GLOSSARY

Glossary

GLOSSARY This glossary provides succinct meanings of terms used in this Code, and also provides reference for other terms which may be used in discussions on the nomenclature of cultivated plants. For a fuller glossary of terms used in nomenclature generally, the user is referred to Hawksworth, D. L. (ed.), A draft glossary of terms used in bionomenclature, I.U.B.S. Monograph No 9, published by the International Union of Biological Sciences, Paris, 1994.

abbreviation a shortening of a word or words using selected letters. See also: acronym, contraction, and initialism. abstracting journal one that publishes summaries or abstracts of articles published elsewhere. accepted name the earliest name for a cultivar, Group, or intergeneric graft-chimaera that must be adopted except in specified circumstances. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 10.1) acronym a pronounceable abbreviation of a phrase consisting of the initial letters of several words. addition sign (+) in nomenclature, the ideograph used to indicate a graft-chimaera. admissible name an unpublished name that is in a form that would permit it to be established. agamospermy used for plants that are able to produce viable seeds without fertilization and whose progeny is, therefore, usually genetically uniform. agriculture the extensive cultivation of non-woody food, fodder, and industrial crops. allopolyploid a polyploid with chromosomes sets derived from different species. alternative terminology use of different terms for the same concept. apomict a plant habitually reproducing by asexual means, e.g., vegetatively, or by producing viable seed (agamospermy) or spores (apospory) without fertilization and whose progeny is therefore usually genetically uniform. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants – Seventh Edition

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Glossary apospory used for plants that are able to produce viable spores without fertilization and whose progeny is, therefore, usually genetically uniform. appropriate epithet one which the etymology relates to some aspect of the item to be named, for example its characters, provenance, or history. arbitrary epithet one formed without regard to etymology or other formal derivation. article a collection of associated rules and recommendations in a Code. artificial classification one that is proposed solely for ease of use and which does not pretend to demonstrate a natural order. asexual propagation (vegetative propagation) the propagation of organisms without fertilization such as by means of agamospermy, cuttings, division, meristem culture, and micropropagation. assignee one who is appointed by a person or organization to act on their behalf. authentic specimen one that has been verified by a raiser or breeder, introducer or author of a name as being representative of the taxonomic unit to which the name is assigned. author the person to whom a name or publication is attributed. author abbreviation an abbreviation of the name of an author used in an author citation. author citation a statement of the name(s) of the author(s) responsible for a publication or the establishment of a name. autograph a text written by hand and not reproduced by machine. autopolyploid a polyploid with chromosome sets derived from a single species or individual. back-cross the cross of a hybrid with one of its own parents. basionym the original name of a genus or epithet in the name of a taxonomic unit of a lower rank than genus published in a new combination. (cf. I.C.B.N. Art. 33.3) bigeneric hybrid one resulting from the sexual union of individuals assigned to different genera.

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binary combination the scientific name of a species consisting of two words, the first word being the name of the genus to which a species belongs and the second being the epithet given to that species to distinguish it from others in the same genus. (cf. I.C.B.N. Art 23.1) binary name – See: binary combination binomen – See: binary combination binomial – See: binary combination bonsai the oriental art of dwarfing trees and other plants in pots. Botanical Code – See: International Code of Botanical Nomenclature botanical Latin – See: Latin botanical name – See: scientific name brackets a pair of marks such as round brackets (...) (in North America often called parentheses), square brackets [...], or curly brackets {...} used as parentheses for enclosing words or numbers so as to separate them from their context. breeder the person or organization developing new or improved groups of plants by selection, hybridization, and similar methods. budwood shoots of scion material from which buds are obtained for budding. category a division in a system of classification. character any one feature of an organism under consideration. chimaera an individual composed of two or more genetically different tissues in intimate association. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.9) circumscribe to make a circumscription. circumscription a statement of the diagnostic limits of a taxonomic unit. classification the systematic grouping of items: a system in which items may be grouped. clone two or more individuals, originally derived from one plant by asexual propagation, which remain genetically identical. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.5).


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Glossary Code one of the international codes of nomenclature, generally referring to its most recent edition. code-name an epithet without evident meaning that is made up of a sequence of connected letters and/or numerals. co-extension

a situation when all plants represented by one name are also represented by another name collective name the single designation covering the progeny of a particular hybrid. colloquial name a name that is used locally but not widely enough to be recognized in the general dictionaries of the language concerned. See also: common name and vernacular name colour mixture seed from field-grown, open-pollinated lines which may or may not be mixed to a particular formula. combination the name of a taxonomic unit below the rank of genus, consisting of the name of a genus with one or two epithets. (cf. I.C.B.N. Art. 6.7) Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants a body promoted by the International Union of Biological Sciences (I.U.B.S.) that formulates the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (I.C.N.C.P.). Commission for Nomenclature and Cultivar Registration a body of the International Society for Horticultural Science (I.S.H.S.) that deals with matters connected with plant naming and to promote the registration of names of cultivated plants. commercial synonym – See: trade designation common name one widely used in any language in place of a scientific name and which is generally to be found in non-technical dictionaries of that language. See also: colloquial name and vernacular name competing name one of those taken into consideration in determining the correct or accepted name for a taxonomic unit. compound word one that is formed by the union of two or more basic components from other words, usually excluding prefixes and suffixes. condensed formula the name of a hybrid genus or graft-chimaeral genus constructed from parts of the names of the parent genera involved. (cf. I.C.B.N. Art. H.6.2) 88


Glossary congeneric belonging to the same genus. connecting vowel one that joins different word elements. conserved name one that, although otherwise contrary to the Rules of a Code, must be adopted as being the accepted name, by ruling of a body responsible for such decisions. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 11.1 & cf. I.C.B.N. Art. 14.4) conspecific belonging to the same species. contraction an abbreviation that shortens a word by removing one or more of its middle letters. correct name the legitimate name which must be adopted under I.C.B.N. Art. 6.6 for a taxonomic unit at the rank of family and below with a particular circumscription, position and rank. covariant a plant whose characteristics are maintained solely by regular practices of cultivation such as by pruning or training. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.20) cross to cause to interbreed (verb): the act of hybridization (noun). cryptic variety a cultivated plant with attributes that cannot readily be taxonomically separated from an existing cultivar. cultigen a species believed not to have originated in the wild. cultivar an assemblage of plants that has been selected for a particular attribute or combination of attributes and that is clearly distinct, uniform, and stable in these characteristics and that when propagated by appropriate means retains those characteristics. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.2) cultivar class – See: denomination class cultivar epithet the defining part of a name that denotes a cultivar. cultivariant – See: topophysic plant Cultivated Plant Code – See: International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants culton (plural: culta) a systematic group of cultivated plants which is based upon one or more user criteria: a word parallel to "taxon" but used solely for a taxonomic unit whose nomenclature is governed by the I.C.N.C.P.


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Glossary cyclophysic cultivar a clone with the same genotype as the original parent plant but differing in its phenotype due to it being originally asexually propagated from specific tissue from a phase in the plant's life cycle. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.7). cytological characters the characteristics within the cellular structure of an organism. date of a name of a cultivar, graft-chimaera, or Group, that of its establishment. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 8.1). date of publication the actual time (day, month and year, or month and year, or at least the year), on which printed matter became available to the general public or to botanical libraries. denomination – See: variety denomination denomination class the taxonomic unit in which cultivar and Group epithets may not be duplicated except in special circumstances. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 5.1) derived variety a cultivar that is derived from an open-pollinated cultivar and which is not considered to be sufficiently distinct from that cultivar to meet the criteria of a DUS test. description a statement of the characters of a particular taxonomic unit: an expanded diagnosis. descriptor a word or phrase appended to the name of a taxonomic unit which is used to separate an element such as flower colour. determine to perform an identification. determination an identification. determination slip a piece of paper attached to a specimen on which is written the determination, along with details of who made the determination, the date of determination, and other notes that may be made at the time of determination. diacritical sign a mark such as an accent or diaeresis connected with a letter, used to indicate intended pronunciation. diaeresis a diacritical sign (¨) placed over the second of two consecutive vowels to indicate that they are to be pronounced separately. diagnosis (plural: diagnoses) a statement which, in the opinion of its author, distinguishes a taxonomic unit from others. diagnostic characters the features that permit one to assign a plant to a particular taxonomic unit. 90


Glossary differential character a distinguishing or diagnostic character. disagreeable epithet one whose use in a certain culture might cause offence. diverged variety a cultivar that is derived from an earlier self-pollinated cultivar and which no longer meets the criteria for a DUS test. double-cross the repeatable crossing of two F1 hybrids. duplicate of a specimen, part of a single gathering from a plant made by a collector at one time. DUS test the criteria of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability by which a new cultivar is examined for statutory purposes such as for the granting of Plant Breeders' Rights. ephemeral of publications, ones not intended for continued reference, such as newspapers and advertisements which ordinarily become obsolete soon after they are issued. epithet the final word or combination of words in a name that denotes an individual taxonomic unit. See also: cultivar epithet epitype the specimen or illustration selected to serve as interpretative type when the holotype, lectotype or previously designated neotype, or all original material associated with a validly published name, is demonstrably ambiguous and cannot be critically identified for purposes of the precise application of the name of a taxonomic unit. (I.C.B.N. Art. 9.7) equivalent epithet one that is a permitted translation, transliteration, or transcription of an existing epithet or one that is taken to be identical even though there may be minor differences due to optional use of accents, diacritical signs, and other top-line punctuation. (cf. I.C.N.CP. Art. 32.9) established name one that meets the criteria laid out in the I.C.N.C.P. establishment a prime principle of nomenclature whereby, on publication, certain criteria must have been fulfilled before considerations of acceptability are entertained. (cf. I.C.N.C.P. Art. 24). etymology the original linguistic derivation of a word. extant of a taxonomic unit, having living representatives. extinct of a taxonomic unit, having no living representatives. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants – Seventh Edition

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Glossary F.A.O. the initialism for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. F1 hybrid (single cross) a plant breeding term for the result of a repeatable single cross between two pure–bred lines. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.14) F2 hybrid a plant breeding term for the result of self–pollination within a population of F1 hybrids. fancy epithet an epithet written in a language other than Latin. family (familia) the principal category in the nomenclatural hierarchy between order (ordo) and genus (genus). forestry the extensive cultivation of woody plants in woodlands. forma the category in the nomenclatural hierarchy below the rank of varietas. formula mixture a seed mixture made from known components to a pre-determined formula for any defined market. four-way cross the repeatable crossing of four F1 hybrids. gender a grammatical characteristic of nouns in some languages that may determine the way in which they, and adjectives, articles and pronouns applied to them, are inflected: in Latin, Greek and many modern languages there are three genders; masculine, feminine and neuter. gene bank a place where genetic variants are physically stored. gene pool the range of genetic variation found in a population. generic of taxonomic units, pertaining to a genus. generic designation a name referring to any multiplicity of objects having one or more properties in common and that distinguishes it from other groups of objects: a name itself. generic name the name of a genus. genetically modified organism (G.M.O.) an organism with new characters following the implantation of alien genetic material. genotype the genetic make-up of an individual. 92


Glossary genus (genus) a category in the nomenclatural hierarchy between family (familia) and species (species). G.M.O. – See: Genetically modified organism graft-chimaera a plant consisting of tissue from two or more different taxonomic units in intimate association, effected by grafting. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.10 & 4.1). graft hybrid – See: graft-chimaera grafting the (usually deliberate) fusion of tissue from two or more different plants. grex a type of Group used in orchid nomenclature applied to the progeny of an artificial cross from specified parents. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 3.3) group to assemble a number of items together (verb): an informal taxonomic unit (noun). Group A formal category denoting an assemblage of cultivars, individual plants, or assemblages of plants on the basis of defined similarity. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 3.1) See also: grex. hand-pollination the controlled act of pollination that should exclude the possibility of open-pollination. handwriting the immediate product of a person's writing. Hangeul the Korean phonetic writing system. Hepburn an international standard system for the Romanization of Japanese. herbarium (plural: herbaria) a collection of botanical specimens: the housing for such specimens. herbarium specimen a (usually dried) botanical specimen kept in a herbarium. hierarchy the categories of taxonomic units arranged in order according to their rank. Hiragana one of the Japanese systems of syllabic writing using phonograms. holograph a handwritten document. holotype the one specimen or illustration used by the author, or designated by the author, as the nomenclatural type of a name of a species or infraspecific taxonomic unit. As long as the holotype is extant, it fixes the application of the name concerned. (c.f. I.C.B.N. Art. 9.1)


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Glossary homonym one of two or more names or epithets spelled, or deemed to be spelled, exactly like another name or epithet, but which is used for different taxonomic units of the same rank. See also: parahomonym horticulture the cultivation of ornamental, fruit and vegetable plants. hybrid the result of a cross between differing plants or taxonomic units. hybrid formula the names of the parent taxonomic units of a hybrid linked with a multiplication sign. hyphen a mark (-) used to link together two or more words so as to form a single word. I.A.P.T. – See: International Association for Plant Taxonomy I.C.B.N. – See: International Code of Botanical Nomenclature I.C.N.C.P. – See: International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants ICRA – See: International Cultivar Registration Authority identification the matching of a plant or specimen with a taxonomic unit ideograph the distinct character or figure symbolizing the idea of a thing without expressing the name of it. ideotype the conceptual ideal or archetype of a series as used in the seed industry. illegitimate name under the I.C.B.N., a name that is to rejected (unless otherwise conserved) as a later homonym or that was otherwise nomenclaturally superfluous when published. (c.f. I.C.B.N. Art. 52.1) inappropriate name a name with unsuitable etymology but which may not be rejected on that account. inbreeding the production of offspring between closely related parents leading to a high degree of similarity; self-fertilization is the most intense form of inbreeding. indelible autograph handwritten material reproduced by some mechanical or graphic process such as lithography, offset, or metallic etching. indigen a species believed to originate in a wild habitat. infrageneric pertaining to any taxonomic unit below the rank of genus. 94


Glossary infraspecific pertaining to any taxonomic unit below the rank of species. initialism an abbreviation of a phrase consisting of the initial letter of each word in the phrase, distinguishable from an acronym in that it is not pronounced as a single word. International Association for Plant Taxonomy the organization (a scientific member of the International Union of Biological Sciences), charged with preparing the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Botanical Code or I.C.B.N.) the book containing the international set of rules that provides for the formation and use of the scientific names in Latin of organisms treated as being plants. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants the book containing the international set of rules that provides for the formation and use of the scientific names of cultivated plants using either Latin or fancy names. International Registrar the person appointed by an International Cultivar Registration Authority (ICRA) to carry out registration activity on its behalf. International Cultivar Registration Authority (ICRA) an organization appointed by the I.S.H.S. Commission for Nomenclature and Cultivar Registration to be responsible for registering cultivar and Group names within defined taxonomic units. International Society for Horticultural Science (I.S.H.S.) the organization (a scientific member of the International Union of Biological Sciences) established to promote the science of horticulture. International Union of Biological Sciences (I.U.B.S.) an organization promoted by UNESCO to promote all disciplines within life sciences. introducer of a cultivar, the person or organization who first distributes a cultivar. I.S.H.S. – See: International Society for Horticultural Science I.S.O. The initialism for the International Organization for Standardization. isosyntype a duplicate of a syntype. (c.f. I.C.B.N. Art. 9.10) isotype any duplicate of a holotype: it is always a specimen. (c.f. I.C.B.N. Art. 9.3) italics the printer's slanting typeface often used to demarcate scientific names used in a formal taxonomic sense. I.U.B.S. – See: International Union of Biological Sciences


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Glossary kanji the Chinese ideographs adapted and used in the Japanese writing system. journal a serial publication issued at regular intervals. Katakana one of the Japanese systems of syllabic writing using phonograms. Latin (botanical Latin) the language derived from Renaissance Latin and other ancient languages which is used for the international communication of plant names and other associated descriptive information. lectotype a specimen or illustration selected as the nomenclatural type when no holotype was indicated at the time of publication, or for as long as the holotype is missing, or if the holotype is found to belong to more than one taxonomic unit. (c.f. I.C.B.N. Art. 9.2) legitimate name applied in the I.C.B.N. to names that are in accordance with the rules of nomenclature, i.e., ones that are not defined as illegitimate. (c.f. I.C.B.N. Art. 6.5) ligature the typographical union of two letters of the alphabet. line a plant breeding term used to describe plants resulting from repeated self-fertilization or inbreeding. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.12) logotype (logo) a graphical device that distinguishes goods or services of one organization from those of others. lumping to treat as members of a single taxonomic unit elements which have been previously considered as belonging to more than one such unit. macron (overscore) the diacritical sign (  ) sometimes used above vowels to indicate that they should be pronounced long. maintainor one who is responsible for the continuing existence of a maintenance. maintenance a seed-raised cryptic variety which, although not treated as a separate cultivar, may require special designation: the designation of such by a statutory plant registration authority.

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Glossary Mandarin – See: Modern Standard Chinese manuscript handwritten or typewritten material existing in only one or a few copies; writing in which each letter is placed on paper in sequence by hand, whether manually or mechanically, without any subsequent multiplication. McCune-Reischauer the international standard for transcription of Korean Hanguel into a Roman script. microfiche a reproduction, much reduced in size, of many pages copied onto single photographic film sheets. microfilm a copy of a published work or manuscript, usually much reduced in size, onto a continuous strip of transparent photographic material. microform a term including microfiche and microfilm. misapplied name a plant name which had been incorrectly applied. modern language one currently in use. Modern Standard Chinese (Mandarin) the standard language of China which provides the basis for the transliteration of Chinese into a Roman script using the Pinyin system. morphological characters the physical characters of a plant. multiline a plant breeding term used to describe a cultivar that is made up of several closely related lines. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.13) multiplication sign (×) in nomenclature, the ideograph used to indicate a hybrid. mutant an individual produced as a result of mutation: the phenotypic expression of a mutant. mutation a spontaneous or engineered change in the genotype which may alter the phenotype. name in the sense of a Code, one that is established or validly published under the rules whether or not it is an accepted or correct name. See also: epithet name-bearing type – See: nomenclatural type neotype a specimen or illustration selected to serve as the nomenclatural type for as long as all of the material on which the name of the taxon was based is missing. (c.f. I.C.B.N. Art. 9.6) International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants – Seventh Edition

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Glossary nomenclator an authoritative catalogue or other listing of names comprising correct or accepted names and their synonyms: one who compiles such a catalogue or list. nomenclatural relating to nomenclature. nomenclatural hierarchy the consecutively subordinate categories of taxonomic units defined by some codes of nomenclature. nomenclatural standard a specimen or other device to which the name of a cultivar or Group is permanently attached. nomenclatural type (type) under the I.C.B.N. that element to which the name of a taxonomic unit is permanently attached, whether as a correct name or as a synonym, and which fixes the application of a name. The nomenclatural type is not necessarily the most typical or representative element of a taxonomic unit. (c.f. I.C.B.N. Art. 7.2) nomenclature a system of names and provisions for their formation and use. nominant one who invents or coins a name. non-statutory registration registration by any organization, agency, or individual entrusted with registration by agreement of interested parties. off-type a plant showing a non-typical phenotype or one that differs from an ideotype. original spelling the spelling employed when a name was established. orthographical error an unintentional spelling error. orthographical variant an alternative and usually incorrect spelling of a word. See also: equivalent name orthography correct spelling. out-cross hybridization of an existing population of cultivated plants which extends its gene pool and which may therefore alter the overall characteristics of that population. overscore – See: macron parahomonym a word so orthographically or phonetically similar to another that they are likely to be confused. 98


Glossary paratype a specimen cited in the protologue that is neither the holotype nor an isotype, nor one of the syntypes if two or more specimens were simultaneously designated as types. (c.f. I.C.B.N. Art. 9.5) parenthesis (plural: parentheses) a word, phrase, or sentence inserted into a passage to which it is not grammatically essential and usually typographically marked off by brackets, dashes or commas. parentheses round brackets (...) used for indicating a parenthetical word, phrase, or sentence. patronymic of an epithet, one involving a patronymic prefix e.g., Belgian "Van", Dutch "van", Irish "O", Scottish "Mac", "Mc", and "M'" or suffix e.g., Icelandic "–dottir", Russian "–vitch", Danish "–sen", English and Scandinavian "–son". pentaploid a polyploid with five sets of chromosomes. periodical a publication issued at intervals. phase a distinct stage in the growth cycle of a plant. phenotype the sum total of all the characteristics of an individual plant: the physical expression of the genotype. phenotypic pertaining to the phenotype. phonogram a character or symbol representing a spoken sound. physiological characters the characters related to functional mechanisms of a plant such as flowering induction. Pinyin the international standard for the transcription of Modern Standard Chinese (Mandarin) into a Roman script. Plant Breeders' Rights (Plant Variety Rights) a breeder's legal protection over the propagation of a cultivar. plant patent a grant of right, available in certain countries, which provides a means of control over a new plant's propagation and sale for a given period. Plant Variety Rights – See: Plant Breeders' Rights pollination the act of transferring pollen from the male part of a flower to the female part of a flower.


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Glossary polyploid having more than two sets of chromosomes. polymorph a taxonomic unit with many variants. polymorphic with many forms. population an assemblage of individual plants of one taxonomic unit. precedence – See: priority prefix a letter or group of letters attached before the main part of a word. pre-Linnaean a name or work published before the starting point of plant nomenclature (Linnaeus's Species Plantarum, 1 May 1753). preprint the publication of a work, often in a condensed form, prior to its intended full publication. principle in a Code, a fundamental precept which the Articles are designed to satisfy. printed matter text or illustrations mechanically reproduced by printing in considerable quantities and in intentionally permanent form. printing a process for producing identical copies by transferring an image of text or illustrations in ink from a prepared surface. priorable name a name that is established and is to be taken into account for purposes of determining the accepted name for a taxonomic unit. priority a prime principle of nomenclature whereby the earliest established name takes precedence over later names for the same taxonomic unit at a particular rank. protologue everything published in connection with a name upon its first publication. provenance the known geographic origin of plants or seed, used mainly by foresters to describe worthwhile selections from indigenous populations. provisional name one that is not established but is proposed in anticipation of the recognition of a taxonomic unit with a particular circumscription, position, or rank. See also: reserved name

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Glossary publication a principle of nomenclature in a Code whereby certain rules must have been fulfilled before establishment is assessed, usually achieved by the distribution of dated printed matter, so as to make it available to the community: the act or process of distributing printed matter through sale, exchange or gift into the public domain. publish to issue a publication: to make public in such work any names or other nomenclatural acts. published of a name, one that fulfils the requirements of publication. publishing author the author who is principally responsible for a contribution published in a book, periodical, etc., and to whom included names or nomenclatural acts are to be attributed. quotation marks marks used to enclose one or more words: double quotation marks may be used to indicate quoted passages from one text in another, to indicate original spellings or names that are not established (validly published): single quotation marks are placed around the epithet of a cultivar name. rank any category in the nomenclatural hierarchy. Recommendations in this Code, regulations that one is encouraged to follow. registered trademark a trademark that has been formally accepted by a statutory trademark authority, distinguished by the international symbol ®. registration the act of recording a new name or epithet with a registration authority. reject to set aside a name of a taxonomic unit in favour of another. rejected name one that is not to be used as a result of failure to comply with certain Rules (c.f. I.C.N.C.P. Art. 28.1). reserved name one that has not been established but that may have been recorded by an International Cultivar Registration Authority (ICRA) as likely to be duly registered. Such names have no status under rules of nomenclature. retroactive active back in time: nomenclaturally, unless expressly stated, a provision in a Code is operational regardless of when it became part of that Code, and applies equally to any and all names proposed after the accepted date at which establishment (valid publication) for a particular taxonomic unit begins. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants – Seventh Edition

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Glossary rogue – See: off-type roguing the removal of living off-types from a crop. Romaji a system of Romanized spelling for the Japanese language. Roman the printers' font that is not italics. Roman alphabet the characters originally derived from Latin used for writing words in most Western cultures. Romanization the writing of ideographs, signs or letters of a non-Roman alphabet writing system into a Roman script. Roman script a writing system using the Roman alphabet. rootstock the living material upon which a scion is grafted. Rules in a Code, regulations which must be followed. scientific name the name of a taxonomic unit formed and maintained under the rules of the international codes of nomenclature. scion the shoot containing buds that is used for grafting. seed bank a place where seed is held for safe keeping. See also: gene bank selection a plant or assemblage of plants that has been isolated from a cultivar on the basis of a minor change in characteristicts. self-pollination the transference of pollen from the male part of a flower to the female part of a flower on the same plant. selling name – See: trade designation sensu lato used to mean "in a broad sense". sensu stricto used to mean "in a narrow sense".

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Glossary separate a part of a periodical or other work, often the contribution of a single author, printed separately from the regular issue of the main work, and usually intended for private distribution by the author: a reprint. serial a publication issued at regular or irregular intervals with no scheduled termination. series a term used in seed-marketing to denote a number of cultivars based on a certain ideotype and differing from each other usually only in one character, normally flower colour. series mixture a term used in seed-marketing to denote a mixture of cultivars from a series. sexual propagation in plants, the propagation of organisms by means of seed following fertilization. S1 Hybrid – See: synthetic hybrid silviculture the science of forestry and the cultivation of woodlands for commercial purposes. simultaneous publication the publication of two or more names for a single taxonomic unit in the same work, usually by the same author. single cross – See: F1 Hybrid species (species) the basic category in the nomenclatural hierarchy. specimen a plant, or part of a plant, preserved for scientific study. specioid – See: cultigen split the division of a taxonomic unit into two or more such units. sport an apparent mutation which has occurred on part of a plant. stability a state in which change is uncommon: in nomenclature, the maintenance of names which are in use. Standard: – See: nomenclatural standard standard portfolio a device in which a nomenclatural standard and allied information are kept together. starting point the date on which establishment of names in a particular taxonomic unit begins. statutory epithet an epithet denominated by a statutory plant registration authority. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants – Seventh Edition

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Glossary statutory plant registration authority (SPRA) an organization established by legal enactment of a particular country or by a legal treaty between countries. statutory registration registration by a statutory plant registration authority. strain a confused term having several meanings; in cultivated plant nomenclature: often referring to a seed-raised cryptic variety. See also: maintenance and selection subspecies (subspecies) the category in the nomenclatural hierarchy between species (species) and variety (varietas). subspecific epithet that used following the indication of rank to designate a subspecies. suffix a letter or group of letters added to the stem of a word. symbol a written character or mark used to represent something. See also: ideograph synonym an established (validly published) name denoting a taxonomic unit in a given taxonomic position that is not the accepted (correct) name. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 12.2) synonymy a list of synonyms. synthetic hybrid a plant-breeding term for the result of open pollination within a number of defined, controlled lines. syntype any specimen cited in the protologue when no holotype was designated, or any one of two or more specimens simultaneously designated as types. (I.C.B.N. Art. 9.4) tautonym the epithet repeating the name of the genus to which it is assigned. taxon (plural: taxa) the international abbreviation for the words "taxonomic group" or "taxonomic unit". Taxon the official journal of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy. taxonomic category a subdivision in a hierarchical system taxonomic group – See: taxonomic unit taxonomic unit the group into which a number of similar individuals may be classified. 104


Glossary teratological plant a deformed or otherwise grossly abnormal plant. teratology the study of abnormalities or monstrosities. termination an inflection; the part of a word added to a Greek or Latin stem when the word is inflected. tetraploid a polyploid with four sets of chromosomes. three-way cross the repeatable crossing of three F1 hybrids. top-cross a plant breeding technique in which cultivars are compared by crossing them all with the same pollen parent and then assessing the progeny. The pollen parent will be a line. top-line punctuation the use of apostrophes and accents and other diacritical signs in association with words topophysic cultivar a clone with the same genotype as its original parent plant but differing in its phenotype due to it being originally asexually propagated from specific tissue on the parent plant. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.6) topovariant a distinguishable group of plants grown from seed from a given provenance. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 2.15) trade designation a device that is used to market a plant when the original name is considered unsuitable for marketing purposes. (I.C.N.C.P. Art. 12.1) trademark any sign, usually made from words, letters, numbers, or other devices such as logotypes, that individualizes the goods of a given enterprise and distinguishes them from the goods of its competitors. See also: registered trademark trade name – See: trade designation translation the rendering of words of one language in another language. transliteration the rendering of words in one alphabetic script to another alphabetic script. transcription to copy verbatim from one written work to another: the rendering in written form of sounds of human speech, especially of languages employing ideographic or phonetic characters. transformed plant – See: genetically modified plant trinomen – See: trinomial combination


105

Glossary trinomial combination a binary combination followed by an epithet at some infraspecific rank. triploid a polyploid with three sets of chromosomes. type – See: nomenclatural type typification the act of designating or selecting a nomenclatural type for a name. typographical error an error introduced by a printer. typography the visual presentation of printed words and numbers. undetermined of a specimen, not identified. UNESCO the acronym for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. UPOV the acronym for the “Union Internationale pour la Protection des Obtentions Végétales” (the “International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants”), the international body charged with overseeing the administration of Plant Breeders' Rights. U.S.L.C the initialism for the United States Library of Congress. variant a plant or group of plants which shows some measure of difference from the characteristics associated with a particular taxonomic unit. varietal denomination the name for a cultivar designated under the terminology of a statutory plant registration authority. See also: statutory epithet variety term used in some national and international legislation to denominate one clearly distinguishable taxonomic unit below the rank of species from others: generally, in such legislative texts, a term exactly equivalent to cultivar. varietas the category in the nomenclatural hierarchy between species (species) and form (forma). vegetative propagation – See: asexual propagation. vernacular name a translation of a scientific name into a local language. See also: colloquial name and common name voucher specimen a nominated specimen representing the plant or taxonomic unit mentioned in a text. 106


Glossary wild plant one that originated in the wild. See also: indigen witches' broom a mass of congested, often stunted, stems and foliage on a plant caused by genetic malformation in the growing shoots. word element a component part of a word: the parts of a word separated by hyphens. work in nomenclature, any pertinent written information, whether published or unpublished. xerography any method of producing numerous identical copies based upon an electrostatic process such as by photocopying or laser printing.


107

108


Index, Scientific names

Index to Scientific Names All references are to Division II (Rules and Recommendations) unless indicated otherwise. This index is only for names in a Roman script. Abies amabilis ‘Spreading Star’ 2. Ex. 2 – koreana ‘Prostrate Beauty’ 2. Ex. 2 Abutilon Darwinii Group 20. Ex. 2 Acer ‘Yoshinogawa’ 32. Ex. 15 – platanoides ‘Drummondii’ 2. Ex. 5 Achillea ‘Martina’ 19. Ex. 1 Achimenes ‘Show-off’ 32. Ex. 14 Aconitum napellus subsp. lobelianum ‘Bergfürst’ 7. Ex. 2 Aerides multiflorum 3. Ex. 16 – Renades Arunoday 3. Ex. 16 – roseum 3. Ex. 16 ×Agroelymus Div. III. Ex. 7 ×Agrohordeum Div. III. Ex. 7. 9 ×Agropogon Div. III. Ex. 2 Agropyron Div. III. Ex. 7. 9 – intermedium ‘Clarke’ 2. Ex. 11 Agrostis Div. III. Ex. 2 Allium cepa Shallot Group 20. Ex. 1 Alonsoa warscewiczii ‘Peachy-keen’ 32. Ex. 14 ×Alpingera Div. III. Ex. 2 Alpinia Div. III. Ex. 2 ×Amarcrinum Div. III. Ex. 3 Amaryllis Div. III. Ex. 3 Anacamptis Div. III. Ex. 2 Annanaserdbeere ‘Cambridge Favourite’ 7. Ex. 1 Apple ‘Bramley's Seedling’ 19. Ex. 53 – ‘Bramley's Wonder’ 19. Ex. 53 – ‘Earliest of All’ 19. Ex. 44 – ‘East Malling Champion’ 19. Ex. 54 – ‘James Grieve’ 19. Ex. 2 – ‘Redskin’ 19. Ex. 52 ‘Apricot’ plum 19. Ex. 38 Arachnis Div. III. Ex. 8 Argyranthemum ‘Qinta White’ (“Quinta White”) 32. Ex. 3 Ascocentrum Div. III. Ex. 1, 6 ash ‘Veronica’ 19. Ex. 38 Asparagus officinalis ‘Calet’ 2. Ex. 1 – – ‘Lucullus’ 2. Ex. 11 Aspasia Div. III. Ex. 5 Aster amellus ‘Veilchenkoenigin’ (‘Veilchenkönigin’) 32. Ex. 5 Astrantia major ‘Sunningdale Variegated’ (“Sunningdale Var.”) 32. Ex. 7 Ballota nigra ‘Archer's Variety’ 2. Ex. 7

barley ‘OAC Baxter’ ×Beallara Begonia ‘Elegantissima Superba’ – Elatior Group Beta vulgaris ‘SP6 926-0’ Betula pendula ‘Vissingsø’ – utilis ‘Doorenbos’ Brachyglottis Dunedin Group – Dunedin Hybrids Brassia – oleracea Brussels Sprout Group

19. Ex. 27 Div. III. Ex. 5 19. Ex. 17 3. Ex. 13: 14. Ex. 1 2. Ex. 10 2. Ex. 8 Div. V. Ex. 1 3. Ex. 7 3. Ex. 7 Div. III. Ex. 5

10. Ex. 2: 29. Ex. 5 – – Gemmifera Group 7. Ex. 3: 10. Ex. 2: 20. Ex. 1 – – Groupe du Chou de Bruxellles 29. Ex. 5 – – ‘King Arthur’ 2. Ex. 12 – – ‘Nichtschiessender’ 29. Ex. 1 – – Rosenkohl Gruppe 29. Ex. 5 – – Sabauda Group 3. Ex. 6, 10. Ex. 1 – – (Sabauda Group) ‘Cantasa’ 14. Ex. 2 – – Sabellica Gruppe 14. Ex. 1 – – Savoy Cabbage Group 10. Ex. 1 – – var. sabauda 3. Ex. 6 – rapa Pak-Choi Group 20. Ex. 2 ×Brilliandeara Div. III. Ex. 5 Buxus sempervirens 2. Ex. 22 Cactaceae 5. Ex. 2 Calanthe ×dominyi 1. Ex. 3 – masuca 1. Ex. 3 – triplicata 1. Ex. 3 Calluna ‘Heather’ 19. Ex. 39 – vulgaris ‘Aurea’ 19. Ex. 17 – – ‘Redgauntlet’ (“Red Gauntlet”) 32. Ex. 3 ‘Calluna’ heather 19. Ex. 38 ‘Calypso’ Rhododendron 19. Ex. 38 ‘Cambridge Favourite’ maranguerio 7. Ex. 1 ‘Cambridge Favourite’ strawberry 7. Ex. 1 Camellia ‘Daisy Eagleson’ (“+Daisy Eagleson”) 13. Ex. 4: 21. Ex. 5 – japonica 13. Ex. 4: 21. Ex. 5 – ‘Murasaki Shikibu’ 32. Ex. 15 – sasanqua ‘Maiden's Blush’ 13. Ex. 4: 21. Ex. 5 – ‘Shōjō-no-mai’ 19. Ex. 1 Campanula trachelium ‘Bernice’ 2. Ex. 17 Capsicum annuum ‘Delight’ 2. Ex. 12 Carex 19. Ex. 7


109

Index, Scientific names – ‘Fuiri-tenjiku’ 19. Ex. 7 – phyllocephala 19. Ex. 7 – ‘Yodo-no-yuki’ 32. Ex. 15 Castanea ‘Pale Chestnut’ 19. Ex. 36 Cattleya Div. III. Ex. 6 Cedrus atlantica 26. Ex. 3 – – ‘Aurea’ 26. Ex. 3 – libani 26. Ex. 3 – – ‘Atlantica Aurea’ 26. Ex. 3 – – Atlantica Group 26. Ex. 3 – – subsp. atlantica ‘Mt St Catherine’ 19. Ex. 3 – – ‘Aurea’ 26. Ex. 3 – ‘Mount Saint Catherine’ (‘Mt St Catherine’) 19. Ex. 3: 32. Ex. 8 Cereus hildmannianus ‘Monstrosus’ 2. Ex. 18 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Ellwoodii’ 2. Ex. 3 – – ‘Green Pillar’ 10. Ex. 3 – – ‘Jackman's Variety’ 10. Ex. 3 – – ‘Silver Queen’ 7. Ex. 2 – pisifera 26. Ex. 4 – – ‘Squarrosa’ 26. Ex. 4 15. Ex. 1 Choisya ternata GOLDFINGERS (‘Limo’) – ‘Limo’ 15. Ex. 1 “Choisya ternata Goldfingers” 15. Ex. 1 Chrysanthemum ‘Dewhite Improved’ 28. Ex. 2 Clematis BLUE ANGEL (‘Blekitny Aniol’) 29. Ex. 3 – ‘Ed. André’ (‘Edouard André’) 32. Ex. 8 Cochlioda Div. III. Ex. 5 ×Cogniauxara Div. III. Ex. 8 Comparettia Div. III. Ex. 6 Coprosma ‘The Shiner’ (“Shiner”) 28. Ex. 6 Coryanthes macrantha 28. Ex. 7 Corydalis taliensis ACE 2443 (‘ACE 2443’, ‘Ace 2443’) 19. Ex. 48 ×Coryhopea Butler’s Balzac grex 28. Ex. 7 – Off the Wall grex 28. Ex. 7 Corylus avellana 2. Ex. 21 – colurna 2. Ex. 21 Cotoneaster ×watereri Div. V. Ex. 2 +Crataegomespilus 21. Ex. 2: 24. Ex. 1 – ‘Dardarii’ 2. Ex. 6: 21. Ex. 4, 6 – ‘Jules d'Asnières’ 21. Ex. 6 Crataegus 21. Ex. 1, 2: 24. Ex. 1 – monogyna 2. Ex. 6: 21. Ex. 4, 6 ×Crataemespilus 21. Ex. 2 – gillotii 21. Ex. 4 “×Crindonna” Div. III. Ex. 3 Crinum Div. III. Ex. 3 Crocus chrysanthus ‘E. A. Bowles’ (“Edward Augustus Bowles”) 32. Ex. 9 – – ‘Eye-catcher’ 32. Ex. 14 Cryptomeria 19. Ex. 37 - japonica ‘Sekkan-sugi’ 19. Ex. 37

110

Cucumis sativus NOA’S FORCING (‘Noas Treib’) 29. Ex. 3 Cymbidium (Alexanderi gx) ‘Westonbirt’ 14. Ex. 3 – Alexanderi 14. Ex. 4 – Alexanderi gx 14. Ex. 4 – Alexanderi gx ‘Westonbirt’ 14. Ex. 3 Cytisus purpureus 21. Ex. 1, 3 Daphne ×burkwoodii ‘Carol Mackie’ 2. Ex. 5 ‘Daphne’ Magnolia 19. Ex. 38 Delphinium ‘Astolat’ 2. Ex. 7 – ‘Princess Caroline Sunrise’ 24. Ex. 4 Dendrobium Alan Mann grex 3. Ex. 15 – Caesar grex 3. Ex. 15 – lasianthera 3. Ex. 15 – ostrinoglossum 3. Ex. 15 – Soo Chee grex 3. Ex. 15 ×Devereuxara Div. III. Ex. 6 Dianthus Div. V. Ex. 3 – ‘M. Charles Coëz’ (‘Monsieur Charles Coëz’) 32. Ex. 9 – ‘Victoria’ 19. Ex. 38 – ‘William Sim’ 2. Ex. 16: 19. Ex. 2 Dieffenbachia ‘Compacta’ 10. Ex. 4 – ‘Exotica’ 10. Ex. 4 – ‘Exotica Compacta’ 10. Ex. 4 – ‘Exotica Perfecta’ 10. Ex. 4 – ‘Exotica Perfecta Compacta’ 10. Ex. 4 Digitalis ‘Mertonensis’ 13. Ex. 5 (“×Mertonensis”) Distictis buccinatoria 13. Ex. 5 – laxiflora 13. Ex. 5 13. Ex. 5 – ‘Mrs Rivers’ (“×Mrs Rivers”) Dracaena Deremensis Group 20. Ex. 1 – fragrans (Deremensis Group) ‘Christianne’ 14. Ex. 2 – – ‘Massangeana’ (D. massangeana) Div. V. Ex. 4 ×Elyhordeum ×Elymotriticum Elymus Endymion hispanicus ‘Rose Queen’ Epimedium alpinum – pinnatum – ×warleyense – – ‘Willmottiae’ Epiphyllum Erica ‘Calluna’ – carnea ‘Mrs D. E. Maxwell’ – – ‘S. A. Maxwell’ – cinerea ‘Lily Evelyn’ – – ‘Lily’ – ×praegeri

Div. III. Ex. 7 Div. III. Ex. 7 Div. III. Ex. 7 19. Ex. 8 19. Ex. 31 19. Ex. 31 19. Ex. 31 19. Ex. 31 Div. III. Ex. 2 19. Ex. 38 19. Ex. 42 19. Ex. 42 28. Ex. 9 28. Ex. 9 19. Ex. 29


Index, Scientific names – – ‘Stuartii’ – ×stuartii – – ‘Charles Stuart’ – – ‘Stuartii’ – vagans ‘Kevernensis’ – – ‘Mrs D. F. Maxwell’ – – ‘St Keverne’ – – var. kevernensis – ×williamsii ‘Cow-y-Jack’ ‘Erica’ Lilium Erodium daucoides ‘Pico de Fraile’ Etlingera Euanthe – sanderiana Eucalyptus camaldulensis

19. Ex. 29 19. Ex. 29 19. Ex. 29 19. Ex. 29 26. Ex. 2 19. Ex. 42 26. Ex. 2 26. Ex. 2 32. Ex. 14 19. Ex. 38 24. Ex. 3 Div. III. Ex. 2 Div. III. Ex. 8 Div. III. Ex. 8 2. Ex. 14

Fagus sylvatica 18. Ex. 1: 29. Ex. 4 – – ‘Atropunicea’ 26. Ex. 1 – – Atropunicea Group 10. Ex. 2: 18. Ex. 4: 26. Ex. 1 – – (Atropunicea Group) ‘Riversii’ 14. Ex. 2 – – f. atropurpurea 26. Ex. 1 – – Cuprea Group 18. Ex. 4 – – Groupe à Feuilles Pourpres 29. Ex. 4 – – Gruppo con Foglie Purpuree 29. Ex. 4 – – Purple-leaved Group 10. Ex. 2: 20. Ex. 2: 29. Ex. 4 – – Purpurblätterige Gruppe 29. Ex. 4 – – var. atropunicea 26. Ex. 1 Festuca rubra Hexaploid Creeping Group 3. Ex. 3 – – Hexaploid Non-creeping Group 3. Ex. 3 – – Octoploid Creeping Group 3. Ex. 3 Ficus binnendijkii ‘Alii’ 2. Ex. 3 – – ‘Amstel King’ 2. Ex. 3 – – ‘Amstel Queen’ 2. Ex. 3 Filipendula ulmaria ‘Variegata’ 2. Ex. 5 Fragaria ‘Cambridge Favourite’ 7. Ex. 1 – ananassa ‘Cambridge Favourite’ 7. Ex. 1 fraise ‘Cambridge Favourite’ 7. Ex. 1 Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Newport’ 2. Ex. 1 Fuchsia ‘Shangri-La’ 32. Ex. 14 Funckia albomarginata 19. Ex. 14 Galanthus ‘Celia Blakeway-Phillips’ – ‘John Gray’ Gaultheria Geranium ‘Herb Robert’ – ‘Mrs Kendall Clark’ – pratense ‘Mrs Kendall Clark’ – robertianum Gerbera ‘Delphi’ Geum ‘Lady Stratheden’ Gladiolus ‘Pink Gladiolus’ Glycine max ‘Jupiter-R’

32. Ex. 14 19. Ex. 1 5. Ex. 3 19. Ex. 39 19. Ex. 3 19. Ex. 3 19. Ex. 39 2. Ex. 1 2. Ex. 7 19. Ex. 36 2. Ex. 11

‘Golden Harvest’ daffodil 19. Ex. 2 Gymnadenia Div. III. Ex. 2, 4 ×Gymnanacamptis Div. III. Ex. 2 Hebe ‘Longacre Variety’ 19. Ex. 32 – pinguifolia ‘Sutherlandii’ 19. Ex. 11 Hedera helix ‘Arborescens’ 2. Ex. 3 – – ‘Baden-Baden’ 32. Ex. 14 Helianthus annuus ‘E9730LM’ 19. Ex. 47 – – ‘H 209 A/B’ 19. Ex. 47 – – ‘HA306’ 2. Ex. 10 – – ‘HA-OL 9’ 19. Ex. 47 – – ‘NS-HA26’ 19. Ex. 47 – – ‘PF 090 A’ 19. Ex. 47 – – ‘PR64A82’ 19. Ex. 47 Hemerocallis sieboldii 19. Ex. 14 Hepatica ‘Niigata-no-yuki’ 31. Ex. 4 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 5. Ex. 1 29. Ex. 3 – syriacus BLUE BIRD (‘L'Oiseau Bleu’) – – ‘Hanbora’ 31. Ex. 2 – – ‘Hangyeore’ 31. Ex. 2 – – ‘Hansomi’ 31. Ex. 2 – – ‘L'Oiseau Bleu’ 29. Ex. 3 – – ‘Violaceus’ 19. Ex. 17 Hippophae rhamnoides ‘Aggertangen’ 2. Ex. 8 ×Holttumara Div. III. Ex. 8 Hordeum Div. III. Ex. 7, 9 Hosta 19. Ex. 6 – fortunei 3. Ex. 5: 26. Ex. 5 – – ‘Albopicta’ 26. Ex. 5 – Fortunei Group 3. Ex. 5 – (Fortunei Group) ‘Albopicta’ 26. Ex. 5 – ‘Frances Williams’ 20. Ex. 6 – Frances Williams Group 20. Ex. 6 – ‘Halcyon’ 2. Ex. 19 – ‘June’ 2. Ex. 19 – ‘Ōgon-Setouchi’ 31. Ex. 5 – pycnophylla ‘Ōgon-Setouchi’ 19. Ex. 6 – ‘Shelleys’ (“Shelley's”) 32. Ex. 17 – sieboldii 19. Ex. 14 – – ‘Albomarginata’ 19. Ex. 14 – – ‘Sieboldii’ 19. Ex. 14 Hyacinthoides hispanica ‘Rose Queen’ 19. Ex. 8 – ×massartiana ‘Rose Queen’ 19. Ex. 8 Hydrangea Hortensia Group 20. Ex. 1 – Lacecap Group 20. Ex. 1 – macrophylla Groupe Hortensis 14. Ex. 1 Hylocereeae 5. Ex. 2 Hypericum androsaemum 1. Ex. 2 – hircinum 1. Ex. 2 1. Ex. 2 – ×inodorum – ‘Rowallane Variety’ 19. Ex. 32 Ilex ‘Blue Angel’


25. Ex. 3

111

Index, Scientific names – crenata ‘Greenpoint’ 19. Ex. 40 – ‘Green Point’ 19. Ex. 40 – ‘Mesog’ 25. Ex. 3 – myrtifolia ‘Aurea’ 2. Ex. 5 Ionopsis Div. III. Ex. 6 Iris ‘American Flag’ 19. Ex. 52 – ‘Cantab’ 13. Ex. 1 – chrysographes ‘Inshriach’ (“Inshriach Form”) 19. Ex. 32 – Dutch Group 3. Ex. 2 – tingitana 3. Ex. 2 – xiphium var. lusitanica 3. Ex. 2 – – var. praecox 3. Ex. 2 Juniperus chinensis ‘Plumosa Aureovariegata’ – – ‘Variegata’ – excelsa ‘Variegata’ – – ‘Viridis Stricta’ (viridis stricta) – horizontalis ‘Variegata’ – procumbens ‘Variegata’ – sabina ‘Variegata’ – ‘Variegata’

2. Ex. 5 19. Ex. 16 19. Ex. 16 19. Ex. 13 19. Ex. 16 19. Ex. 16 19. Ex. 16 19. Ex. 16

+Laburnocytisus ‘Adamii’ Laburnum anagyroides – ‘Latest and Longest’ Lactuca sativa ‘Kagraner Sommer’ Laelia Lapageria Larix decidua ‘Cervicornis’ – europaea var. cervicornis – kaempferi ‘Palsgård Velling’ Lavatera ‘Ice Cool’ Lessingia filaginifolia – ‘Silver Carpet’ ×Leucadenia Leucorchis Lilium Bellingham Group – ‘Bellingham Supreme’ – Celica Group – ‘Erica’ – kelloggii – Mount Shasta grex – Mount Shasta Group – pardalinum – ‘Pumpkin Sweet’ – ‘Unique’ Lotus corniculatus ‘Cree’ Lycaste aromatica ‘Saint Thomas’ – deppei – ‘Saint Thomas’ – skinneri

21. Ex. 3 21. Ex. 1, 3 19. Ex. 44 2. Ex. 10 Div. III. Ex. 6 Div. III. Ex. 9 25. Ex. 1 25. Ex. 1 2. Ex. 8 2. Ex. 7 18. Ex. 3 18. Ex. 3 Div. III. Ex. 4 Div. III. Ex. 4 19. Ex. 53 19. Ex. 53 20. Ex. 3 19. Ex. 38 20. Ex. 4 20. Ex. 4 20. Ex. 4 20. Ex. 4 20. Ex. 3 20. Ex. 3 2. Ex. 11 5. Ex. 5 1. Ex. 3 5. Ex. 5 1. Ex. 3

112

– ×smeeana – Wyld Spirit – – ‘Saint Thomas’ Lycianthes Lycopersicon Lycoris ‘Daensingswan’

1. Ex. 3 5. Ex. 5 5. Ex. 5 5. Ex. 4 5. Ex. 4 31. Ex. 3

Macroptilium atropurpureum ‘Aztec’ 2. Ex. 11 Magnolia Buxom Nordic Blonde Group 3. Ex. 14 – ‘Daphne’ 19. Ex. 38 – Gresham Hybrids (Gresham Group) 3. Ex. 14 – Svelte Brunette Group 3. Ex. 14 – ‘William Watson’ 19. Ex. 1 Mahonia ‘Japonica’ (M. japonica) 19. Ex. 9 Malus domestica ‘Beauty of Bath’ 19. Ex. 5 – – ‘Golden Delicious’ 26. Ex. 6 – – ‘James Grieve’ 2. Ex. 20: 19. Ex. 2 – – ‘M9’ 2. Ex. 20 – – ‘Mullins's Yellow Seedling’ 26. Ex. 6 – – ‘Star Lady’ 25. Ex. 4 – floribunda ‘Arnoldiana’ 19. Ex. 17 Mespilus 21. Ex. 1, 2: 24. Ex. 1 – germanica 2. Ex. 6: 21. Ex. 4, 6 Milium effusum ‘Aureum’ 2. Ex. 7 Miltonia Div. III. Ex. 5 Monarda ‘Marshall's Delight’ (“Marshalls Delight”) 32. Ex. 17 Narcissus Div. V. Ex. 3 – ‘Amy Johnson’ 19. Ex. 43 – ‘Commander-in-Chief’ (“Commander in Chief”) 32. Ex. 13, 14 – ‘Golden Harvest’ 19. Ex. 2 – ‘Granny's Daffodil’ 19. Ex. 36 – ‘Miss Amy Johnson’ 19. Ex. 43 – ‘Tidebrook’ 25. Ex. 2 – ‘Yellow Crystal’ 19. Ex. 52 Nelumbo 19. Ex. 7 – nucifera 19. Ex. 7 – ‘Ōga’ 19. Ex. 7 – ‘Ōga-hasu’ 19. Ex. 7 Neofinetia falcata 3. Ex. 8 – – Hariba Group 3. Ex. 8 – – Mameba Group 3. Ex. 8 – – Shiro-fukurin Group 3. Ex. 8 – – Tora-fu Group 3. Ex. 8 – ‘Ō-nami-sekai’ 31. Ex . Nerium ‘Professeur Durand’ (‘Prof. Durand’) 32. Ex. 8 Nymphaea ‘Dr Florence’ (‘Docteur Florence’) 32. Ex. 8 – ‘Gloire de Temple-sur-Lot’ 32. Ex. 14


Index, Scientific names Odontoglossum Div. III. Ex. 5 Oncidium Div. III. Ex. 5 onion ‘NuMex Arthur’ 19. Ex. 26 – ‘NuMex Crimson’ 19. Ex. 26 – ‘NuMex Freedom’ 19. Ex. 26 – ‘NuMex Solano’ 19. Ex. 26 Osteospermum ‘Hopleys’ (“Hopley's”) 32. Ex. 17 Paeonia ‘Kokuryū-nishiki’ 31. Ex. 4 – ‘Sussex Peony’ 19. Ex. 36 Paphiopedilum Atlantis grex 3. Ex. 9 – Lucifer grex 3. Ex. 9 – Sorel 14. Ex. 4 – Sorel grex 3. Ex. 9: 14. Ex. 4 Pelargonium ‘Chi-Chi’ 32. Ex. 14 – ‘Freak of Nature’ 2. Ex. 5 Pernettya 5. Ex. 3 Persicaria affinis ‘Donald Lowndes’ (“Lowndes's Variety”) 19. Ex. 32 Phalaenopsis Div. III. Ex. 6 Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Contender’ 2. Ex. 10 Philadelphus ‘Debureaux’ (“Deberoux”) 32. Ex. 2 ×Philageria Div. III. Ex. 9 Philesia Div. III. Ex. 9 Phlox paniculata ‘Kirchenfuerst’ (‘Kirchenfürst’) 32. Ex. 5 – ‘Phlox of Sheep’ 19. Ex. 36 Picea abies 2. Ex. 4, 13 – – ‘Little Gem’ 2. Ex. 4 – – ‘Nidiformis’ 2. Ex. 4 – pungens ‘J. James’ (“Jesse James”) 32. Ex. 9 Pinus sylvestris ‘Hexguld’ (“Häxguld”) 32. Ex. 3 – – ‘Repens’ 13. Ex. 2 Pisum ‘Consort’ 19. Ex. 1 Pittosporum ‘Garnettii’ 2. Ex. 15 – ‘John Flanagan’ 2. Ex. 15 – ‘Margaret Turnbull’ 2. Ex. 15 plum ‘Apricot’ 19. Ex. 38 Polypogon Div. III. Ex. 2 potato ‘Cara’ 19. Ex. 2 – ‘Red Craigs Royal’ 2. Ex. 5 Potentilla ‘Davidson's Red’ 19. Ex. 54 Primula Border Auricula Group 3. Ex. 1 – denticulata ‘Cachmeriana’ 19. Ex. 9 – – var. cachmeriana 19. Ex. 9 – ‘MacWatt's Blue’ 3. Ex. 1 – ‘Old Irish Scented’ 3. Ex. 1 – ‘Osborne Green’ 3. Ex. 1 Prunus ‘Ama-no-gawa’ 31. Ex. 4 – ‘Beni-chidori’ 32. Ex. 15 – ‘Chōshū-hizakura’ 31. Ex. 5, 6 – “Chôshû-hizakura” 31. Ex. 6 – ‘Hikaru Genji’ 32. Ex. 15

– ‘Kojō-no-mai’ – mume – – ‘Xuehai Gongfen’ – – ‘Yanhong Zhaoshui’ – – ‘Zao Yudie’ – padus ‘Sandgaard’ – ‘Taki-nioi’ ×Pseudadenia Pseudorchis ‘Puzol’ pepino Quercus frainetto – – ‘Hungarian Crown’

31. Ex. 5 31. Ex. 1 31. Ex. 1 31. Ex. 1 31. Ex. 1 2. Ex. 8 31. Ex. 4 Div. III. Ex. 4 Div. III. Ex. 4 19. Ex. 2 18. Ex. 2 18. Ex. 2

Ranunculus ‘Brazen Hussy’ 20. Ex. 7 – ficaria Brazen Hussy Group 20. Ex. 7 Renanthera Div. III. Ex. 8 – imschootiana 3. Ex. 16 Retinospora squarrosa 26. Ex. 4 Rhododendron 19. Ex. 19 – ‘Albatross’ 20. Ex. 5 – ‘Ambrosius Superbus’ (“Ambrosius Superbum”) 19. Ex. 19 – boothii 3. Ex. 4 – – Mishmiense Group 3. Ex. 4 – ‘Calypso’ 19. Ex. 38 – facetum 20. Ex. 5 – Jacqueline Group 20. Ex. 5 – Jacqueline-Gruppen 14. Ex. 1 – ‘Madonna’ (Brooks) 27. Ex. 2 – ‘Madonna’ (Gable) 27. Ex. 2 – ‘Maurice Daffarn’ Div. V. Ex. 5 – mishmiense 3. Ex. 4 – Northern Lights Group 32. Ex. 14 – ‘Rhododendron Mad’ 19. Ex. 36 – ‘Sherbrooke’ (“Sherbrook”) 32. Ex. 1 – ‘Terracotta’ (“Terra-Cotta”) 32. Ex. 18 – ‘Tri-Lights’ 32. Ex. 14 – ‘White Beauty’ 19. Ex. 52 Rhynchostylis Div. III. Ex. 1, 6 ×Rodrettiopsis Div. III. Ex. 6 Rodriguezia Div. III. Ex. 6 Rosa carolina ‘Inda’ 2. Ex. 8 – Polyantha Group 20. Ex. 1 – ‘Pompon de Paris’ 19. Ex. 5 rose ‘Ausburton’ 28. Ex. 1 – ‘Harwestsun’ 19. Ex. 28 – ‘Harwex’ 19. Ex. 28 – ‘Harwharry’ 19. Ex. 28 – ‘Harwicklow’ 19. Ex. 28 – ‘Korlanum’ 12. Ex. 1 12. Ex. 1 – SOMMERWIND (‘Korlanum’) 12. Ex. 1 – SURREY (‘Korlanum’)


113

Index, Scientific names – VENTE D'ETÉ (‘Korlanum’) “rose Sommerwind” “rose Surrey” “rose Vente d'Eté”

12. Ex. 1 12. Ex. 1 12. Ex. 1 12. Ex. 1

Salix alba ‘Lievelde’ 2. Ex. 1 – matsudana ‘Tortuosa’ 2. Ex. 1 Salvia officinalis ‘Tricolor’ 2. Ex. 5 Saxifraga fortunei ‘Akane-Fuji’ 19. Ex. 5: 32. Ex. 15 Scilla campanulata ‘Rose Queen’ 19. Ex. 8 – hispanica ‘Rose Queen’ 19. Ex. 8 – – var. campanulata ‘Rose Queen’ 19. Ex. 8 Secale Div. III. Ex. 10 Selenicereus Div. III. Ex. 2 ×Seleniphyllum Div. III. Ex. 2 Senecio 3. Ex. 7 Silene flos-jovis 19. Ex. 39 – ‘Jupiterbloem’ 19. Ex. 39 Solanum 5. Ex. 4 – aethiopicum Gilo Group 20. Ex. 2 – muricatum ‘Puzol’ 19. Ex. 2 – nigrum 1. Ex. 1 – physalifolium 1. Ex. 1 1. Ex. 1 – ×procurrens – tuberosum ‘Cara’ 19. Ex. 2 – – ‘Desiree’ 3. Ex. 10 – – (Maincrop Group) ‘Desiree’ 3. Ex. 10 – – Maincrop Red-skinned Group 3. Ex. 11 – – (Red-skinned Group) ‘Desiree’ 3. Ex. 10 – – ‘Wilja’ 2. Ex. 1 ×Sophrolaeliocattleya Div. III. Ex. 6 Sophronitis Div. III. Ex. 6 Sorghum bicolor ‘Texas 610’ 2. Ex. 12 Spiraea cantoniensis 19. Ex. 10 – – ‘Lanceata’ 19. Ex. 10 – – f. lanceata 19. Ex. 10 – japonica ‘Anthony Waterer’ 2. Ex. 5 Stanhopea wardii 28. Ex. 7 strawberry ‘Cambridge Favourite’ 7. Ex. 1 Styrax japonica 28. Ex. 9 – – ‘Benibana’ 28. Ex. 9 – – ‘Pink Chimes’ 28. Ex. 9 Syringa 16. Ex. 1 2. Ex. 6: 13. Ex. 3: 21. Ex. 1 – ×chinensis – ‘Correlata’ (“+Correlata”) 2. Ex. 6: 13. Ex. 3 – ×hyacinthiflora ‘La Cañada’ (“La Canada”) 32. Ex. 6 – vulgaris 2. Ex. 6: 13. Ex. 3: 21. Ex. 1 – – ‘Andenken an Ludwig Späth’ 2. Ex. 1: 12. Ex. 2 12. Ex. 2 – – LUDWIG SPAETH Thrixspermum amplexicaule – Eric Holttum grex

114

– scopa Tricyrtis ‘Tōgen’ Trifolium repens ‘Star’ “×Triticale” ×Triticosecale – ‘Siskiyou’ Triticum – aestivum ‘Marquis’ ×Tritordeum Tulipa ‘Apeldoorn’ – Breeders Group – Dutch Breeders Group – English Breeders Group – Grupo Darwin – ‘Liberty’ [Krelage, pre-1926] – ‘Liberty’ [Vooren, 1988] Vanda ×Vascostylis Verbena hastata ‘Rosea’ ‘Veronica’ ash Veronica sutherlandii – virginica ‘Alba’ Veronicastrum – virginicum ‘Album’ Viburnum ×bodnantense – – ‘Dawn’ – farreri – grandiflorum – macrocephalum – – ‘Macrocephalum’ – – var. macrocephalum – – ‘Sterile’ – – var. sterile – opulus ‘Xanthocarpum’ Vicia faba Elatae Group – – ‘Longest Possible’ Victoria ‘Adventure’ – amazonica – cruziana – ‘Longwood Hybrid’ ‘Victoria’ Dianthus Vinca major ‘Variegata’ Viola ‘Penny Black’

24. Ex. 2 31. Ex. 4 2. Ex. 11 Div. III. Ex. 10 Div. III. Ex. 10 19. Ex. 1 Div. III. Ex. 7, 10 2. Ex. 10 Div. III. Ex. 7 2. Ex. 1 3. Ex. 12 3. Ex. 12 3. Ex. 12 14. Ex. 1 27. Ex. 1 27. Ex. 1 Div. III. Ex. 1, 6, 8 Div. III. Ex. 1, 6 2. Ex. 7 19. Ex. 38 19. Ex. 11 19. Ex. 18 19. Ex. 18 19. Ex. 18 19. Ex. 30 19. Ex. 30 19. Ex. 30 19. Ex. 30 19. Ex. 15 19. Ex. 15 19. Ex. 15 19. Ex. 15 19. Ex. 15 2. Ex. 9 20. Ex. 2 19. Ex. 44 1. Ex. 4 1. Ex. 4 1. Ex. 4 1. Ex. 4 19. Ex. 38 2. Ex. 5 2. Ex. 7

Weigela floribunda ‘Foliis Purpureis’ – – foliis purpureis wheat ‘AC Avonlea’ ‘William Sim’ carnation Zea mays ‘Wisconsin 153’

19. Ex. 12 19. Ex. 12 19. Ex. 27 19. Ex. 2 2. Ex. 10

24. Ex. 2 24. Ex. 2


Subject index

Subject Index

The references in this index are not to pages, but to the Articles, through the Rules and Recommendations, etc., of the Code as follows: Div. = Division; Pre. = Preamble; Prin. = Principle; Arabic numerals = Rules or, when followed by a letter, Recommendations; Ex. = Example: Nt. = Note; fn – footnotes. The various Appendices are not here indexed.

Abbreviation, acronym 32.11 – blend 32.11 – contraction of word 32.11 – cv. 13.1, 13. Nt. 2 – doctor 32. Ex. 10 – forms of address 32.9 – Gp 14.2 – gx 14.3, 14.6 – initialism 32. Ex. 11 – international organization 28.3 – Marylebone Cricket Club 32. Ex. 11 – mister 32. Ex. 10 – National Aeronautical and Space 32. Ex. 12 Agency – “No” 32.8 – professor 32. Ex. 10 – prohibited 32.9 – saint 32. Ex. 10 – United Star Ship 32. Ex. 11 – use of period (full stop) 32.11 – var. 13.1 Aberrant growth 2.8 Accents, addition of 32.6 – retention of 32.4 Accepted name, association with trade designation 15.1 – choice 26.1-3 – definition 10.1 – designation 10.3 – Groups may have more than one 10.2 – not a synonym 12.2 – not suitable for marketing 12.1 – not trade designations Prin. 6 – objection to designation 10.6 – proposal to accept 10.4 – trade designation in juxtaposition 12.3 Accuracy, in naming Prin. 8 Acronym, definition 32.11 Addition sign 21.2 – before cultivar epithet 13.2

Adjective, to agree in gender 19.10-12 Adult cutting material 2. Ex. 3 Africa, as an epithet 19. Ex. 23 Agricultural classification 3.2 Agriculture Pre. 1 ALA-LC Romanization Tables 30.2 Alternative Group epithet 29. Nt. 2 Alternative terminology 28.2 Apostrophe 32.14 – erroneous use 32.15 – in possessive noun 32.14 – use in epithets 19.21 Application of names Prin. 9 –ara, termination Div. III. 5-7, 9 Arabic numeral 19.16 Artificial cross 28. Ex. 7 Aurora Borealis, as an epithet 19. Ex. 20 Author abbreviation 25A.1 – citation not affected 26.4 – citation not necessary 25.1 – of name 25 – of name established by ICRA 25.4 – of name established by statutory plant registration authority 25.5 – placed after name 25.2 – regard to original taxonomic position 25.2 – translated Group epithets 25.3 – transliterated or transcribed epithets 25.3 Author’s name, reference to 24B.1 Backward slash symbol, use in epithets Banned punctuation marks in epithets Banned words in epithets Blend, definition Bognor Regis, as an epithet Bonsai Botanic gardens “Botanical Code” Branch sports


19.21 19.21 19.18-20 32.11 19. Ex. 23 2. Ex. 22 13. Nt. 2 Prin. 2 2. Ex. 15

115

Subject index Breeder – false impression as to Breeder’s numbers Breeding material

28.4 19G.1 19. Nt. 2 27.2

Campus, as an epithet 19 Ex. 20 Capital letter 15A.1, 19.3, 20.3 Caret 31.4 Caveat emptor, as an epithet 19. Ex. 21 Change, name Pre. 9 Characteristics, distinctness 2.2 – retention of 2.2 – stability 2.2 – uniformity 2.2 Chimaera 2.9 Chinese 2. Nt. 2 – books 22.2 – ideographic characters 31.1 – transcription to Roman alphabet 31.1 Choice of names 26 Cicero, as an epithet 19. Ex. 22 Claudia, Claudius, as an epithet 19. Ex. 22 Clone, definition 2.5 – variable characteristics Div. V. Nt. 2 Code names 19.27 Code, aims Pre. 1, Prin 1. – Articles Pre. 3 – earlier editions 28.5 – endorsement Prin. 10 – examples Pre. 3 – modifcation Div. VI – notes Pre. 3 – Principles Pre. 2 – Recommendations Pre. 5 – regulation of terminology Prin. 5. – Rules Pre. 3 – translation 2.3 Collector’s numbers 19. Nt. 2 Colloquial names Prin. 7 Colour chart Div. V. 10 – precise edition Div. V. Nt. 4 Comma, use in epithets 19.21 Common name, of genus 19.23 – not regulated by Code Prin. 7 – unambiguous 19.2 Common phrases 19.14 Competing name 10.5 Condensed formula Div. III. 2-6, 8-9 Confusingly similar epithet 26.3 Conjunctions 19.3 Connecting vowel 21.3, Div. III. 4, 6 Conservation, application to conserve 17.1-3 – basis for proposal 17.2

116

– becoming effective 17.3 – objection to proposal 10.6 – publication of decision 17.3 Conserved name, defintion 11.1 Contraction (of a word) 32.11 Corpus Christi, as an epithet 19. Ex. 20 Correct spelling, definition 32.1, 2 Correction, use of apostrophe 32.15 – use of hyphen 32.15 – with reserve 32A.1 Covariant, definition 2.20 Cultivar epithet, adjectival words 19D.1 – adjective 19.10-12 – alphabetic script 30.1 – already in use 19.5 – applied to more than one cultivar 27.5 – Arabic numeral 19.16 – causing offence 19H.1 – code 19.27 – confused with Group epithet 20A.1 – confusing in market place 19C.1 – confusingly similar 19.25. – correction of spelling 32.3, 32A.1 – derivation 32.15 – descriptive words 19D.1 – difficult to pronounce 19A.1 – distinctive 19.18 – exaggerating merits 19.26 – excessively long words 19A.1 – false impression as to attributes 19E.1 – false impression as to derivation and orgins 19F.1-G.1 – formation in language other than Latin 19. Sect. 3 – hyphenation 32.12 – Latin form linked to name of taxonomic unit 19.9 – Latin form to be adopted 19.7-8 – limitation to characters 19.15 – linked to grex 5.5 – linked to species 5.5 – meaning of 24D.1 – name of genus 19.23-24 – name of living person 19B.1 – name of species 19.24 – new one required 19.5 – not to duplicate Latin epithet of taxonomic unit 19.18 – novel invention 19.17 – remains unaltered 19.5 – Roman numeral 19.16 – terms in market place 19C.1 – to be short 19A.1 – transcription 31.1 – translated 29. Nt. 1 – transliteration 30.1


Subject index – validly published one takes precedence 19.8 – banned words 19.18-20 – prohibitions in 19. Sect. 4 – retention of Latin epithets 19.6 Cultivar name, acceptance of Div. IV. 1 – against wishes of raiser 28.4 – author 25, Div. V. 13 – definition 7.1, 19.1 – establishment ensured Div. IV. 2 – graft-chimaera 21.4 – minimum requirement 19.2 – nomenclatural standard Div. V. 1 – registration Prin. 8 – rejection 28.1 – re-use 27 Cultivar, assigned to more than one Group 3.4 – breeder 24D.1, Div. V. 13 – change in distinguishing characters 2.18 – change in propagation 2.18 – circumscription Div. V. Nt. 2 – clone 2.5 – definition 2.2 – different modes of propagation 2.4 – graft-chimaera 2.10 – indication of status 13.1 – history 24D.1 – introducer 24D.1, Div. V. 13 – judgement of merit Div. IV. 4 – nominant 24D.1, Div. V. 13 – not equivalent to forma or varietas 2. Nt. 1 – origins irrelevant 2.17 – parentage 24D.1 – primary category 2.1 – raiser 24D.1, Div. V. 13 – rootstock 2.19 – term not to be used in cultivar epithet 19.20 – variable characteristics Div. V. Nt. 2 – vernacular equivant to 2. Nt. 2-3 “Cultivated Plant Code” Prin. 1 Cultivated plants, names in accordance with Code 1A.1 Cyclophysic clone, definition 2.7 Date of name – correction of spelling – definition – Plant Breeders’ Rights Date of publication, definition Definition, accepted name – acronym – blend – clone – conserved name – correct spelling

27.5 8.2 8.1 24. Nt. 2 23.2 10.1 32.11 32.11 2.5 11.1 32.1, 2

– covariant 2.20 – cultivar name 7.1, 19.1 – cultivar 2.2 – cyclophysic clone 2.7 – date of name 8.1 – date of publication 23.2 – denomination class 5.1 – description 24.2 – establishment 9.1 – F1 hybrid 2.14 – graft-chimaera 4.1, 2.10 – Group 3.1 – Group name 7.1, 20.1 – indelible autograph 22. Nt. 2 – International Cultivar Registration Authority (ICRA) Div. IV. 2 – line 2.12 – multiline 2.13 – nomenclatural standard Div. V. 1 – printed material 22. Nt. 1 – publication 6.1, 22.1 – registrant Div. IV. 7 – registrar Div. IV. 6 – registration Div. IV. 1 – statutory plant registration authority Div. IV. 3 – synonym 12.2 – topophysic clone 2.6 – topovariant 2.15 – trade designation 12.1 Denomination class, announcement 5.3 – definition 5.1 – division 5.3-4 – genus 5.2 – hybrid genus 5.2 – permitted re-use in 5.1 – special 5.2 – statutory authorities 5.Nt.1 – uniting 5.3-4 Description, definition 24.2 – to mention differences 24A.1 Diacritical marks 31.4 – addition 32.6 – retention 32.4 Diaeresis 32.5 Digital image Div. V. 3 Distinct characteristics 2.2 Doctor, abbreviation of 32. Ex. 10 Double quotation marks 13.1 Duplication of names Prin. 9 Dutch 2. Nt. 2 Earliest name Electronic media


10.1 22.1

117

Subject index Engei-hinshu (Japanese) English version of Code Epithet, choice in Latin form – confusingly similar – confusion, cultivar and Group – equivalent – euphony of – first syllable – formation of cultivar epithets – formation of Group epithets – initial letter – to demonstrate status – typographical distinction Equivalent epithets Espalier Established custom Established name, prior rights – rejection – synonym Establishment, conditions – conditions fulfilled simultaneously – conformity with legislation – correct spelling – definition – names of graft-chimaeras – plants to exist – simultaneous publication European hazel Exclamation mark, use in epithets Existing use

2. Nt. 2 Pre. 11 26.1 26.3 20A.1 32.9 Pre. 1 32A.1 19 20.4-5 32A.1 7.2 7A.1 32.9 2. Ex. 22 Pre. 10 28.3 28.3 12.2 24 8.1 9. Nt. 1 32.2 9.1 24.3 24.6 24.7 2. Ex. 21 19.21 26.1-2

F1 hybrid, definition 2.14 Flag iris 19. Ex. 52 Forestry Pre. 1 Form (English) 2. Nt. 3, 2.3 Form (German) 2. Nt. 3 Form, not to be used as or in cultivar epithet 19.19 forma (f.) 2. Nt. 1 Forma (Spanish) 2. Nt. 3 Forme (French) 2. Nt. 3 Formula, graft-chimaera 21.1-2 Forward slash symbol, use in epithets 19.21 Fractions, use in epithets 19.22 French 2. Nt. 2, 3 Full stop (period) 19.21, 32.11 Fungi Pre. 8 Future naming Pre. 4, 5 Garden form Gei Gender Gene bank Generic designation

118

2. Nt. 3 3. Nt. 2 19.10-12 27.2 7. Nt. 1

Generic name, graft-chimaera 21.1 Genetically modified plants 2.16 Genus, name in Latin form 19.2 Geographical sources 2. Ex. 8 German 2. Nt. 2, 3 Germplasm, variation Div. V. Nt. 3 Glendoick® 28. Ex. 4 Gordianus, as an epithet 19. Ex. 22 Graft, on rootstock 2.19 Graft-chimaera, cultivar name 21.4 – definition 4.1, 2.10 – distinctive 21.6 – formula 21.1-2 – generic name 21.1 – name if derived from differing genera 21.3 – name to differ from hybrid 21.3 – not a sexual hybrid 4.1 – publication of names 22.3 – rejection of name 28.1 – same component genera 21.5 Grafting 4.1, 2.10 Grammatical correctness Pre. 1 Grammatical error 32.12 Graphical process 22. Nt. 1 Grex 3.3 – abbreviation of term 14.3 – earliest established name 3.6 – epithet used as Group epithet 20.5 – epithet not in brackets (parentheses) 14.5 – new name 3.6, 7 – not to be used as or in cultivar epithet 19.20 – parents as synonyms 3.6 – parents re-stated 3.7 – starting point of names 16.2 – translation etc. of epithets 29.3 Group epithet, confused with cultivar epithet 20A.1 – correction of spelling 32.3, 32A.1 – derivation 32.15 – derived from grex epithet 20.5 – hyphenation 32.12 – in round brackets (parentheses) 14.4 – Latin form 29. Nt. 2 – transcription 31.1 – translation 29.2 – transliteration 30.1 Group name, acceptance of Div. IV. 1 – against wishes of raiser 28.4 – definition 7.1 – registration Prin. 8 – establishment ensured Div. IV. 2 – nomenclatural standard Div. V. 1 – rejection of 28.1 – re-use 27


Subject index Group, abbreviation of word – assignment to more than one – based on parentage – circumscription altered – definition – divided – equivalent in other languages – equivalent terms – equivalent to word in other languages – formation of epithets – formed from gei – former taxonomic unit – grex – indication of status – judgement of usefulness – more than one accepted name – new name to be provided – not to be used as or in cultivar epithet – recording trademarks – re-defined – united – use of initial capital letters

14.2 3.4 3.3, 24.3 3.5 3.1 3.5 14.1-2 3. Nt. 1 20.2 20.4-5 3. Nt. 2 3.2 3.3 14.1 Div. IV. 4 10.2 3.5 19.20 Div. IV. 5 3.5 3.5 20.3

Habeas Corpus, as an epithet 19. Ex. 20 Hand-copied books 22.2 Hangeul 31.2, 32.2 Ex. 2 Hepburn system of Romanization 31.3 Herbarium, recognized Div. V. 14 Herbarium specimen, equivalent Div. V. 1 – expert preparation Div. V. 14 – nomenclatural standard Div. V. I Hiragana 31.3, 4 Horticultural classification 3.2 Horticulture Pre. 1 Hybrid formula Div. III. 2 Hybrid genus, derived from four or more genera Div. III. 5 – derived from three genera Div. III. 6 – derived from two genera Div. III. 4 Hybrid, equivalent to “Group” 3. Nt. 1 – indication of Div. III. 2 – names governed by I.C.B.N. Div. III. 1 – names of 1.2 – not to be used in cultivar epithet 19.20 – not to have same name as graft-chimaera 21.3 Hybridization 1.2 Hyphen, erroneous use 32.15 – use in epithets 19.21 – words after 19.3 Hyphenated word 32.13 IJsselham, in epithet

19. Ex. 4

Illustration, provision recommended 24C.1 Illustrative material 24F.1 Image, digital Div. V. 3 Improved, not to be used in cultivar epithet 19.20 Indelible autograph 22.3 – definition 22.1, 22. Nt. 2, 22.3 India, as an epithet 19. Ex. 23 Intellectual property rights 7. Nt. 1 Intellectual property Prin. 4 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (I.C.B.N.) Prin. 2 – Appendix I 1.2 – current edition Pre. 8 – names in accordance 1.1, 1A.1 – names of hybrids 1.2, Div. III. 1 – provisions for author citation 25A.1 International Cultivar Registration Authority (ICRA), acceptance by Div. IV. 4 – application for starting point 16.1 – appointment of Div. IV. 2 – definition Div. IV. 2 – choice of names 26.2-3 – designation of accepted name 10.3, 10.5 – not existing 10.4 – permitting re-use 10.5 – provisional listing by 24.5 – receiving publications 22B.1 – re-use of names 27.1-4 – sending a specimen to 24F.1 I.S.H.S. Commission for Nomenclature and Cultivar Registration, denomination class 5.2 – designation of starting point 16.1 – International Cultivar Registration Authorities (ICRAs) Div. IV. 2 I.U.B.S. Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants, definitive ruling 10.4, 10.6 – modification of Code Div. VI – no longer extant Div. VI – publication of decision 17.3 – remit proposal to accept name to 10.3 – ruling on conservation 10.4, 10.6, 11.1, 17.1 – ruling on re-use 27.3 – Secretary 17.2, 27.3 Kanji 31.3, 4 Katakana 31.3, 4 Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary 31.3 Khoisan language 19. Ex. 34 Korea, Ministry of Culture and Tourism 31.2 Korean books 22.2 Korean, phonetic characters 31.2 – transcription to Roman alphabet 31.2


119

Subject index Labels 22.1 Language other than Latin 29.2, 32.2 Latin name of genus 19.23 Latin words used in current language 19.14 Legal conventions 2. Nt. 4 Legislation 9.Nt.1 Legislative texts 7. Nt. 1 Libraries 22.1, 22B.1 Ligature, transcription of 32.7 Line, definition 2.12 Lines, genetically modified 2. Nt. 5 Linguistic custom 19.3, 20.3, 32.13-14, 32.6,9 Linnaeus's Species plantarum 16.1 Lithography 22. Nt. 2 Londinium, as an epithet 19. Ex. 23 Lower-case “x” Div. III. 3 Macron 31.4 Maintenance, not to be used as or in cultivar epithet 19.20 Mandarin 31.1 Mankind Prin. 2 – intentional action Pre. 7 Marketing device Prin. 6, 12.1, Div. IV. 5 Marston Magna, as an epithet 19. Ex. 23 Marylebone Cricket Club, abbreviation of 32. Ex. 11 McCune-Reischauer system of Romanization 31.2 Mechanical process 22. Nt. 1 Metallic etching 22. Nt. 2 Microform 22.1, 22. Nt. 1 Micropropagation 2. Ex. 19 Mister, abbreviation of 32. Ex. 10 Mixture, not to be used as or in cultivar epithet 19.20 Modification of Code Div. VI Mons, as an epithet 19. Ex. 23 Monsieur, in cultivar epithet 32. Ex. 9 Monstrose plants 2. Ex. 18 Multiline, definition 2.13 – genetically modified 2. Nt. 5 Multiplication sign Div. III. 3 – before cultivar epithet 13.3 Museum, as an epithet 19. Ex. 20 Mutant tissue 2.9 Name, application made precise 27.5 – availability for use Prin. 4 – clear indication of rank 19. Nt. 1 – competing use 26.1 – contrary to Code 28.1 – contrary to Rule Pre. 9, 10.3, 11.1, 17.1 – date of 27.5 – earliest Prin. 3 – equivalent to “generic designation” 7. Nt. 1

120

– hybrid genera and application Div. III. 11 – hybrid genera and priority Div. III. 12 – in italics 7A. 1 – Latin form Pre. 8 – long-forgotten 26A.1 – not accepted by author 24.5 – obsolete 26A.1 – of cultivar in Latin form 19. Sect. 2 – of cultivar, general provisions 19. Sect. 1 – of cultivar, other provisions 19, Sect. 5 – of genus as cultivar epithet 19.23-24 – of Group, definition 20.1 – of species as cultivar epithet 19.24 – proper reason for change Pre. 9 – published in anticipation Div. III. 14 – published without description 19. Nt. 1 – purpose of Pre. 1 – taking precedence Prin. 5 – trademarks are not Prin 4 – useless creation of Pre. 1 – widely used 10.3-4 – written in equivalent ways 7.1 Naming of the past Pre. 4 National Aeronautical and Space Agency, abbreviation of 32. Ex. 12 National legislation Prin. 5, 5.Nt.1 National listing Prin. 5 Nil desperandum, as an epithet 19. Ex. 21 Noli me tangere, as an epithet 19. Ex. 21 Nomenclatural standard, citation of holder Div. V. 7 – citation of holding institution 24G.1 – citation of 26.3 – clonal cultivar Div. V. 5 – collections of 24F.1 – date of collection for Div. V. 12 – definition Div. V. 1 – designation Prin. 9, 26.3, Div. V. 7 – donation of material Div. V. 14 – dried specimen Div. V. 9 – duplicates Div. V. 11 – earliest designated Div. V. 8 – germplasm Div. V. 6 – illustration Div. V. 3 – image Div. V. 3 – in portfolio Div. V. 10 – in special folder Div. V. 9 – location of living material for Div. V. 12 – more than one designated Div. V. 8 – precedence Div. V. 8 – principle Prin. 9 – reference to Div. V. Nt. 3 – seed-raised cultivar Div. V. 6 – suitable Div. V. 14


Subject index

Objection, designation of accepted name – proposal for conservation Obsolete names Offset printing Orchid cultivar epithet, linked to grex – linked to species Orchid names, starting point Orchid nomenclature Orchids, flower colours – use of grex Organisms treated as plants Original spelling, correction Origins, false impression as to Overscore

10.6 10.6 26A.1 22. Nt. 2 5.5 5.5 16.2 3.3 Div. V. Ex. 3 3.3 Pre. 7, 8 8.2, 32.12 19G.1 31.4

Pinzhong (Chinese) 2. Nt. 2 Place names 19.14 Plant Breeders' Rights Prin. 5, 24. Nt. 2 Plant labels 13. Nt. 2 Plant Variety Rights Prin. 5 Plant, identity of Div. V. Nt. 2 Plants brought from the wild 18.1-2 Portfolio Div. V. 10 Portuguese 2. Nt. 2 Possessive noun 32.14 Prepositions 19.3 Prevailing custom Pre. 1 Printed material, definition 22. Nt. 1 – ephemeral 22A.1 Prior right 28.3 Priority, names of hybrid genera Div. III. 12 – Principle of Prin. 3 Professor, abbreviation of 32. Ex. 10 Prohibitions in cultivar epithets 19. Sect. 4 Propagation, appropriate means 2.2 Proper nouns 19.3 Proposal to accept name 10.4 Provenance 2.15 Provisional listing 24.5 Public herbarium 24F.1 Public meeting 22.1 Publication, wishes of raiser or breeder 28.4 – date spanning over a year 23.3 – definition 6.1, 22.1 – designation of nomenclatural standard Div. V. 7 – reference to title 24B.1 – simultaneous 24.7 – to be dated 23.1 Punctuation marks, banned in epithets 19.21

Page number Paintings Parentage, details of Parental genera Parentheses, grex epithets – Group epithets Paris Convention Parkway® Past naming Paulus, as an epithet Peninsula, as an epithet Period (full stop) – use in epithets Personal initials Personal names Photographic image Photographic material Pinyin

24B.1 Div. V. Ex. 3 Div. V. 10 Div. III. 4 14.5 14.4 28. Ex. 5 28. Ex. 3 Pre. 4 19. Ex. 22 19. Ex. 20 32.11 19.21 32.10 19.14 Div. V. Ex. 3 24F.1 31.1

Raiser 28.4 – false impression as to 19G.1 – name of 27.5 Range of variation 18.2 Ras (Dutch) 2. Nt. 2 Recommendations, to be followed Pre. 5 Registrant, author of name 25.4 – definition Div. IV. 7 Registrar, definition Div. IV. 6 Registration, definition Div. IV. 1 Rejected name, not to be accepted 28.5 Rejection of name 28.1 Rejection, not permitted 28.2 – publication against wishes of raiser or breeder 28.4 Replacement name 28.3, 28.5 Retroactive provisions Prin. 11 Re-use, conditions for 27.2 – definitive ruling 27.3

– supporting nomenclatural type Div. V. 4 – type specimen Div. V. 2 – variation in germplasm Div. V. Nt. 3 – verification of Div. V. 13 – voucher specimen Div. V. 2 – trademarks Div. IV. 5 Nomenclatural type Div. III. 11, Div. V. Nt. 1 – designation of Div. V. Nt. 1 – interpretation ambiguous Div. V. 4 – precedence over nomenclatural standard Div. V. 4 Nominant 24D.1 Non sequitur, as an epithet 19. Ex. 21 Non-scientific 22. Nt. 1, 22.3, Div. III. 13 newspapers Noun, gender 19.12 – possessive 32.14 – qualified with adjective 19.12 Nova Scotia, as an epithet 19. Ex. 23 Novel invention 19.17


121

Subject index – names – objection to – subsequent re-use Roman alphabet – transcription from Chinese – transcription from Japanese – transcription from Korean Roman numeral Roman script Romanization tables Romanized epithets, diacritical marks in Romanji Rootstock Round brackets, Group epithets Rule, absence of – consequence of – contrary to – object of Russian

27 27.3 27.4 30.2 31.1 31.3 31.2 19.16 24E.1 31.1 31.4 31.3 2.19 14.4 Pre. 10 Pre. 10 Pre 9 Pre. 4 2. Nt. 2

Saint, abbreviation of 32. Ex. 10 Scandinavian 2. Nt. 2 Scion 2.19 Seed bank 27.2 Seed-exchange lists 22.3, Div. III. 13 Selection, not to be used as or in cultivar epithet 19.20 Series, not to be used as or in cultivar epithet 19.20 's-Hertogenbosch, in epithet 19. Ex. 4 Silvicultural classification 3.2 Similarity 3.1 Single quotation marks 13.1 Sort (Scandinavian languages and Russian) 2. Nt. 2 Sort, equivalet to “Group” 3. Nt. 1 Sorte (German) 2. Nt. 2 Spanish 2. Nt. 2, 3 Species, vernacular name 19.4 Spelling, correction 8.2, 32.3 – epithets in Latin form 32.1 – unintentional mistake 32.3 Sport, not to be used as or in cultivar epithet 19.20 Stability, in naming Prin. 8, 9 Stable characteristics 2.2 Starting point, nomenclature 16.1 – orchid grex names 16.2 Statutory plant registration authority 28.2, Div. V. 5, 6 – definition Div. IV. 3 – establishment of names 24.4 – provisional listing of names 24.5 – re-use of names 27 Nt. 1 Statutory term 2. Nt. 4 Strain 2.3 Strain, not to be used as or in cultivar epithet 19.20 Symbols, use in epithets 19.22

122

Synonym, definition System of naming

12.2 Pre. 1

Taxonomic study Pre. 9 Taxonomic unit, designation as Group 3.2 – name as Group epithet 26.4 – name changed 19.5 – name incorporated in cultivar epithet 26.4 – no longer recognized 26.4 – no value in botany 3.2 – nomenclatural type Div. V. Nt. 1 – reclassified as cultivar 19.6 – species rank or below 19.2, 19.6 Teratological form 2. Ex. 18 Termination –ara Div. III. 5-7, 9 Theses, unpublished 22. Nt. 1 Topiary 2. Ex. 22 Topophysic clone, definition 2.6 Topovariant, definition 2.15 Trade catalogue 22.3, 22B.1, Div. III. 13 – date of 23.3 – no evidence of date 23.4 Trade designation, application of Prin. 6 12.3 – cited in juxtaposition – definition 12.1 – distinguished typographically 15A.1 – not accepted name Prin. 6 – not supported by Code Prin. 6 – not synonym 12.2 – quotation marks 15.1 – reported to an ICRA 12A.1 – status of 15.1 – translated cultivar epithets 29. Nt. 1 Trade lists, confidential 22.1 Trademarks, formation of Prin. 4 – genetically modified plants 2. Nt. 5 – not freely available Prin. 4 – not names Prin. 4 – not to be confused with names Div. IV. 5 – recording of Div. IV. 5 Transcription 31 – “#” 32.8 – “&” 32.8 – “ß” 32.8 – diaeresis 32.5 – grex epithet 29.3 – ligature 32.7 – recommended 24E.1 Transformed, not to be used as or in cultivar epithet 19.20 Translation, cultivar epithet 29. 1 – grex epithet 29.3


Subject index – Group epithet – of Code Transliteration – grex epithet – recommended Turkish hazel Type, equivalent to “Group” Typeface Typescripts

29.2 Pre. 11, 2.3 30 29.3 24E.1 2.Ex. 21 3. Nt. 1 15A.1 22.1

Uncontrolled pollination UNESCO, as epithet Uniform characteristics Uniformity in naming United Nations, as epithet United Star Ship, abbreviation of United States Library of Congress United States Patent Office

2.11 28. Ex. 5 2.2 Prin. 8 28. Ex. 5 32. Ex. 11 30.2 28. Ex. 1, 3

Valid publication, name of hybrid genus Variation, range of Variedad (Spanish) Variedade (Portuguese)

Div. III. 10 18.2 2. Nt. 2 2. Nt. 2

Varietà (Italian) 2. Nt. 2 varietas (var.) 2. Nt. 1 Variété (French) 2. Nt. 2 Variety (English) 2. Nt. 2, 2.3 Variety denomination 24. Nt. 1, Div. IV. 3 – proposed 24. Nt. 2 Variety, equivalent to cultivar 2. Nt. 4 – legal term 2. Nt. 4 – not to be used as or in cultivar epithet 19.19 – statutory term 2. Nt. 4 Vernacular names, not regulated by Code Prin. 7 Vowel, diaeresis 32.5 – pronounced long 31.4 Welsh language WIPO, as epithet Witches’ broom Word, banned in epithets – derivation – in Latin form – novel invention World Bank, as epithet


29. Ex. 2 28. Ex. 5 2. Ex. 4 19.18-20 32.15 19.14 19.17 28. Ex. 5

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