+++ SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL +++
Giant rockslides from the inside Johannes T. Weidinger1,2*, Oliver Korup3, Henry Munack3, Uwe Altenberger3, Stuart A. Dunning4, Gerold Tippelt5, Werner Lottermoser5 1
Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, A-‐5020 Salzburg, Austria
2
Erkudok Institute, A-‐4810 Gmunden, Austria
3
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
4
Geography and Environment Management, Northumbria University, Newcastle-‐Upon-‐Tyne NE1 8ST, United
Kingdom 5
Material Sciences and Physics, University of Salzburg, A-‐5020 Salzburg
*Corresponding author (e-‐mail:
[email protected]‐potsdam.de)
No.
Sample
Process
ID
Source
Facies
Description
1
Altenbürg
Nördlinger Ries, GER
Impact
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Dzongri Hetzau Khalsar MB 1 Khalsar MB 3 Khalsar P2 Khalsar P3 Khalsar P5 Khardung MB 2 Otting
Dzongri Hetzau (Almtal), AT Khalsar, Shyok valley, IN Khalsar, Shyok valley, IN Khalsar, Shyok valley, IN Khalsar, Shyok valley, IN Khalsar, Shyok valley, IN Khalsar, Shyok valley, IN Nördlinger Ries, GER
Rockslide Rockslide Rockslide Rockslide Rockslide Rockslide Rockslide Rockslide Impact
11 12 13
Tsergo Ri P2 Tsergo Ri P4 Tsergo Ri
Tsergo Ri, Langthang, NP Tsergo Ri, Langthang, NP Tsergo Ri, Langthang, NP
Rockslide Rockslide Rockslide
Impact-breccia, Rieskrater Suevit incl. glass Micro-breccia, PSS Breccia Micro-breccia Micro-breccia Base Facies Frictionite Base Facies Micro-breccia Impact-breccia, Rieskrater Suevit incl. glass Micro-breccia, PSS Micro-breccia, PSS Micro-breccia
1
Selfrag process parameters Electrode n Pulses n Effective U f gap 1 Pulses [mm] [kV] [Hz]
Selfrag
10
250
~50
90
3
Selfrag Selfrag Elutriation Elutriation Selfrag Selfrag Selfrag Elutriation Selfrag
10 10 10 10 10 10
250 250 250 250 250 250
~50 ~50
~50
90 90 90 90 90 90
3 3 3 3 3 3
Selfrag Selfrag Selfrag
10 10 10
250 250 250
~50 ~50 ~50
90 90 90
3 3 3
Effective pulses: Sample is in water when processed with Selfrag. Effective pulses affect the sample; ineffective pulses just cross water body; audible difference. PSS - primary sliding surface; TSS - tertiary sliding surface Organic material was not found in the samples. Table S1. List of micro-breccia samples used for particle size analysis.
~50 ~50 ~50
Class limits
sieved and weighted
[µm] < 63 µm 64 - 124 125 - 249 250 - 354 355 - 499 500 - 629 630 - 709 710 - 999 1000 - 1399 1400 - 1999 2000 - 2799 2800 - 3999 > 4000 total
< 63µm fraction; counted with particle sizer; upper class limits
[µm] 0.90 1.10 1.30 1.50 1.80 2.20 2.60 3.10 3.70 4.30 5.00 6.00 7.50 9.00 10.50 12.50 15.00 18.00 21.00 25.00 30.00 36.00 43.00 51.00 61.00 73.00 87.00 103.00
Altenbürg Dzongri Hetzau Khalsar MB 1 Khalsar MB 3 Khardung MB Otting Khalsar P2 Khalsar P3 Khalsar P5 Tsergo Ri P2 Tsergo Ri P4 Tsergo Ri 2 [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] 26.15 16.53 31.69 5.51 12.02 8.75 3.11 6.84 4.97 2.91 1.41 0.87 0.00 120.76
46.42 9.07 13.41 0.75 4.11 2.47 0.58 1.42 0.99 0.73 0.51 0.22 0.19 80.87
51.58 6.99 11.13 5.55 6.68 7.16 2.38 8.69 9.11 11.57 11.54 11.95 40.46 184.77
46.88 15.30 15.89 5.10 5.64 3.85 1.34 3.07 2.06 1.47 1.34 0.88 1.06 103.87
33.02 12.01 16.52 1.45 4.82 3.35 1.07 3.29 2.73 2.80 2.39 1.55 14.70 99.70
[%]
[%]
[%]
[%]
[%]
2.43 3.66 4.85 5.99 7.62 9.67 11.60 13.84 16.33 18.63 21.09 24.28 28.53 32.31 35.74 39.96 44.85 50.31 55.38 61.55 68.48 75.78 82.90 89.17 94.47 98.06 99.68 100.00
9.53 14.03 18.14 21.89 26.87 32.63 37.58 42.78 47.96 52.31 56.57 61.58 67.48 72.05 75.69 79.67 83.74 87.62 90.69 93.68 96.21 98.10 99.31 99.87 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
10.71 15.60 19.90 23.67 28.48 33.81 38.23 42.80 47.43 51.48 55.70 60.98 67.38 72.30 76.14 80.24 84.29 88.02 90.87 93.60 95.92 97.72 98.95 99.67 99.95 100.00 100.00 100.00
4.07 6.06 7.93 9.69 12.14 15.13 17.88 21.02 24.46 27.61 30.96 35.22 40.63 45.13 48.98 53.44 58.34 63.47 67.95 73.04 78.36 83.62 88.52 92.74 96.31 98.75 99.81 100.00
3.89 5.79 7.57 9.24 11.55 14.39 16.99 19.98 23.27 26.33 29.63 33.92 39.58 44.50 48.84 53.97 59.59 65.39 70.37 75.85 81.36 86.51 91.03 94.66 97.48 99.27 99.91 100.00
Table S2 Par$cle-‐size distribu$on from weigh$ng (63 -‐
