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Journal of Mammalian Evolution DOI 10.1007/s10914-008-9078-6 The Fringes of Mammalness, the Platypus and Monotreme Biology Rougier · Corbitt
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AUTHOR'S PROOF Metadata of the article that will be visualized in OnlineFirst 1
Article Title
The Fringes of Mammalness, the Platypus and Monotreme Biology
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Journal of Mammalian Evolution
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Corresponding Author
Rougier
Guillermo W.
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University of Louisville
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Department of Anatomical Science and Neurobiology
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Louisville 40202, KY, USA
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e-mail
[email protected]
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Corbitt
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Author
Cynthia
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University of Louisville
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Department of Biology
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Louisville 40202, KY, USA
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file://C:\DDrive\Programs\Metadata\temp\jme89078.htm
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BOOK REVIEW
The Fringes of Mammalness, the Platypus and Monotreme Biology
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Guillermo W. Rougier & Cynthia Corbitt
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# Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2008
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The platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, is one of the best examples of confounding paradoxes in the natural sciences; early anatomists and scientists relegated the first specimens to the company of the unholy marriages of fish and monkey bodies that made mermaids and the vast plethora of chimeras produced by the early entrepreneurial manufacturers of scientific souvenirs in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Disbelief and acrimony have become, over the centuries, gratitude and celebration for the existence and survival of the platypus and its close relatives, the short and long-beaked echidnas, the sole living representatives of monotremes, one of the three main branches of the crown-group Mammalia. The extraordinary morphology of monotremes is reflected by their mythical names (echidna was the mother of Chimera in Greek mythology); yet these very real, and rare, animals are not well known to
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Platypus, fourth edition. By Tom Grant. Illustrated by Dominic Fanning. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. 2007. 168 pp., $39.95 (paper). ISBN 9780643093706
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most non-Australians. The present book by Tom Grant is “aimed predominantly at the lay person” and the book is streamlined along that concept; references are omitted from the text and a section on Questions and Answers reflects what might be asked by the general public. This much revised fourth edition is indeed a different book from the preceding versions, The Platypus: A Unique Mammal, published by UNSW Press between 1984 and 1995 (Grant 1995). Previous editions organized the chapters into seasons (winter through autumn) and covered various physiological, life history, and environmental topics relevant to each time of year. This seasonal arrangement has been replaced with a more traditional one and several topics have been added. The introductory chapter covers the general anatomy and distribution of the platypus and in part that of the echidnas. This opening chapter is followed by seven chapters dealing with breeding biology, the venomous system, sensory physiology, energetics and foraging, general ecology, conservation of the living platypus, and phylogeny and evolution of the platypus and allied monotremes. A perusal at the back of the book of the “Selected References,” which are organized by chapter, indicates that a fair percentage of the citations across all of the chapters have been published in the last decade. For example, one of the more important basic scientific findings since the last edition, the presence
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J Mammal Evol DOI 10.1007/s10914-008-9078-6
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JrnlID 10914_ArtID 9078_Proof# 1 - 10/03/2008
G. W. Rougier (*) Department of Anatomical Science and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA e-mail:
[email protected] C. Corbitt Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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J Mammal Evol
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not a complement to the book but a quick way to address a particular issue. We see this section as the favorite portion of the book for a high school student working on a project. In Kant and the Platypus: Essays on Language and Cognition, Umberto Eco (2000) uses the platypus as an example of something that challenges the categories established at the time of discovery and how “new” knowledge forces a revision and adaptation of the meaning of conventional terms to once again describe reality as we understand it. Grant’s book provides a solid base to anyone interested in the platypus, or monotremes in general, but it probably will not change the way we understand the platypus or monotremes. The book is a good compilation of the recent advances in genetics, ecology, and behavior, and has a recent bibliography. However, the now out of print classic from 1978, The Biology of the Monotremes by Mervyn Griffiths, is still a commanding reference for anyone interested in monotreme morphology (Griffiths 1978).
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Eco U (2000) Kant and the platypus: essays on language and cognition. Harcourt Brace, New York, (translated from the Italian by Alastair McEwen) Grant T (1995) The platypus: a unique mammal. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney Griffiths M (1978) The biology of the monotremes. Academic, New York Grutzner F, Rens W, Tsend-Ayush E, El-Mogharbel N, O’Brien PC, Jones RC, Ferguson-Smith MA, Marshall Graves JA (2004) In the platypus a meiotic chain of ten sex chromosomes shares genes with the bird Z and mammal X chromosomes. Nature 432:913–917
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of five pairs of sex chromosomes first reported in 2004 (Grutzner et al. 2004), is mentioned in the chapter on breeding biology. The lack of references following statements of fact makes it difficult to assess how current and pertinent the sources are, but most recent publications on the topics that overlap with our direct expertise are in general mentioned or alluded to in the text. There is, however, a bit of an Australian bias with regard to the sources, and the small progress in our knowledge of fossil South American monotremes is not included. Perhaps the most surprising omission is the lack of reference to the possibility that monotremes are the sole survivors of a radiation of Jurassic mammals (Australosphenida) with widespread distribution in the southern continents. The book focuses on the breeding biology, physiology, ecology, and conservation of the platypus. The text is easily readable and most people with a foundation in biology, anatomy, and systematics should find the book an easy read; the more general public, however, will have a much harder time with the biological lingo, which is not explained elsewhere in the book. We do not expect this to be a major drawback because, despite our sympathies for the platypus, we find it unlikely that a reader of this book will arrive at it with less than at least a rudimentary biological education. The illustrations are all well done and useful. The photos in black and white and color are also of good quality, sensibly chosen, and well labeled. The closing chapter is a collection of questions and answers divided according to the chapters in the book. Although it may be interesting, it is by and large a repetition of material covered in the text, so it is really
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Please check if the title and subtitle were correctly presented. Please check if affiliations 1 and 2 were correctly presented. Missing reference citation for Grant 1995 was inserted here. Please check if appropriate. Missing reference citation for Griffiths 1978 was inserted here. Please check if appropriate.
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