2. Biology 1H Specimen Paper. Do not write outside the box. Answer all
questions in the spaces provided. 1. Hormones regulate the functions of many
organs.
Specimen Paper Centre Number
For Examiner’s Use
Candidate Number
Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question
General Certificate of Secondary Education Higher Tier
Mark
1 2
4
Unit Biology B1
H
Biology For this paper you must have: a ruler. You may use a calculator.
Instructions
6 7 8 9
10 11 12 TOTAL
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Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the space provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.
5
AF
Unit Biology B1
Time allowed 60 minutes
3
Biology 1H
T
Science A
Information
The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 60. You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Question 7 should be answered in continuous prose. In this question you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
D
Advice In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
Biology 1H
Do not write outside the box
2 Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
1
Hormones regulate the functions of many organs. Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. liver.
1 (a)
Hormones control the monthly release of an egg from the woman’s
ovary.
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womb. (1 mark)
glands.
Hormones also control the thickness of the lining of her
ovary.
AF
1 (b)
womb.
1 (c)
(1 mark)
Hormones given to women to stimulate the release of eggs
contraceptive
are called
fertility
drugs.
R
performance enhancing
Hormones given to women to prevent the release of eggs
D
1 (d)
(1 mark)
are called
contraceptive fertility
drugs.
performance enhancing (1 mark)
4
Biology 1H Specimen Paper
Do not write outside the box
3
2
A student grew a plant in an upright pot. Later she then clamped the pot in a horizontal position.
2 (a)
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The diagram shows the potted plant two days later.
Describe what happened to the plant during the two days that the pot was clamped in a horizontal position.
4 The photograph shows people demonstrating against the sale of GM foods.
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3
Read the information about GM food crops.
Herbicide-resistant GM crops produce higher yields.
Scientists are uncertain about how eating GM food affects our health. Insect-resistant GM crops reduce the total use of pesticides. GM crops might breed naturally with wild plants.
Seeds for GM crops can be bought from only one manufacturer.
The number of bees may fall in areas where GM crops are grown.
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Use only this information to answer these questions.
3 (a)
Many farmers are in favour of growing GM crops. Give two reasons why.
Some people are against the growing of GM crops. Give two reasons why. 1 ....................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 2 .......................................................................................................................................
DO DO NOT NOT WRITE WRITE ON ON THIS THIS PAGE PAGE ANSWER ANSWER IN IN THE THE SPACES SPACES PROVIDED PROVIDED
Biology 1H Specimen Paper
Do not write outside the box
7
4
Viruses cause many diseases. Children are given vaccines to protect them against viral disease. Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
4 (a)
It is difficult to kill viruses inside the body because
are not affected by drugs. live inside cells. produce antitoxins.
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viruses
(1 mark)
4 (b)
AF
active A vaccine contains an
infective
form of the virus.
inactive
(1 mark)
antibiotics.
4 (c)
The vaccine stimulates the white blood cells to produce
antibodies.
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drugs.
(1 mark)
D
Question 4 continues on the next page
Turn over Biology 1H Specimen Paper
Do not write outside the box
8 In the 1990s many people thought that the MMR vaccine caused autism in some children. This is why the Japanese government stopped using the MMR vaccine.
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AF
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The graph gives information about the percentage of Japanese children who developed autism during the 1990s.
Describe how the percentage of children vaccinated with the MMR vaccine changed between 1990 and 1995.
Does the data in the graph support a link between MMR vaccination and autism? Draw a ring around your answer. Yes / No Explain the reason for your answer. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................
Some athletes use steroid drugs containing testosterone to improve their performance. Athletic authorities have banned testosterone. The authorities test athletes for use of testosterone. Using testosterone can result in serious side effects. A Science magazine and a UK TV channel jointly sponsored an investigation into the effectiveness of testosterone. Both of the sponsors reported the results of the investigation.
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In the investigation: scientists monitored the performance of 18 male athletes over a six-week training programme
nine athletes were given weekly injections of testosterone, at a dose of 3.5 milligrams per kilogram of body mass, for six weeks
AF
the other nine athletes were given a placebo
the athletes’ performance on a bench press exercise was measured at 3 weeks and 6 weeks.
D
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The graph shows the results of the investigation.
Biology 1H Specimen Paper
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11
5 (a)
Give one way in which this investigation was a fair test. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... (1 mark)
5 (b)
Suggest what was given as a placebo in this investigation. .........................................................................................................................................
Most internet advertisements for testosterone state that athletes need to use testosterone for at least 10 weeks to significantly improve performance. Do the results of this investigation support the statement in the advertisements?
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Draw a ring around your answer. Yes / No Give one reason for your answer.
When the investigation was shown on TV many people complained that the investigation was unethical. Suggest one reason why. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... (1 mark)
6 Turn over Biology 1H Specimen Paper
Do not write outside the box
12
6
The drawings show a dandelion plant and goosegrass plant.
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AF
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The drawings are not drawn to the same scale.
Dandelions have become adapted to live in lawns and in fields where animals feed. Goosegrass has become adapted to live alongside hedges.
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Use the information in the drawings to answer the questions.
Biology 1H Specimen Paper
Do not write outside the box
13
Suggest the advantage to the plants of each of the following features: 6 (a)
the dandelion leaves are flat on the ground ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... (1 mark)
6 (b)
the thick root of the dandelion
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......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) the long stems of the goosegrass
A person accidentally touches a hot pan. Her hand automatically moves away from the pan.
AF
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The diagram shows the structures involved in this action.
Describe fully how the structures shown in the diagram bring about this reflex action. In this question you will get marks for using good English, organising information clearly and using scientific words correctly.
Microorganisms live in a wide range of environmental conditions.
8 (a)
Some microorganisms called extremophiles are adapted to live in extreme conditions. Give two types of habitat in which extremophiles can survive. 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) Describe the role of microorganisms in the carbon cycle.
Give the gender and face colour of the cloned lamb. Gender ......................................................... Face-colour .................................................. (1 mark)
9 (c) (ii) Explain the reason for your choice. .........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT NOT WRITE WRITE ON ON THIS THIS PAGE PAGE DO ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
Biology 1H Specimen Paper
Do not write outside the box
19
The diagram shows a pyramid of biomass for a food chain of four organisms.
10 (a)
What is the source of energy for the food chain?
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10
10 (b)
AF
......................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) The biomass is different at each level in the pyramid. Explain why.
20 Giraffes feed on the leaves of trees and other plants in areas of Africa.
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11
Darwin explained the evolution of the long neck in terms of getting leaves from the tall trees. Recently, scientists have tried to explain how the long neck of the giraffe might have evolved.
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These are some of the scientists’ observations.
Giraffes spend almost all the dry season, when there is not much food, feeding from low bushes. Only in the wet season do they feed from tall trees when there are plenty of new leaves.
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Females spend over 50 % of their time feeding with their necks horizontal. Both sexes feed faster and most often with their necks bent. Long giraffe necks are very important in male-to-male combat. Males fight each other with their long, powerful necks! Female giraffes prefer male giraffes with longer necks.
Biology 1H Specimen Paper
Do not write outside the box
21
11 (a)
Do the observations support or reject the explanation that the long neck of the giraffe evolved to get leaves from tall trees? Draw a ring around your answer. Support / Reject Explain the reason for your answer. ......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................
Use the scientists’ recent observations to give another explanation for the evolution of the long neck of the male giraffe. .........................................................................................................................................
Turn over for the next question Turn over Biology 1H Specimen Paper
22
12
Do not write outside the box
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death. The risk of death from this disease can be reduced by using drugs. Two of these drugs are statins and aspirin. Read the information about the two drugs.
Drug companies make statins. Drug companies have done lots of studies on how effective statins are. In these studies, 30 000 patients were monitored over several years. Statins were found to reduce the rate of nonfatal heart attacks by about 30 %.
Aspirin has been available for many years. It was extracted from the bark of willow trees hundreds of years ago and used to treat fever. Aspirin is now made artificially. Treatment with aspirin can cost about £10 per year. In a study of 1000 patients, aspirin was found to cause bleeding of the stomach in around 0.5 % of patients and there was a slightly increased risk of poor blood clotting.
AF
Approximately 0.1 % of the patients suffered serious muscle damage and 0.01 % suffered kidney failure.
Aspirin
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Statins
D
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The cost of treating patients with statins can vary between £150 and £500 per year, depending on the type of heart condition being treated.
Biology 1H Specimen Paper
Aspirin was found to reduce the risk of non-fatal heart attacks by 31 %.
23
Do not write outside the box
Some drug companies claim that statins should be used rather than aspirin to reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. Use the information to evaluate the drug companies’ claim. Remember to give a conclusion to your evaluation based on the evidence. ......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................
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