Guided Reading: AMSCO Chapter 1

Guided Reading: AMSCO Chapter 1 United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination By John J. Newman and John M. Schmalback, 2010 Revised edition

Directions: Read chapter 1 in your AMSCO book, and complete this guide along the way. 1. Pre-Read: 2. Skim: 3. Read & Analyze:

4. Write

Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read a chapter. Flip through the chapter and note titles and subtitles. Look at images and read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read. Read the chapter. Highlight key events and people as you read. Highlight main ideas. Remember, the goal is not to “fish” for a specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to consider questions in order to critically understand what you read. Write notes and analysis. (print guide, complete it in INK if you wish to use it on the quiz. If you do not wish to use it on the quiz you may create an electronic file to be added to your notebook.) Answers do not have to be in complete sentences. Simple lists, bulleted points, or phrases are adequate for most questions.

1. Begin reading on page 1. Describe North America before 1492. The peoples:

The cultures:

2. List the five technological advancements mentioned on page 3, and explain the role of such technology in enabling Christopher Columbus’ voyage and subsequent European domination of the continent.

Technological Advancements

How They Enabled Columbus

3. Analyze the role of the Renaissance and Reformation in European exploration.

4. Create a chart comparing exploratory accomplishments of the key players listed below. Key Players in Exploration Prince Henry the Navigator

Vasco da Gama

Christopher Columbus

Isabella and Ferdinand

Amerigo Vespucci

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Ferdinand Magellan

Hernan Cortes

Francisco Pizzaro

John Cabot

Elizabeth I

Sir Francis Drake

Sir Walter Raleigh

Accomplishments/Significance

Key Players in Exploration

Accomplishments/Significance

Giovanni da Verrazano

Jasques Cartier

Samuel de Champlain

Louis Jolliet

Jacques Marqueete

Robert de La Salle

Henry Hudson

5. Compare the economic, political, and social/religious motivations for European exploration. Economic:

Political:

Social/Religious:

Of these three motivations, which one had the biggest impact on the New World? Defend your answer. The most impactful motivation was ____________________________. Evidence to support my assessment: (1)

(2)

(3)

6. Assess the legacy of Christopher Columbus. Is it positive or negative? Defend your answer with specific facts.

Positive or Negative Legacy? ______________________ Evidence to support assessment:

Evidence to support the opposite assessment:

(4)

(1)

(5)

(2)

(6)

(3)

7. What is the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

8. How did the Spanish encomienda and asiento systems contribute to the development of New World slavery?

9. Why did Spain and Portugal dominate early colonization while Britain and France lagged far behind?

10. Explain how the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 marked a turning point in British exploration and colonization.

11. Identify two reasons British were motivated to go to the New World. (1)

(2)

12. Define and explain the significance of British joint-stock companies.

Definition of joint-stock company:

Significance to American history:

13. Create a web review of Jamestown.

14. Explain the difference between a “Non-Separatist” Puritan and a “Separatist” Puritan. Non-Separatists…

Separatists…

15. Explain the difference between “Puritan” and “Pilgrim.” Puritan…

Pilgrim…

16. Complete the sequence of events: King James I persecutes Puritans

Establishment of Plymouth Colony

Pilgrims move to Holland

17. Compare Plymouth Colony to Massachusetts Bay Colony within the chart below. Facts Year Founded

Who made the voyage

Motivations for Moving to New World

Leaders

18. Define Great Migration.

The Great Migration was…

Plymouth Colony

Massachusetts Bay Colony

There are other “Great Migrations” in American history. The most noteworthy is perhaps the migration of African Americans from South to North following WWI. The racial composition of the nation's cities underwent a decisive change during and after World War I. In 1910, three out of every four black Americans lived on farms, and nine out of ten lived in the South. World War I changed that profile. Hoping to escape tenant farming, sharecropping, and peonage, 1.5 million Southern blacks moved to cities. During the 1910s and 1920s, Chicago's black population grew by 148 percent; Cleveland's by 307 percent; Detroit's by 611 percent. Excerpt from: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=443

This migration slowed during the Great Depression and then began again during WWII. To what extent were these two “Great Migrations” similar? Defend your answer.

These migrations were similar to a _________________ extent. Evidence to support my analysis: (1)

(2)

(3)

19. Compare the early political institutions in the English colonies in the chart below. Facts

Jamestown

Plymouth

Massachusetts Bay

Type of self-rule

Who could vote

20. The House of Burgesses (created in 1619, Jamestown) and the Mayflower Compact (signed in 1820 onboard the Mayflower, Plymouth) are two significant events in the development of American democracy. Explain why.

21. Identify Spanish settlements and colonies in North America. Add additional settlements on the map below as well as your own notes summarizing the Spanish colonies in what is today the United States. Notes:

Image Source: Wiki Commons, Public Domain

22. What happened during the Pueblo Revolt and what does it illustrate about Spanish colonization?

23. What were the two long term effects of European colonization on the Native American population?

(1)

(2)

24. Compare Spanish, French, and English treatment of Native Americans within the chart below. Facts

Spanish

French

English

Attitude toward Natives

Relationships with Natives

Impact on Native populations If you were a Native American in the 17th century, which European colony would you want to live in/near? Defend your answer with one specific fact.

I would live near the ___________________, because

25. Compare traditional historical view of Christopher Columbus to the revisionist view. Use the Venn below to organize your notes.

Conclusion:

26. Using your knowledge of history along with the painting below, explain the significance of Christopher Columbus’s journey and discovery.

Image Source: Public Domain, Library of Congress,

First landing of Columbus on the shores of the New World, at San Salvador, W.I., Oct. 12th 1492,

Dióscoro Teófilo Puebla Tolín

Political Significance

Economic Significance

Social Significance

(1)

(1)

(1)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(3)

(3)

(3)

27. Do you think having a national holiday celebrating Columbus is a good thing? Why or why not?

28. Look at the list of terms on page 13. List and define any that you do not yet know.

AMSCO Chapter 1 Terms to Know

Definitions and Historical Significance

29. After you finish reading pages 1-13, flip back to page xxxi of the Introduction and read the section titled “Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions.” DISREGARD #2 in the list of suggestions. YOU CAN GUESS ON MULTIPLE CHOICE. THERE IS NO GUESSING PENALTY. Mark this out in your book. Now, turn to page 14 and answer the 10 practice questions. Record your answers in corresponding boxes below.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

30. Read pages 16-17 on thesis writing. Then, in the chart below, write a thesis and introductory paragraph for questions 2-5 on page 18. You are only writing a thesis and introduction for each question… not an entire essay. This portion of the reading guide must be written in complete sentences. Question

Thesis

In what ways did the English colonies develop differently from the Spanish and the French colonies? Assess the democratic characteristics in the English colonies in the context of TWO of the following: Massachusetts Plymouth Virginia Analyze the extent to which early European colonists viewed the Native Americans as inferior people who could be exploited for the colonists’ benefit. Compare and contrast the English relationship and the French relationship with the Native Americans. 31. Now read the last section of the chapter titled “Documents and Readings” beginning on page 18. What is the difference between a primary source and a secondary source?

Primary Sources are:

Secondary Sources are:

32. Using the A.P.P.A.R.T.S. strategy of document analysis, analyze documents A, B, C, and D on pages 19-22.

Document A: Columbus’ Log

Author – Who is the speaker? Place and Time-When was this written/said? What else was going on?

Prior Knowledge - What else was going on? What other historical events are connected to this?

Audience – Who is the intended audience? Who is being spoken to?

Reason – What is the purpose? Why was this said/written?

The Main Idea- Summarize the author’s point. What is this about?

Significance-Why is this important? What impact did it have?

Document B: A Spanish Missionary in Hispaniola







Document C: Coronado’s Report







Document D: One Historian’s View of Columbus







33) David E. Stannard called Columbus “a religious fanatic obsessed with the conversion, conquest, or liquidation of all non-Christians.” To what extent is Stannards’ view either supported or contradicted by Columbus’ own words in Document A?

Stannards’ view is ____________________ by Columbus’ own words to a ____________ extent. Evidence for this analysis: (1)

(2)

34. Create a map of the world which highlights Christopher Columbus’ first voyage along with other relevant items. You may use the map on page 8 along with other resources such as an atlas or the Internet. Recommended items for your map: Atlantic Ocean North America Europe South America Portugal Spain Britain France Caribbean Sea Canary Islands Africa Jamestown Plymouth Massachusetts Bay St. Augustine Montreal Roanoke Island Gulf of Mexico Pacific Ocean San Diego New Spain New France British Colonies New Amsterdam (Dutch colony) AND… Trace/Draw/Label the path of Christopher Columbus’ first voyage.

Cape Verde Islands Sante Fe Quebec San Francisco Netherlands