It has observed the percentage of callus and the number of broken buds, the percentage of survival plants and post grafting growth. The dates are statistically ...
GRAFTING OF WALNUT (Juglans regia L.) WITH HOT CALLUSING METHOD IN ALBANIA CONDITIONS Raimonda Sevo.,Hairi Ismaili., Ilir ҪiÇi., Frida Çarka Agricultural University of Tirana, Gene Bank,Tirane ALBANIA ABSTRACT In Albania walnut grafting is not performed and the new walnut orchards are established only by seedlings In this experiment we put in prove tree variants of graft-point treatment as below:: (i) without plastic band and without paraffin, (ii) only with paraffin (iii) with plastic band and paraffin. The grafting was performed during years 2010-2011 in three different time, 13 and 23 February and 03 March. According the three different treatments the best results are evident in the third variant .The percentage in this variant, confirmed by Anova test (Tukey-Kramer, q = 1.71 LSD 0.05), were 92.7%. The third variant has stimulated the vegetative growth of new plant. The coefficient is r2=0.88 and is analyzed by Multivariate Matrix.
Grafting in walnut is less successful compared to most fruit trees, especially in natural climatic conditions. The first attempt for grafting of walnut in Albania has beginning at 1984 at the Research Fruit Growing Institute. There are achieved some positive results with benching and patch budding grafting. The aim of the present investigation was to study the hot callusing method by treatment of graft- point with deferent mode. Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out during years 2010-2011 with autochthon cultivar “Shesh” and as rootstock common walnut (Juglans regia L.) Rootstocks utilized were uniformly sized one year – old seedlings trees. Seedlings obtained were approximately 30-40 cm in height and 10-12 mm in diameter at point of grafting with an adventitious root system. Lateral roots trimmed at the moment of grafting. Rootstocks were removed from the soil during December and stay in stratification up to grafting time.. Scion was prepared manually with a sharp grafting knife approximately 80-100 mm in length and a diameter matching the diameter of the rootstocks. (fig 1.)
The grafted plants are put at the trench bank under controlled temperature 270C and relative humidity 80 - 85 % .A modification of the heated trench was used. (figure 2) The grafted plants are stayed in these condition for 30 days Every year, each of the variants is represented by 30 plants. It has observed the percentage of callus and the number of broken buds, the percentage of survival plants and post grafting growth. The dates are statistically analysed. Treatments with differences from the average were evaluated, tested and analyzed in JMP. (Statistical Analysis Software 2008), Results and discussions The highest percentage of survival plants was reported at the third variant 63.3% - 93.3% depending of the time of grafting. At the second variant the percentage of survival plants is 20% when the grafting was done at the beginning of March. The results presented in Table nr.1 are average of percentage of survival plants for the two experimental years. The percentage of survival plants it is 0% at the first variant for the two experimental years Table 1 Average percentage of survival plants for the two experimental years.
Referring to figure 4, for comparisons for all pairs using Tukey-Kramer HSD, for alpha 0.05, q * = 3.364. the number of survival plants appear in inferior position Figure-4 Oneway Analysis of Percentage By Variants
Through variance values (lsd 3.364HSD, Alpha = 0.05) is demonstrated dominance of third variant compare second variant and Control. The level of valueless shown in Figure 5 it is 7, 34, and 100% respectively by third, second and first variant. Figure-5 Localization of invalidity measure of the variants
Figure 1. The grafting material and technique of grafting
After that there are put in prove three variant of graft-point treatment and on three different times of grafting as below: The first variant (control) : the graft - point it is not tying with plastic band and it is not plunged in hot paraffin. The second variant: the graft - point is plunged in hot paraffin. The third variant: the graft - point it is tied with plastic band and plunged in hot paraffin. The grafting was performed in three different times, 13 , 23 February and 03 March.
Callus development was 93.3-100% at the third variant, 3360% at the second variant and 20- 43.3% at the first variant.
Figure 2 Heated trench
The dynamic of callus development and breaking of buds, as affinity indicator, was evaluated at three different moments. It is seem the regressive sense after that. Callus has been reduce from 60% and 43% at the second and first variant respectively to 7% at the third variant by control test. Degeneration of callus (dehydration and narcotisation) has been depended from treatment mode of graft-point. compared with the average at control..
Figure 3 (from left to right) Grafting, break buds, callus development, and point of grafting at 20/07.
The investigation of post grafting growth has significant different. Analysis of post grafting growth estimated at 20/07 has resulted with positive and sustainable correlation only in the third variant (r2= 0.888) while in the second variant (r2 = 0.233). The connection between these two components it is waked up to zero at the control variant. Final analysis between variants, has confirmed that the third variant have higher rates of survival [93.3%]. At the second variant the survival plants have been poor performance [13%], while when the graft union is not tied with plastic band and it is not immerse into hot paraffin the result of grafting has been zero. Conclusions Compatibility of the two components is confirmed on the measure of callus development, bud breaks, the percentage of survival plants and the post grafting growth. Application of the mode with tied by plastic band and covered with paraffin of graft-point has differenced callus, functional relation and has realised the height successes of grafted plants 93.3%.
