GIS 1. •GIS Tutorial, Third Edition. GIS Lecture 8: Geocoding. 100. 198. 101 ...
GIS 4. •GIS Tutorial, Third Edition. Geocoding. •Address Matching. - Process of ...
GIS Lecture 8: Geocoding 100 101
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
Elm Street
198 199
GIS 1
Outline •Geocoding Overview •Linear (Street) Geocoding •Problems and Solutions •Polygon Geocoding •Geocoding in ArcGIS
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 2
Geocoding Overview
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 3
Geocoding
•Address Matching -
Process of creating geometric representations for locations (point features) from descriptions of locations (addresses)
• Displays tabular data containing addresses as points on a map
• Finds locations on a map easily •GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 4
Geocoding Examples •
Emergency dispatch operators geocode an address to determine who should respond to an emergency call
•
County health director maps personal care and nursing homes and compares them to elderly population by neighborhood
•
Business maps store locations and compares to competitor locations
More?
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 5
Source data Tabular data
• street addresses • zip codes
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 6
Destination data Geographic Data
• street centerlines • zip code polygons
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GIS 7
Linear (Street) Geocoding
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GIS 8
Address Components Number Street Name
123 Oak ST E, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Type
123 Oak ST E, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
123 Oak ST E, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Direction, suffix 123 Oak ST E, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Direction, prefix 123 E Oak ST, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Unit Number
123 Oak ST E, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Zone, city
123 Oak ST E, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Zone, zip code 123 Oak ST E, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Items for Single Number Street Address: Address 123 Oak ST E
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
Unit Apt. 2
City Zip Code Pittsburgh 15213
GIS 9
Linear Geocoding (Streets) Urban street maps - four street address numbers ranging from low to high for each side of a street segment.
100
Oak Street
199
101
Left_from 100 •GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
Left_to 198
198
Right_from 101
Right_to 199
Street_name OAK
Type ST GIS 10
Geocoding Steps Original Address: 125 East Oak Street 15213 Address Parced: |125| East|Oak|Street| 15213 Abbreviations Standardized: |125|E|Oak|St| 15213 Elements Assigned to Match Keys: [HN]:125 [SN]:Oak[ST]:St [SD]:E [ZP]:15213
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 11
Geocoding Steps Candidates Identified: 125 West Oak Street 15213 From
To
Street
Type
Side
Parity
Direction
Street_
2
98
Oak
St
R
E
W
4344
1
99
Oak
St
L
O
W
4345
100
198
Oak
St
R
E
E
4346
101
199
Oak
St
L
O
E
4357
Candidates Scored and Filtered: From
To
Street
Type
Side
Parity
Direction
Street_
100
198
Oak
St
R
E
E
4346
101
199
Oak
St
L
O
E
4357
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 12
Major Geocoding Steps Best Candidate Matched From
To
Street
Type
Side
Parity
Direction
Street_
101
199
Oak
St
R
O
E
4357
Oak St 98
100
198
1
99
101
199
Pine Av
2
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
123
GIS 13
Geocoding Flowchart
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 14
Theoretical vs. Actual address ranges Lt_from 1101
Lt_to 1199
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
Rt_from 1100
Rt_to 1198
Lt_from 1101
Lt_to 1161
Rt_from 1100
Rt_to 1160
GIS 15
Problems and Solutions
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 16
Possible Problems Variations in Street Names • Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV • Saw Mill Run, Route 51
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GIS 17
Possible Problems Variations in Street Names • Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV • Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors • Fidth Avenue • Sawmill Run
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GIS 18
Possible Problems Variations in Street Names • Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV • Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors • Fidth Avenue • Sawmill Run Place Names • White House, Heinz Field, Empire State Building
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 19
Possible Problems Variations in Street Names • Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV • Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors • Fidth Avenue • Sawmill Run Place Names • White House, Heinz Field, Empire State Building Intersections • 5th AV and Craig ST
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 20
Possible Problems Variations in Street Names • Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV • Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors • Fidth Avenue • Sawmill Run Place Names • White House, Heinz Field, Empire State Building Intersections • 5th AV and Craig ST Zones • 100 Main ST 15101, 100 Main ST 16202
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 21
Possible Problems Variations in Street Names • Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV • Saw Mill Run, Route 51 Data Entry Errors • Fidth Avenue • Sawmill Run Place Names • White House, Heinz Field, Empire State Building Intersections • 5th AV and Craig ST Zones • 100 Main ST 15101, 100 Main ST 16202 Post Office Boxes • P.O. Box 125 •GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 22
Solutions Clean your data before geocoding Use postal address standards • Publication 28 of the U.S. Post Office (2000) provides standard street address formats
Use Standard Intersection Connectors
•&|@
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 23
Street Intersections •Put street intersections in address field Forbes AV & Craig ST Grant ST & 5th AV E North Star RD & Duncan AV •Do not include street numbers 3999 Forbes Ave & 100 Craig ST •Connectors Any unusual character (e.g., &, @, |) Just be consistent •GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 24
Solutions Use Alias Table Alias
Address
White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Heinz Field
100 Art Rooney Avenue
Empire State Building
350 5th Ave
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 25
Other Geocoding Layers • Polygons - parcels, census blocks, tracts, places, counties, etc.
• Points - landmarks such as churches, schools, and other cultural features represented as points
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GIS 26
Polygon Geocoding
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GIS 27
Polygon Geocoding •
Polygon features can be identified by their parcel numbers, postal zip, or zip+4 codes •Parcel_Number (1046) •ZIP (15218) •ZIP + 4 (15218-1234)
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GIS 28
Polygon Geocoding (Zip Codes) Points created at zip code centroids
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GIS 29
Polygon Geocoding (Zip Codes) Spatially join to make choropleth map
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GIS 30
Geocoding in ArcGIS
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GIS 31
Create Address Locator ArcCatalog
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GIS 32
Choose Address Locator style Skeleton of the Address Locator Based on data tables and reference layer
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GIS 33
Address Locator styles
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GIS 34
Choose reference layer Streets, ZIP Codes
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GIS 35
Address Locator parameters
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GIS 36
Geocode in ArcMap •Add tabular data and streets layer •Add your Address Locator •Geocode addresses •View geocoding results •Interactively rematch addresses
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 37
Address rematching Investigate unmatched addresses • Generally requires expertise and knowledge of local streets. • Compare a street name in the attributes of the streets table and the address table.
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GIS 38
Summary •Geocoding Overview •Linear (Street) Geocoding •Problems and Solutions •Polygon Geocoding •Geocoding in ArcGIS
•GIS Tutorial, Third Edition
GIS 39
* Tutorial 8 tip * • don’t worry if your geocoding Results are different percentages than shown in the book.
• if it tells you to Re-match a record that is already matched, just skip to the next step.
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GIS 40
