuket Manne Biological Center Research Bulletin 38: 1-32. Nateewathana,A., P. Tantichodok, S. Bussarawich & R. Sirivejabandhu. 1981. Marine organisms in the Reference Collection. - Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin 28: 4386. Nielsen, C. 1976. An illustrated checklist of bivalves from PMBC beach with a reef-flat at Bhuket, Thailand. - Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin 9: 1-7.· Phongsuwan, N. 1991. Recolonization of a coral reef damaged by a storm on Phuket Island. Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin 56: 75-83. Tantanasiriwong, R. 1978. An illustrated checklist ofmarine shelled gastropods from Phuket Island, adjacent mainland and offshore islands, western Peninsular Thailand. - Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin 21: 1-22. Taylor, J.D., Y.I. Kan~or& A.v. Sysoev. 1993. Foregut anatonm feeding mechanisms, rela~ tionships and classific~tion of the Conoidea (= Toxoglossa). Bull~tin\ofthe Natural History Museum of London (Zo.Qlogical) 59(2): ~ . 125-170.

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