Welcome. GCSE History ... Use sources A & B - What can you learn from these
sources about the changing ... limited impact on medical treatment at the time.(9).
Welcome GCSE History Information Evening
History Exams - June 2013 Medicine and Treatment One hour & 15 mins Monday 3rd June - 2:00
Work of the Historian One hour & 15 mins Wednesday 19th June - 2:00
What is on the exam paper ?
Session One History of Medicine
Guess Who ??
Hippocrates Claudius Galen Andreas Vesalius William Har vey Edward Jenner Louis Pasteur Robert Koch Florence Nightingale Mary Seacole John Snow Alexander Fleming Florey and Chain
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What is on the Medicine paper
6 mins
4 Marks
Question 1
How to make an inference
Question 1 is compulsory (4 marks). It will ask you to make an inference from two sources and will normally focus on change or continuity
Inference Question 1 will ask you to make an inference from a source. This means to get ‘messages’ from the the sources or to ‘read between the lines’ As you read the source, underline words or phrases that give you a message - it can be as little as one word - ‘the person is happy’. Always begin your answer with ‘This source suggests...’
Write down three improvements in hospitals due to the arrival of Nightingale
Medicine & Treatment
Source A - A Drawing of a leper from the Middle Ages. He carries a bell to warn people to keep away.
Source B - A Vaccination leaflet produced by the NHS in 1999. Tells people about the a vaccination to prevent Meningitis.
Use sources A & B - What can you learn from these sources about the changing methods of dealing with infectious disease? Explain using the sources (4 Marks)
Answer Methods of preventing disease has changed a lot Source A - avoid people - separation Source B - Gov. playing a role Vaccinations have become important More organised
Question 2
Worth 9 marks 13 mins Choose one of the options in the box
What Kind of Questions What did they do
How did it impact later discoveries
Get a choice of 2 individuals or developments in Medicine Importance - why an individual or event is important in History of Medicine
What helped them?
Limits of the discovery
The boxes below show two important discoveries in medicine. Choose one discovery and explain why it had such a limited impact on medical treatment at the time.(9) William Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of the blood in the seventeenth century.
Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin in 1928
- Explain what it was like before their discovery - Explain what they discovered and how - Explain the impact on Medicine (or limitations of their discovery & what it led too...
Answer in three stages - Alexander Fleming Start with what things were like BEFORE this key discovery ʻBefore Alexander Flemingʼs discovery people believed…….ʼ 2. Then explain what this key discovery was and how it changed things ʻFleming discovered that…..this meant that….ʼ 3. Explain what it led to ʻFlemingʼs breakthrough was very important because….. This meant that…….. This led to……ʼ
Vesalius
Harvey
Jenner
Nightingale Seacole
The importance of Individuals..... Pasteur Koch
Fleming Snow
Question 3 or 4
12 Marks You get a choice of two - only answer one!
Types of questions (3/4) Why something changed in medicine In what ways things have changed How far something has helped or hindered change How important was a person or development
How to answer question 3/4 Give at least 3 reasons why something happened/developed/changed You need to link the reasons together - say how they led to one another Brief conclusion - which reason(s) is the most important and why...
ONES TO TRY - •To what extent did the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming improve the treatment of infections?
•To what extent did the work of Vesalius and Harvey improve medical treatments?
•How far was the treatment of infectious disease transformed by 1900? •To what extent did the discovery of ‘magic bullets’ in the 20th century improve the fight against disease?
•To what extent was the creation of the NHS the most important factor in improving health in the 20th century?
Technology War
The importance of developments Religion Government
Question 5/6 Focus on Public Health You either answer question 5 or 6 Each question has two parts part a = 9 marks (12 mins) part b = 16 marks (24 mins)
Give yourself enough time!!
Public Health from Romans to 1350 (a) Describe the key features of the medical training of physicians in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. (9 marks) (b) How much continuity was there from the Roman period to the end of the Middle Ages in medical treatments and home remedies? You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own. (16 marks) •# In the Roman period the father was responsible for most treatments within the family. •# The Christian Church taught that saints could heal sick people through miracles. • In 1348 - blood letting was a treatment still used during the black death.
Public Health 1350 to Present day (a) Explain why people living in towns had problems getting fresh water in the period 1350–1750. (9 marks) (b) How important was the work of Edwin Chadwick in improving public health in towns in the nineteenth century? (16 marks) You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own. •# In 1842 Edwin Chadwick published a report on the living conditions of the poor. •# Louis Pasteur published his germ theory in 1861. •# Public Health Acts were passed in 1848 and 1875. •! Public Health Acts were passed in 1848 and 1875.
Points to remember Exam in 1 hour and 15 mins It is worth 25% of final mark You must answer four questions The paper is out of 50 marks 1.5 min per mark
Session Two W OT H ork
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istorian
One hour & 15 mins
Work of the Historian
Five Questions
Question 1 Worth 6 marks 9 Mins You have to make two inferences from a source Sound familiar You should make sure you support your inferences from using specific evidence from the source
Question 1 Question 1: What can you learn from Source A… •
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You need to work out something that is not stated in the source – for example, people’s attitude, the fact that something was difficult, or an overall impression. You also need to show which bit of the source you have used to make that inference. You need to make and support TWO inferences to get full marks. Some sentence starters could be: This source suggests…You can see this in the picture…
Question 2 Worth 8 marks 12 minutes. You need to explain what impression the source is giving you and support this with points from the source.
Question 2: What impression/ How does the artist convey/ Why do you think this painting was done… •
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This question is about portrayal – the way something is presented. The source could be visual or written. In a visual source you might want to comment on the way items or people are grouped in the picture, the way light and colour are used to draw your attention, the expression on people’s faces and so on. In a written source, you should comment on the language used and the way that points are arranged – for example, does the author highlight all the positive points and only cover negative ones very briefly at the end? Remember to explain these and LINK them to parts of the source.
What impression of the fire has the artist tried to create? 1. What has the source concentrated on? 2. ACORN 3. Purpose
Question 3 Work 10 marks 15 mins Cross reference Compare and contrast two sources
Question 3: How far do sources B, C and D… CROSS REFERENCING QUESTIONS These questions will usually ask you how much the sources support a statement. Test the source! •
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The easiest way to start is draw a quick table which you can see how the sources agree or disagree with each other. Also think about how reliable the source is (e.g. a photograph could have been staged). A paragraph could start with: Sources A, B and C all suggest that…..Source D though…. To get top marks you need to come to an overall judgement at the end to answer the question. For example you could use: ‘Overall I feel that sources B and C definitely suggest the new arrivals were always made welcome because…’
Question 4
Worth 10 marks 15 mins Asks you to compare two sources and say which one is the most useful/valuable/reliable
Question 4: Which of Sources X or Y is more valuable to the historian … •
This question usually asks you to look at two sources and decide which is the more valuable or useful to the historian. You answer this by considering TWO things.
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A source’s usefulness or value depends partly on how much of the source content is relevant to the historian’s enquiry – does it tell you everything you need to know?
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Equally important is the reliability of the source – can you trust the information? Ask yourself: Does the person who produced this source know the full truth? Is the person who created this source telling the full truth?
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Remember to make judgement as to which source is more valuable Other things to consider:
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Not all sources from the time are reliable or that sources produced at a later date must be reliable.
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Learn about the different types of sources available and the advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Avoid making general comments that could apply to lots of sources; make your comments about this specific source.
Question 5 Worth 16 marks 24 mins Divide question into 2 parts 8 marks - difficulty of finding evidence for the period the sources are focused on 8 marks - students need to offer suggestions about possible sources which could be used to investigate the topic
Question 5: Study Source G. ‘This source suggests that ____________________’. Explain the difficulties in finding proof of this and suggest other research the historian could do to check this claim about ___________________. 25 mins
The easiest way to answer this question is by splitting the answer into two: •
Study Source G. ‘This source suggests that ____________________’. Explain the difficulties in finding proof of this…
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Make sure you mention source G in this part and any other source from the paper if you wish.
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What difficulties could there be? For example think about evidence that could have been destroyed, sources unavailable at the time or sources that could be difficult to work with or read.
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…suggest other research the historian could do to check this claim about
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Identify two or three ways that may help you answer your main question. Explain how they will answer the main question. Identify types of sources which will help you answer the question. These must be relevant to the period of the topic! Explain what evidence they will give you and how that will help answer the question and solve the problem. The most important thing to remember is keep focused on the topic in the exam paper! If it is on the Titanic, say why researching diaries would be useful to find out if the crew were responsible for sinking the ship etc. Do not make general points that could apply to any topic, i.e. diaries are good because they are peoples thoughts.
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• A - Attitude • C-C • O - Origin • R - Reliability • N - Nature
You need to learn and revise Acorn
Learn positive/negatives of different sources Source
Advan
Disadvan
Diaries
Day to day eyewitness account
Only one persons point of view Ulterior motive?
Posters
Reflect a view of given period
Propaganda
Photo
Accurate detail
Still image staged distorted view
Biography
experience of the time
one view biased
Cartoon
Popular culture
Exaggerated
Memoirs
Direct experiences
Maybe clouded by hindsight
Revision for WOTH Work on making source inferences Cross Referencing of sources The usefulness of sources. Give opinions. Understand the difficulties historians face. YOUR TEACHERS WILL HELP HERE.
Other stuff “My Revision Notes, Edexcel GCSE. By Sally Thorne & Dan Hartley. IBSN - 978-1444-1-6929-4 E-books on First Class for both topics. Edexcel Exam papers and markschemes. App: http://www.edexcel.com/i-am-a/student/Pages/ Past_papers_app.aspx SNHS website for useful revision sites.
Good Luck Please ask your history teacher if you have any questions!
