1. GRAMMAR EXERCISES. 1. Translate the sentences with Infinitive into
Russian. 1. The stockholders elect a director or directors to operate the company.
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GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Translate the sentences with Infinitive into Russian. 1. The stockholders elect a director or directors to operate the company. 2. Our manager hates to be praised. 3. To organize joint venture is to continue business relations between the countries. 4. We were very pleased to have been able to help. 5. The most important rule for the businessman is to keep his word and to be honest. 6. To know the past historical development of the country means to under stand its present development. 7. To realise measures to be taken for nature conservation specialists in different spheres of science must join their efforts. 8. That was a very strange question to ask. 9. A decision to be made should take into account all possible results. 10.Two kinds of companies to be limited by shares are private companies and public companies. 11.For corporations to succeed in the 21st century they will need to break all the rules about structuring and running the business. 12.To describe the climate of New Zealand we should take into account the landscape of the country. 13.The aim of a New Zealand Science Congress is to enable scientists in different fields to exchange their experiences. 14.Until about 150 years ago, the air was pure and clean, perfect for the people and animals of the earth to breath. 15.First a candidate campaigns within his party to win his party's nomination. 16.The result to be expected is important for our work. 17.To know everything is to know nothing.
2. Make a passive sentence from the words in brackets. Example That church looks very old. (when / it / build?) - When was it build? 1. 2.
Is Margaret popular ? - Yes. (she / like / by everybody) This is a very popular television program. (Every week it / watch / by millions of people) 3. What happens to the cars produced in this factory? (most of them / export?) 4. Was there any trouble at the demonstration? - Yes. (about 20 people / arrest) 5. There is no longer military service in Britain. - Really? (When / it / abolish?) 6. Did anybody call an ambulance to the scene of the accident? - Yes. (but nobody / injure / so it / not / need) 7. Mr. Kelly can't use his office at the moment, (it / redecorate) 8. Last night somebody broke into our house. - Oh dear, (anything / take?) 9. George didn't have his car yesterday, (it / service / at the garage) 10. Where's my bicycle? It's gone! (it / steal) 1
11. The people next door disappeared six months ago. (they / not / see / since then) 12. This room looks different, (it / pamt / since 1 was last here?) 13. A tree was lying across the road, (it / blow / down in the storm) 4. Make the passive sentences active. 1. This mountain has never been climbed before. 2. She told me that those news papers had been carefully put away where they would not be lost. 3. Why have these cups been put here in this cupboard? 4. Evidently Nick has been told to go home at once when I gave him the things his mother asked for, for he refused even to take a cup of tea. 5. Invitations have been sent to all the old pupils to be present at the school's thirtieth anniversary. 6. All the passengers in the bus were listening to the story of the boy who had been saved from drowning by the quickness of the driver. 5. Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense. They are all in the passive. 1. The Volkswagen Beetle (to design) by Ferdinand Porsche. 2. He (to ask) to design it by the German government. 3. VW (to take) to America by American soldiers who were returning home after the war. 4. The first VW (to make) in 1938. 5. Since then over twenty million (to produce). 6. They (not to make) in Europe any more. 6. Put the verbs in brackets in the Passive Voice. 1. At the last competition the first prize (to win) by our team. 2. The question (to settle) as soon as they arrived. 3. Your report must (to divide) into two chapters. 4. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 5. The book (to discuss) at the next conference. 6. The composition must (to hand) in on Wednesday. 7. Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare the speech. 8. The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken. 9. The lectures (to attend) by all of us. 10. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment. 11. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I've known him for years. 12. The rule explained by the teacher at the last lesson (to understand) by all of us. 13. The poem was so beautiful that it (to learn) by everybody. 2
14.1 hope the invitation (to accept) by everybody. 15.The letter (to post) in half an hour. 16.It seems to me that music (to hear) from the next room. 7. Put the verbs in brackets in the Active or Passive Voice. 1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday. 2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow. 3. He (to give) me this book next week. 4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia. 5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation. 6. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book. 7. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest. 8. Yuri Dolgoruki (to find) Moscow in 1147. 9. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov. 10. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.
8. Translate the sentences with Participle I into Russian. 1. Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2. The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3. The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle. 4. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the theater, she saw that the performance had already begun. 6. Looking out of the window, he saw his mother watering the flowers. 7. Hearing the sounds of music we stopped walking. 8. She went into the room, leaving the door open. 9. Translate the sentences with Participle II into Russian. 1. My sister likes boiled eggs. 2. We stopped before a shut door. 3. Tied to the tree, the goat could not run away. 4. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room. 5. This is a church built many years ago. 6. The books written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19th century England. 7. She put a plate of fried fish in front of me. 8. The coat bought last year is too small for me now. 9. Nobody saw the things kept in that box.
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10. Replace the clauses in italics with participial constructions. 1. All the people who live in thin house are students. 2. The woman who is speaking now is our secretary. 3. The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratory is quite new. 4. The young man who helps the professor studies at the evening school for laboratory workers. 5. As he now felt more at ease, the man spoke in a louder voice. 6. Since he knew who the man was, Robert was very pleased to have the chance of talking to him. 7. As the people were afraid of falling into a ditch in the darkness at any moment, they felt their way about very carefully. 8. As he did not know what to do, he asked his brother's advice. 9. While they were travelling in Europe they visited Spain. 10.After they had settled the matter they had lunch. 11. Choose the correct form of the participle. 1. The girl writing/written on the blackboard is our best student. 2. The house surrounding/surrounded by tall trees is very beautiful. 3. Who is that boy doing/done his homework at that table? 4. The girl washing/washed the floor is my sister. 5. We listened to the Russian folk songs singing/sung by these girls. 6. Do you know the girl playing/played in the garden? 7. The book writing/written by this scientist very interesting. 8. Translate the words writing/written on the blackboard. 9. We could not see the sun covering/covered by dark clouds. 10. The losing/lost book was found at last. 11. Going/gone along the street, I met Mary and Ann. 12. Read the translating/translated sentences once more. 13. Name some places visiting/visited by you last year. 14. I picked up the pencil lying/lain on the floor. 15. She was reading the book buying/bought the day before. 16. Yesterday we were at a conference organizing/organized by the students. 17. Taking/taken the girl by hand, she led her across the street. 1 8. It was not easy to find the losing/lost stamp. 19. I'll show you a picture painting/painted by Hogarth. 20. Here is the letter receiving/received by me yesterday. 21. Look at the beautiful flowers gathering/gathered by the children. 22. His hat blowing/blown off by the wind was lying in the middle of the street 23. 'How do you like the film?' he asked, turning/turned towards me. 24. When we came nearer, we saw two boys coming/come towards us. 25. I think that boy standing/stood there is his brother.
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12. Translate into Russian. Pay your attention to one, that, it. 1. One must do one's duty. 2. One sees other people's faults sooner than one's own. 3. When one does not know grammar, one often makes mistakes. 4. In such circumstances one doesn't sometimes know what one should do. 5. His room is good, but the one you live in is much better. 6. I liked the story very much, but I disliked the one you told us yesterday. 7. The doctor's advice was that my brother should go to the south immediately 8. That the matter should have taken such a turn is not surprising. 9. It's no use asking him about it. 10. It is very likely that the prices for these goods will go up again in England 13. Fill in the gaps with who, which, that, when, where. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
I will never forget the day ... 1 met you. The music ... we listened to last night was good. The dress ... she is wearing is new. She is the woman ... I told you about. The city ... we spent our vacation was beautiful. He writes ... he is coming to Moscow. I was in London, I met Mr. Brown. I'll bring you this book ... I come to see you. The book ... you gave me to read is very interesting. I don't know ... the British museum situated. I met the man ... works in the bank. The hotel ... we stayed was very comfortable. I bought the coat ... was in the shop window. Here are the letters ... arrived this morning. He will have dinner ... he comes back home. Gerry works for a company ... makes computers. The man ... lives next door is very friendly. Where are the books ... were on the table? I prefer to sit in a front row ... I go to the theater. Marilyn Monroe was the actress ... starred in "Some Like It Hot ".
14. Translate into Russian. 1. The little cottages and farmhouses you have seen belong to the local farmers. 2. Some 40 per cent of the national territory we are speaking about is occupied by only about 0.2 per cent of the people. 3. The last time we met our friend was ten years ago. 4. Most of the agricultural land they have at their disposal is located in southeastern England. 5
5. We know the President won in severe struggle with his opponents. 6. The equipment our factory produces helps to automate production processes. 7. The TV-set 1 dropped never worked again. 8. 1 think he has made a mistake in his calculations. 9. This means the number of shareholders in a private company is limited to 50. 10.He does not know the term marketing is the business of creating demand. 11.The wall they built fell down after three weeks. 12.Everybody knows advertising performs a valuable role nowadays. 13.New Zealanders say their country is famous for its sheep fanning. 14.Kindergartens many children attend are free of charge and controlled by the Free Kindergarten Union. 15.You shouldn't forget the seasons are the opposite way round in New Zealand. 16.I really liked the new car they bought. 15. Translate the sentences with Infinitive Constructions into Russian. 1. Britain's population is expected to continue growing to the end of the century, reaching about 74 million in the year 2000. 2. The farmers seem to be working still. 3. We know sheep, cattle and pigs to be the most numerous types of livestock in the UK. 4. About two per cent of the population of the UK are said to be engaged in agriculture. 5. The plants are known to have started the production of the new equipment. 6. Who allowed these documents to be taken? 7. We expect them to arrive soon. 8. They suppose their manager to go to the international exhibition of computers next year. 9. All these factors are expected to have a great influence on the results. 10. The centre of the money market in Great Britain is sure to be the Bank of England. 11. They expect the steamer to leave the port tonight. 12. Commercial banks are known to render various services to companies and individuals. 13. The system of education in New Zealand is known to be different from that of Great Britain. 14. New Zealanders want one third of the territory of the country to be devoted to farming. 15. Two political parties are known to be represented in Parliament: National and Labour_._ 16. The members of the House of Representatives seem to be elected for only two years. 17. Millions people are reported to have taken part in the elections. 18. We know the computer to do complex operations. 6
19. The director ordered the goods to be sent during the month. 20. They expect the contract to be signed tomorrow. 21. We don't expect him to refuse to do this work even not having spoken to us. 22. Anyone likes people to tell the truth. 23. He seems to know all about this matter. 24. He is said to be strong enough to take part in the expedition. 25. To give your product an unattractive name is said to be one of the quickest ways of destroying your global image. 26. Growth in Europe is expected to remain slow. 27. Decreases in the rate of money growth seem to lead to subsequent reductions in the inflation rate. 28. The owner of a business organization prefers the stuff to handle the book keeping. 16. Translate the sentences with Participles and Participial Constructions into Russian. 1. Having extended its industry and transport Great Britain improved its commerce in the late 18 th century. 2. The water being polluted in the North Sea, animals and fish are dying. 3. Having seized many colonies Great Britain became one of the greatest colonial powers in the world. 4. There exist many different crops, some of them being used for the industrial purposes. 5. The new President having come to power, a new cabinet was formed. 6. Having attracted the attention of large commercial firm they made a step to their final aim. 7. One evening sitting by the fire, you'll remember this day. 8. When paying buy check, you must show a bank card. 9. This money is lent not only to governments but to private business enterprises, one of the purposes of the World Bank being to promote private investment. 10. The stockholders usually have certificates showing the number of shares which they own. 11. Market economy having proved more efficient, many new business structures have come into being. 12. Having been cognized laws applied in practice. 13. Many industries are well-developed in the country, fishing being one of them. 14. The party having won the majority of scats at the General Election, its leader became the Prime Minister. 15. Having stolen the silver they looked for a place to hide it. 16. Knowing that his partner was poor he offered to pay his fair. 17. All money having been spent, he decided to ask his father for a job. 18. Having been well prepared for the examination, the student could answer all the questions the teacher asked him. 19. Big companies have many managers heading departments.
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20. The installation was atomized last year, its capacity rising by 25 per cent. 21.A branch of a foreign company is a part of a company incorporated outside Great Britain but acting under the law of the UK. 22.Having developed special features in the machine, the company was able to satisfy market demands. 23.Having seen the equipment in operation, the manager started talks to purchase it. 24.Gold having been universally regarded as a valuable metal, national currency were for many years judged in terms of the so-called "gold standard". 25.The lion finding his cage door open seeing no sign of his keeper left the cage and walked slowly towards the Zoo entrance. 26. We saw the first star shining in the sky. 27. The weather permitting, we shall go to the park. 28. Having found the money they began quarrelling about how to divide it. 17. Change the direct speech into indirect. 1. He has just said, ‘I want to speak to you.’ 2. He has said, ‘We have finished our work.’ 3. He will say, ‘I will do it at once.’ 4. He said, ‘This exercise is very easy.’ 5. He said to her, ‘I met him last year.’ 6. He said, ‘He is going to Moscow tomorrow.’ 7. He said to me, ‘I have never been here before.’ 8. I said, ‘I was ill yesterday.’ 9. He said to them, ‘She will be here in a half an hour.’ 10.He said, ‘I was working hard all the time.’ 11.He said to me. ‘I'll come as soon as I can.’ 12.He said, ‘I 'm afraid 1 can't go there now but 1 shall probably be able to go tomorrow’. 13.She said, ‘I have been very ill, but I'm feeling much better.’ 14.He said, ‘The price does not include the cost of packing.’ 15.The director said to him, ‘You must charter a steamer of 8,000 tons.’ 18. Change the direct questions into indirect. 1. He has just asked me, 'Who will come to the cinema with me?' 2. He has asked me, 'Will you be at home tonight?' 3. He asked me, 'Where are you going?' 4. She asked me, 'Does he always come so late?' 5. He asked her, 'How did you do that?' 6. He asked me,’ Is it raining?' 7. She asked him, 'Have the children returned from school?' 8. He asked me, 'How old are you?' 8
9. She asked me, 'Why didn't you come here yesterday?' 10. He asked me, 'Do you know how far it is to the station?' 11. She asked me, 'May I open the window?' 12. He asked her, 'Why can't you answer this question at once?' 13. I asked him, 'What will you do if you miss the tram?' 14. He asked the buyer, 'When do you want the goods to be shipped?' 15. I asked him, 'Is it possible to charter a steamer for loading at the end of the month?' 19. Change the direct speech into indirect. 1. I said to him, 'Please, open the door.' 2. I said to her, 'Copy this exercise.' 3. I said to him, 'Please don't be angry.' 4. He said to me, 'Don't wait for me.' 5. She said to me, 'Don't be late.' 6. During the test teacher said to Greg, 'Don't look at your neighbor’s paper.' 7. The teacher said to the student, 'Don't be late for the next lesson'. 8. The officer said to the soldiers, 'Stand still.' 9. Mother said to the children, 'Don't go for a walk today.' 10.'Please, try on these shoes', the shop assistant said to the customer. 11.Mr. Black said to the secretary, 'Please, phone Mr. Mitchell.' 12.My dentist told me, 'Don't eat too much sugar.' 13.My teacher said to me, 'Look through the test and correct your mistakes.' 14.He said to me, 'Don't sell these goods before you receive my telegram.' 15.I said to him, 'Don't forget to state in the letter that the offer is without obligation.' 20. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. 1. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fir-coat. 2. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 3. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 4. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 5. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 6. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 7. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do. 8. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 9. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 10.If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 11.If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) summer in St. Petersburg together. 12.If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 13. If you (not to get) tickets, we'll stay at home. 9
14. If you were not such careless about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 21. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. 1. If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should certainly have told her all about it. 2. If you (to do) your morning exercises every day, your health would be much better. 3. If he is not very busy, he (to agree) to go to the museum with us. 4. If I (not to be) present at the lesson, I should not have understood the difficult rule. 5. If he reads fifty pages every day, his vocabulary (to increase) greatly. 6. If they (to know) it before, they would have taken measures. 7. If I (to get) this book, I shall be happy. 8. If you had not wasted so much time, you (not to miss) the tram. 9. If you (not to miss) the train, you would arrive in time. 10. You (not to miss) the teacher's explanation if you had arrived in time. 22. Make questions. Example Perhaps one day somebody will give you a lot of money. What will you do if somebody give you a lot of money? 1 Perhaps one day a millionaire will ask you to marry him/her. 2. Perhaps one day you will lose your passport in a foreign country. 3. Perhaps one day somebody will throw an egg at you. 4. Perhaps one day your car will be stolen. 5. Perhaps one day somebody will park his car on your foot. 23. Make up sentences with if. 1 We can't have lunch in the garden because it is raining. If ... 2. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If... 3 You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If... 4. People don't understand him because he doesn't speak very clearly. If... 5. They spent a year in tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If... 6. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If ... 7. He is fat because he doesn't take any exercise. If... 8. Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If... 9. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to the chemical plant and the air around is very bad. If... 10. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I'm not acquainted with him. If... 11. He cannot enjoy this merry party because he has a toothache. 12.I'm not going to buy this book because it's too expensive. If ... 13.We'll not go to see them because it is very late. If ... 10
14.1 did not translate the article yesterday because 1 had no dictionary. If ... 15.The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why 1 took a taxi. If
24. Translate the sentences into Russian, 1. You should eat lots of fresh fruit and vegetables. 2. The scientist were sure that their work would contribute to environmental protection. 3. You wouldn't have done it if hadn't been so angry. 4. I shouldn't have said such a terrible thing. 5. If he knew the results of the business talk, he would send them a telegram. 6. We knew that the banks would provide their clients with a wide range of services. 7. You should study the problem thoroughly before signing the document. 8. The traditional view of advertising is that it should inform people of different goods. 9. If I had gone to the university, I would have a better job. 10. The company's experts agreed that this deal would be unprofitable. 11. What would you say if I offered you a job? 12. You shouldn't worry so much. 13. What would you have done if 1 hadn't lent you the money? 14. The engineer said that he would have finished his experiment by next month. 15. I wouldn't have hired a car if I had known how expensive it was. 16. You should sleep for about eight hours a night. 17. He said he would open a deposit account. 18. Do you think we should take it to the garage? 19. I would be a bit more careful if I were you. 20. A new program should be adopted to solve the problem of unemployment. 21. You should have apologized for being late.
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