Guest Editorial Advances in Cognitive Radio Networking ... - IEEE Xplore

IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 29, NO. 4, APRIL 2011

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Guest Editorial Advances in Cognitive Radio Networking and Communications (II)

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ITH THE static and fixed spectrum allocation policy, it has been observed that most of the allocated spectrum is under-utilized. However, a number of new wireless standards and applications are emerging which requires a substantial amount of spectrum to operate on. To address the spectrum scarcity problem, cognitive radio (CR) technology has been introduced. Two major tasks in CR are exploration and exploitation of the spectrum hole or spectrum opportunity. Spectrum exploration is for the CR to identify the available and free spectrum unused by the licensed users. Spectrum exploitation is to access the available spectrum. To achieve the success of CR technology, several research issues arise from the physical to the application layer, i.e., spectrum sensing, cognitive medium access control (MAC), and cognitive networking. In addition, the issues related to the spectrum trading, quality-of-service (QoS) support, and security will need to be addressed. There are currently a number of research activities with different focuses. This Special Issue brings together a set of high quality papers in advanced cognitive radio networking and communications. The previous J-SAC issue is the first part of the Special Issue, and it covers the topics of spectrum sensing, physical layer spectrum sharing optimization, and system design for cognitive radio networks. The current J-SAC issue is the second part of this Special Issue, and it contains 19 papers covering the topics of medium access control (MAC) protocol, routing, Quality-of-Service (QoS) support, spectrum auction and trading and security issues in cognitive radio networks. The first set of eight papers is related to medium access control in CR networks. In “Simple channel sensing order in cognitive radio networks,” Cheng and Zhuang address the channel sensing order optimization problem for multichannel CR networks, and propose a simple sensing order scheme which lets a CR node sense the channels with order of decreasing achievable rates. In “Control channel establishment in cognitive radio networks using channel hopping” by Bian, Park, and Chen, a new method to establish control channel for the communications among distributed CR nodes is introduced. Instead of having a fixed control channel, channel hopping based on quorum systems is used to create rendezvous for the control information exchange. In “Opportunistic multiple access for cognitive radio networks” by El-Sherif, Sadek, and Liu, secondary cognitive nodes utilize primary nodes periods of silence to access the channel and transmit their packets. Cognitive relays also make Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSAC.2011.110401

use of these silence periods to offer spatial diversity without incurring bandwidth efficiency losses. In “Opportunistic spectrum sharing schemes for CDMAbased uplink MAC in cognitive radio networks,” Zhang and Su propose an adaptive spectrum sharing scheme which jointly optimizes channel sensing, data transmission, power and rate allocations. In “Distributed algorithms for learning and cognitive medium access with logarithmic regret” by Anandkumar, Michael, Tang, and Swami, a learning algorithm based on logarithmic regret is applied to obtain the optimal decision of distributed MAC for a CR network. In “Optimal cognitive access of Markovian channels under tight collision constraints” by Li, Zhao, Guan, and Tong, the design objective for cognitive user is to maximize its throughput subject to collision constraints imposed by the primary users. When the collision of transmission from cognitive users to the primary user is tight, the optimal access policy is shown to be periodic channel sensing. In “Load-balancing spectrum decision for cognitive radio networks,” Wang, Wang, and Adachi propose an analytical framework based on queueing analysis to optimize the system parameters for load-balancing spectrum decisions for CR networks. In “Stochastic medium access for cognitive radio Ad Hoc networks,” Wang, Wong, and Ho propose a stochastic medium access scheme to maximize the successful channel access under interference constraints, using a Markov-Chain MonteCarlo method. The second set of the papers is related to routing in CR networks. In “Multicast communications in multi-hop cognitive radio networks,” Gao, Shi, Hou, Sherali, and Zhou study the design problem of minimizing the required network-wide resource to support a set of multicast sessions, with a given bit rate requirement for each multicast session. In “CRP: A routing protocol for cognitive radio Ad Hoc networks,” Chowdhury and Akyildiz propose a distributed CR routing protocol by incorporating route and spectrum selection into the design. In “On the connectivity and multihop delay of Ad Hoc cognitive radio networks,” Ren, Zhao, and Swami analyze the multihop delay of ad hoc cognitive radio networks, and establish the scaling law of the minimum multihop delay with respect to the source destination distance. The third set of papers is related to the QoS support in CR networks. In “QoS provisioning for heterogeneous services in cooperative cognitive radio networks,” Alshamrani, Shen, and

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Xie present a QoS provisioning framework for heterogeneous CR networks which considers the real-time and non-realtime traffic together with spectrum sensing, spectrum access decision, channel allocation, and admission control. In “A hybrid approach for radio resource management in heterogeneous cognitive networks” by Haddad, Elayoubi, Altman, and Altman, a radio resource management framework is presented based on the interaction between the network and users, and the Stackelberg game is formulated to obtain the optimal strategy. The fourth set of papers is related to the spectrum auction/trading and security in CR networks. In “Spectrum trading in cognitive radio networks: A contract-theoretic modeling approach” by Gao, Wang, Xu, and Zhang, the monopoly market model is applied for the licensed user to set the quality and price of spectrum to be sold to unlicensed users, and monopolist-dominated qualityprice contract is developed. In “On a truthful mechanism for expiring spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks,” Sodagari, Attar, and Bilén propose a dynamic, online auction for secondary spectrum access in which the secondary CRs submit not only their valuation of the auctioned spectrum band, but also their arrival and departure time instances. In “Purging the back-room dealing: Secure spectrum auction leveraging Paillier cryptosystem” by Pan, Sun, and Fang, a secure spectrum auction scheme based on the Paillier cryptosystem is proposed which prevents the fraud of the insincere auctioneer (i.e., back-room dealing) and the bidrigging between bidders and auctioneer. In “An anti-jamming stochastic game for cognitive radio networks” by Wang, Wu, Liu, and Clancy, a stochastic game is formulated to obtain the solution of CR users to prevent jamming by the attacker through observing the spectrum availability, channel quality, and strategy of the attacker in each time instance. In “Analysis of coordinated denial-of-service attacks in IEEE 802.22 networks” by Tan, Sengupta, and Subbalakshmi, a cooperative game model is formulated and the optimal decision strategy is derived for the one-stage scenario. In the multi-stage scenario, the Markov chain model is used to analyze the dynamic behavior of the malicious nodes and the 802.22 CR users. In “Spoofing or jamming: Performance analysis of a tactical cognitive radio adversary,” Peng, Cosman, and Milstein investigate the design of spoofing and jamming a cognitive radio network from an intelligent adversary perspective, and a twostep procedure is formulated for the adversary to distribute the energy between spoofing and jamming, such that the average sum throughput of the secondary users is minimized. We would like to thank all of the authors who have submitted their papers to this Special Issue and the reviewers who have helped to evaluate the submissions. We would also like to express our great gratitude to Laurel Greenidge, Pamela Cosman, Martha Steenstrup, Sue Lange, Liying Li, and Yiyang Pei, who have provided significant help and support throughout the whole process. The guest editors are also grateful to Len Cimini for his kind guidance and advice during the paper review and decision process. Finally, we

hope the contents of this Special Issue will inspire the readers to investigate many of the challenging and open problems in this field. Ying-Chang Liang, Guest Editor Institute for Infocomm Research & Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Kwang-Cheng Chen, Guest Editor National Taiwan University, Taiwan Ye (Geoffrey) Li, Guest Editor Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Petri Mähönen, Guest Editor RWTH Aachen University, Germany Dusit Niyato, Guest Editor Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Len Cimini, J-SAC Board Representative

Ying-Chang Liang is now a Senior Scientist with the Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), and holds an Associate Professorship position with Nanyang Technological University, both in Singapore. He was a visiting scholar with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, from Dec 2002 to Dec 2003. His research interest includes cognitive radio, dynamic spectrum access, reconfigurable signal processing for broadband communications, space-time wireless communications, wireless networking, information theory and statistical signal processing. Dr. Liang is now an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. He served as an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications from 2002 to 2005, Lead Guest-Editor of IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Cognitive Radio: Theory and Applications, and Special Issue on Advances in Cognitive Radio Networking and Communications, Lead Guest-Editor of EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing Special Issue on Advanced Signal Processing for Cognitive Radio, and Guest-Editor of COMPUTER NETWORKS Journal (Elsevier) Special Issue on Cognitive Wireless Networks. He received the Best Paper Awards from IEEE VTC-Fall in 1999, IEEE PIMRC in 2005, and EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking in 2010. He also received the Institute of Engineers Singapore (IES) Prestigious Engineering Achievement Award in 2007. Dr Liang has served in the Public Sector Funding Review Panel of A*STAR’s Science and Engineering Research Council since 2005, and was the TPC Co-Chair of 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CrownCom ’08), TPC Co-Chair of 2010 IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN ’10), and Co-Chair, Thematic Program on Random matrix theory and its applications in statistics and wireless communications, Institute for Mathematical Sciences, National University of Singapore, 2006. Dr. Liang is a Fellow of IEEE.


Kwang-Cheng Chen received B.S. from the National Taiwan University in 1983, M.S. and Ph.D from the University of Maryland, College Park, United States, in 1987 and 1989, all in electrical engineering. From 1987 to 1998, Dr. Chen worked with SSE, COMSAT, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, and National Tsing Hua University, in mobile communications and networks. Since 1998, Dr. Chen has been with National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC, and is the Distinguished Professor and Director for the Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, and Director for the Communication Research Center, National Taiwan University. Dr. Chen actively involves the technical organization of numerous leading IEEE conferences, including as the Technical Program Committee Chair of 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor Mobile Radio Communications, TPC cochair for IEEE Globecom 2002, General Co-Chair for 2007 IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium in Orlando, 2009 IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium in Napa Valley, IEEE 2010 Spring Vehicular Technology Conference, and IEEE Workshop on Social Networks 2010 and 2011. He has served editorship with many IEEE and international journals and served various positions in IEEE. Dr. Chen also actively participate various wireless international standards. He has authored and co-authored over 200 technical papers and 18 granted US patents. He co-edits (with R. DeMarca) the book Mobile WiMAX published by Wiley 2008, and authors a book Principles of Communications published by River 2009, and co-author (with R. Prasad) another book Cognitive Radio Networks published by Wiley 2009. Dr. Chen is an IEEE Fellow and receive a lot of awards including two paper awards for his IEEE publication. Dr. Chen’s research interests include wireless communications and network science.

Geoffrey Ye Li received his B.S.E. and M.S.E. degrees in 1983 and 1986, respectively, from the Department of Wireless Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China, and his Ph.D. degree in 1994 from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Auburn University, Alabama. He was a Teaching Assistant and then a Lecturer with Southeast University, Nanjing, China, from 1986 to 1991, a Research and Teaching Assistant with Auburn University, Alabama, from 1991 to 1994, and a PostDoctoral Research Associate with the University of Maryland at College Park, Maryland, from 1994 to 1996. He was with AT&T Labs - Research at Red Bank, New Jersey, as a Senior and then a Principal Technical Staff Member from 1996 to 2000. Since 2000, he has been with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology as an Associate and then a Full Professor. He is also holding the Cheung Kong Scholar title at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China since March 2006. His general research interests include statistical signal processing and telecommunications, with emphasis on OFDM and MIMO techniques, cross-layer optimization, and signal processing issues in cognitive radios. In these areas, he has published about 200 papers in refereed journals or conferences and filed about 20 patents. He also has two books. He once served or is currently serving as an editor, a member of editorial board, and a guest editor for about 10 technical journals. He organized and chaired many international conferences, including technical program vice-chair of the IEEE 2003 International Conference on Communications. He has been awarded an IEEE Fellow for his contributions to signal processing for wireless communications in 2005, selected as a Distinguished Lecturer from 2009 - 2010 by IEEE Communications Society, and won 2010 IEEE Communications Society Stephen O. Rice Prize Paper Award in the field of communications theory.

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Petri Mähönen is a full professor and head of Institute for Networked Systems at the RWTH Aachen University. He joined the faculty in 2002 as Ericsson Chair of Wireless Networks. He has worked and studied at the United Kingdom, the USA and Finland. His scientific interests include cognitive radio systems, networking and wireless communications, spatial statistic, and analysis of complex networks. He is with his group active both in theoretical and experimental research topics. He is a senior member of IEEE and ACM, and a fellow of RAS. He has received a number of personal grants and was awarded in 2006 Telenor Research Prize. He is serving in the editorial board of IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing and is an area editor for Elsevier Journal of Computer Communications. He has been also a guest editor for a number of IEEE journals. He is also serving as scientific advisor or consultant for different international companies and research centers. He has also served as the chair or program committee member for numerous conferences and workshops. He was a TPC chair for IEEE DySPAN 2010, and servers as a co-general chair for IEEE DySPAN 2011.

Dusit Niyato (M’09) is currently an Assistant Professor in the School of Computer Engineering, at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He received B.Eng. from King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) in 1999. He obtained his Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Manitoba, Canada in 2008. His research interests are in the area of radio resource management in cognitive radio networks and broadband wireless access networks.