Global Collaborations Between Public Gardens to ...

2 downloads 0 Views 10MB Size Report
management of alien plants on American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) plantations in two districts of the Brest region in. Belarus were conducted.
Global Collaborations Between Public Gardens to Preserve Plant Biodiversity Botanic sessions Beyond the borders to conserve genetic diversity: Cross-gardens, cross-countries and cross-continents

Nastassia Vlasava Alena Spirydovich Arkady Skuratovich and Vladimir N. Reshetnikov

Central Botanical gardens NAS of Belarus Institute of Experimental Botany NAS of Belarus

Collaboration Belarus-US Botanical gardens Active partners: • Landscape Arboretum of the University of Minnesota • Matthaei Botanical garden and Nichols Arboretum of University of Michigan • Longwood Gardens • Missouri Botanical Gardens

Areas of Collaboration • • •

• • •

Biodiversity conservation expeditions (US Mid West trip, South East, Mississippi River and Itasca State Park, Belarus nature areas) Seminars Native flora conservation activity: Comparative research of common to US Midwest and Belarus groups of plants (Orchidaceae, Pteridiophyta, aquatic plants, conifers); Rare ecosystems conservation; Genetic banking (seed/ DNA/ tissue culture). Controlling invasive species : In natural areas of Minnesota and Belarus; Cranberry weed control. Genotyping of genetic diversity of field collections – Paeonia. Coming: Grapes, Syringa, Pines, etc. Exchange of certified plant material (grapes, lilacs, peonies, pines, etc.).

Biodiversity conservation expeditions • • • •

US Mid West trip US South East North of Minnesota Belarus nature areas Monitoring of the sites for conservation Herbarium specimens collection Developing future projects

USA Middle West 2012

Expedition to South West of USA, 2013

Glacial Lake State Park, MN - 2014

International Seminars with expedition in Belarus Minsk SPNI Belarus 2013 2014 2015

2013

Minsk, 1.06.2015

Aconitum lycoctonum L. monitoring, Vitsebsk June 2015

Roadside vegetation ecosystems biodiversity enrichment and sustaining

Conservation of the plant resources History of selection

Collections maintaining Genotype identification

Genetic Monitoring of rare species

Applied

Evolution and phylogenetics

Applied

Basic research

Genetic Diversity conservation of cultivated and natural flora

Adventive flora control

Comparative endangered / common Orchids genetic diversity investigation:

Objects: • • • • • • • •

Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. / var.brachypoda Listera cordata (L.) R. R. Liparis loeselii Cypripedium calceolus L./ Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. parviflorum Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) Corallorhiza trifida Châtel. Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz

Creation of a Genetic Banks (Tissue Cultures, Seeds, and DNA) for Orchid Species Endangered in USA and Belarus: Cypripedium spp. In situ conservation

Ex situ conservation

Monitoring

Propagation

Genetic Monitoring DNA banking More sustainable populations

In vitro

Ex situ

Tissue culture banking Seed banking

More weak populations Genetic Resources of American and European Cypripedium Protocols of monitoring, propagation, reintroduction

Genetic monitoring. Population genotyping

Monitoring population and environmental parameters

Sampling At least ~5%

DNA isolation

Calculation of population-genetic parameters based on frequency of alleles Monitoring the dynamics Conservation Programs

PCR / Intra- and Inter population Polymorphism detection Glubokoe

Cherbomyslo

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on RAPD+ISSR loci frequency in populations of Isoёtes lacustris L. Percentages of Molecular Variance

Interregional 6%

Inter population 15%

Intrapopulation variation 79%

Vlasava et. al 2014

Comparative studies of Invasive flora: I. Integrared study of the complex of systematically challenging alien, invasive or potentially invasive species in their secondary habitat: North American species in the secondary habitat within Europe (by the example of Belarus), European species in the secondary habitat within North America (by the example of Minnesota State) : Taxonomy, biology, genetics

Minnesota invasive plants native of Russia/Belarus • Rhamnus cathartica (L.) • Frangula alnus • Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) • Lythrum salicaria, virgatum (L.) • Euphorbia esula L. • Tanacetum vulgare (L.) • Cardamine impatiens L. • Phragmites australis • Daucus carota • Centaurea solstitialis

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Russia/Belarus invasive plants native of Minnesota Bidens frondosa Solidago canadensis Solidago gigantea Echinocystis lobata Acer negundo Amelanchier spicata Elodea canadenis Erigeron annuus Geum macrophyllum Helianthus tuberosa Oenothera biennis Parthenocissus vitacea Robinia pseudoacacia Cyclachaena xanthiifolia

II. Control of the complex of native flora species of North America in the plantations of American culture of the family Ericaceae (Vaccinium corymbosum, V. macrocarpon, V. vitis-ideae, etc.), including weeds of the natural flora of Belarus, potentially invasive to the flora of Europe The estimation of population dynamics of invasive species and monitoring of the results of control management of alien plants on American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) plantations in two districts of the Brest region in Belarus were conducted. Among 22 new for flora of Belarus alien species after three years of systematic work to eliminate them 3 species have reduced their populations, 7 maintain the stabile low abundance, 9 - retained consistently high number, and 3 species have increased population size and moved into natural plant communities. [Skuratovich A., Dubovik D., Miller D. et al. 2015, In Press]

Table - Effect of control measures on the number of alien species Species, reduced the abundance

Species with stable low abundance

Species with stable high abundance

Solidago graminifolia Scirpus cyperinus Cicuta bulbifera

Juncus breviacaudatus Stellaria longipes Eleocharis obtusa Eutrochium aculatum Campanula aparinoides Hypericum boreale Hypericum ellipticum

Carex crawfordii Penthorum sedoides Triadenum fraseri Hypericum canadense Agrostis scabra Ludwigia palustris Lysimachia terrestris Viola pallens Myriophyllum farwellii

Species, increased the abundance Persicaria sagittata Lycopus uniflorus Aster ontarionis

[Skuratovich A., Dubovik D., Miller D. et al. 2015, In Press]

Actuality/ Perspectives: Weed control on cranberry plantation; Protocols elaboration to limit “Newcomers”. Stages of the project:

– The precise taxonomic identification of native species, invasive for the secondary area (USA, Belarus); – Preparation and provision of information about the features of ecology and biology of development and growth of alien for in Belarus species in their natural (primary) habitat. Identifying the factors, that can effectively constrain their distribution (USA, Belarus). – The development of measures to limit their abundance in secondary habitats or areas of introducing (USA, Belarus). – Comparative genetic studies to identify adaptive potential

Genetic differentiation of historic Paeonia collections: certification, conservation and phylogenetic reconstruction of domestication

Principal Coordinates (PCoA) via Covariance matrix with data standardization (Linear Binary Genetic Distance)

Orlenok

Arcturus

P. tenuifolia P. lactiflora Novost' Altaya_K P. mlokosewitschii

PC 2 (5.12 %)

Arlequin A. Crousse A. D'Hour B. de Neige C.d'Or

Novost' Altaya_A

P. anomala_Kaz

Polar Star M. Jules Elie Edulus Superba Mons. Dupont Mme de Verneville Pasteur

P. Renee O. Demay

Mme E. Galle M. Lemoine M. Gerard

P. Reignoux Novost Altaya F. Crousse La Tulipe Mirnyi Belyi Parus Fortune Teller Suruga_etalon Zhemch rossyp' D. de Nemours D.de Wellington Pamiati Gagarina Pobeda Vechernya Moskva M-lle L.Callot La Rosiere Gigantea Mirazh A. Gaidar Mme Boulanger

K. Majestic

Do Tell

Suruga_S

M. d'Hour La Perle M. Crousse

cv Orlenok = P. lactiflora X P. teniufolia (1963 Fomitcheva, USSR)

Wild

Vesennii Zor'ka

Europe

Vostok

USSR USA

PC 1 (6.18 %)

Diagram showing the relationships among 53 accessions of Paeonia based on PCA using 113 SRAP markers Visualization of genetic relationships among Paeonia cultivars and species. PC axis 1 and PC2 were calculated from 49 Paeonia cultivars samples, and 4 Paeonia species were subsequently projected onto these axes (the proportion of the variance in parentheses). PCA was performed on 49 cultivars and 4 species using 113 LDpruned SRAPs. [Vlasava, Michener et al. 2014]

[Vlasava N, Michener D, Yukhimuk A, Gaishun V, Bryant R, Agabalaeva E, Spiridovich E, 2015]

Analysis of relationship of Paeonia accessions by their region of origin (wild species, Europe, USSR and USA) by Nei genetic distance/ similarity indices Table – Nei's genetic identity (above diagonal) and genetic distance (below diagonal) between groups of Paeonia by region of origin Group Wild

Wild

Europe

USSR

USA

****

0.9290

0.9363

0.9018

Europe

0.0736

****

0.9763

0.9683

USSR

0.0658

0.0240

****

0.9544

USA

0.1034

0.0323

0.0467

****

By SRAP data the closest regions are Europe and USSR (genetic distance – 0.024), and most distant are Wild and USA groups (genetic distance – 0.103). At the same time USA and USSR groups are relatively equally distant to the European group analysed (genetic identity 0.97 and 0.98, respectfully). This finding is consistent with the suggestion that US breeders by early 1900s were using novel source material rather than re-breeding only from existing European cultivars.

30

Collaboration activity between Belarus and US botanical gardens

25

Expeditions Talks

20

Seminars/ Conferences 15

Projects, initiated Projects, funded

10

Plant material exchange, taxons 5

Agreements 0 2002

2012

2013

2014

2015

Publications

“It is better to show excessive thrift now than expose to the destruction what thousands and millions of years was created by nature“ Nikolai Vavilov

Thank you for your attention!