Gypsophila munzurensis (Caryophyllaceae)

Download PDF
0 downloads 0 Views 1MB Size Report
Comment
Sep 19, 2016 - Stem. Usually glabrous at the base and inflorescence, glandular villous or hispid in the middle. Glabrous at the base, branches of inflorescence.
Phytotaxa 275 (2): 175–180 http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press

Article

ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)

PHYTOTAXA

ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)

http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.275.2.9

Gypsophila munzurensis (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Tunceli (Turkey) METİN ARMAĞAN

Yüzüncü Yıl University, Education Faculty, Department of Science Education, Van, Turkey; e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract A new annual species belonging to the genus Gypsophila sect. Hagenia—G. munzurensis—is here described and compared with the similar G. pilosa as part of the study of the flora of Tunceli (Turkey). G. munzurensis differs from G. pilosa by its shape of the leaves and petals, indumentum of stem, pedicel and calyx. A detailed description, and original photographs are provided as well as the current distribution area and the conservation status are also discussed. Keywords: Gypsophila, Munzur’un Nefesi, Turkey

Introduction Gypsophila was originally described by Linnaeus (1753: 406) and currently includes about 150 taxa (Mabberley 2008, Bittrich 1993). About the half of these taxa occur in Turkey, Iran and Caucasia so the center of diversity for Gypsophila can be considered the Irano-Turanian region. 62 taxa, belonging to 10 sections, occur in Turkey (Huber-Morath 1967, Davis et al. 1988, Ataşlar 2000, Budak 2012, Koç 2013). 13 out of these 62 taxa are annual and 4 of them are endemic for Turkey [G. bitlisensis Barkoudah (1962: 136), G. confertifolia Huber-Morath (1943: 42), G. tubulosa (Jaubert & Spach 1842: 14) Boissier (1843: 11), G. torulensis Koç (2013)]. The Sect. Hagenia Moench (1794: 61) [sometimes treated at subgenus level (e.g., by Rechinger 1988), or synonymized with subgenus Pseudosaponaria (Moench 1794: 61) F.N.Williams (1889: 322) (e.g., by Barkoudah 1962)] includes annual and perennial species with paniculate or dichasial inflorescences, calyx more or less tubular, and capsule long-ovoid each contining 4–20 ovules. 4 species of this sections occur in Turkey (Huber-Morath 1967): G. pilosa Hudson (1767: 252), G. nodiflora (Boissier 1843: 15) Barkoudah (1962: 153), G. venusta Fenzl (1842: 9) and G. hispida Boissier (1843: 11). According to Barkoudah (1962), Gypsophila is classified in three subgenera using the calyx characteristics and the plant size. G. pilosa belongs to the subgen. Pseudosaponaria which is distributed in a wide region extending from the western lines of Turkey to the Arabian Gulf and Kyrgyzstan. The Tunceli Province mostly comprises mountains and deep valleys and, due to these characteristics, this area has and high richness in plant species. Munzur mountains include the 18% of Turkish endemism (see e.g., Yıldırımlı 1995, Armağan 2015). Recent studies shows many new species (Armağan 2016, Vitek et al. 2014, Karavelioğulları et al. 2014). As part of the ongoing investigation on the flora of Tunceli (Turkey), an interesting Gypsophila population was found but it cannot be identify with none of the known taxa. As a conseguence I here proposed to describe a new species for Science.

Material and Methods The work is based on floristic surveys in Tunceli region during the years 2014 and 2015. A total of 2900 samples from 616 different natural localities were collected. Some of these samples are kept at VANF. Gypsophila specimens preserved at the herbaria B, K, E, W, HUB, GAZI, and KNYA were also examined (acronyms according to Thiers 2016+). Extensive literature is also considered (Barkoudah 1962, Barkoudah et al. 1964, Zohary 1966, Huber-Morath 1967, Schischkin 1970, Davis et al. 1988, Rechinger 1988, Ataşlar 2000, Koç 2013). Accepted by Duilio Iamonico: 13 Sept. 2016; published: 19 Sept. 2016

175

Taxonomic Treatment Gypsophila munzurensis Armağan sp. nov. (Figure 1–2) Type:—TURKEY. Tunceli: Ovacık, Munzur Valley, 30. km from Tunceli to Ovacık, oak forest openings and eroded slopes, 39°17’01.1”N, 39°26’10.2”E, 1080 m, 24 July 2014, Armağan & Özel 5645 (holotype VANF-165058!, isotype W!).

Diagnosis:—Gypsophila munzurensis is morphologically similar to G. pilosa from which differs in having semiamplexicaule and glabrous leaves (not cuneate, not hairy as in G. pilosa), glandular hairy, always erect pedicels (not glabrous, not pendulous in fruit), glabrous bracts (not hairy), linear-oblong, truncate-retuse petals (not contracted between the limb and the claw, not emarginate–bilobed) (Table 1, Fig. 1). TABLE 1. The morphological comparison of Gypsophila munzurensis and closely related G. pilosa. G. pilosa G. munzurensis Stem Usually glabrous at the base and inflorescence, Glabrous at the base, branches of inflorescence glandular villous or hispid in the middle glandular hairy above the nodes Pedicels Glabrous, pendulous in fruit Glandular hairy at the base, erect always Leaves Cuneate at the base, long glandular hairy sometimes Semiamplexicaul at the base, glabrous glabrous Bracts Hairy Glabrous Petals With a contraction between the limb and the claw, Not contraction, truncate–retuse. emarginate–bilobed Calyx Tubular in flower, campanulate in fruit, glandular Campanulate-turbinate, glabrous hispid Capsules Broadly ovoid, as long as the calyx, nodding at the Ovoid, exceeding the calyx, 4–6 mm long, erect at the fruit fruit

Description:—Annual. Stems 60–100 cm high, erect, glabrous at the base, dichotomously branched from 1/3 stem, branches of inflorescence glandular hairy above the nodes. Leaves decussate, lanceolate, acute, semiamplexicaule, 2.5–10.0 × 0.6–2.6 cm, glabrous. Inflorescence large, many flowered, dichasial. Pedicel capillary, up to 5 cm long, glandular hairy at the base. Bracts 1–2 mm long, leafy, linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Calyx 3.0–4.8 mm campanulate-turbinate, glabrous, incised nearly to 1/3; teeth ovate, acute to apiculate, with crowded crystals. Petal 8–10 × 1.5–2.0 mm, linear-oblong, truncate-retuse, white with purple veins on the lower half. Stamens 10, shorter than petals. Ovary globose, with two divergent styles. Capsules exceeding the calyx, 4–6 mm long, ovoid. Ovules 14–16. Seeds orbicular-reniform, acute tuberculate, dark brown to black, 1.4–1.5 × 1.5–1.6 mm. Phenology:—Flowering and fruiting times June‒July. Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to the Munzur valley, the type locality. “Munzur” is a mountain range between Erzincan and Tunceli and also name of the river in Tunceli. Verbacular name:—Munzur’un nefesi, Munzur’s-breath (Turkey). Distribution and habitats:—The new species can be considered endemic to Tunceli (Turkey) at the being time. It grows in the open fields of oak forest and slopes, at 1060−1080 m a.s.l. Conservation status:—The habitat of Gypsophila munzurensis is represented by a corridor of about 4 km in the Munzur valley. This valley has protected as a National Park since 1971. However, some dams are planned to build on the Munzur valley in the near future. These dams will establish serious threats for not only these new species but also the whole biodiversity. Therefore, I propose that the threat category of G. munzurensis should be critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria (IUCN 2014). Other specimens examined (G. pilosa):—TURKEY. Konya, Karapınar, Andıklık hill, 1024 m, steppe, 12 May 2010, Armağan 3582 (VANF!); Konya, Akyokuş, side of Keçilidere, 1050 m, 14 June 1980, Dural 581 (KNYA!); Van, Gürpınar, between Hamurkesen and Işıkpınar villages, 2000 m, step, 03 July 2003, Ünal 8425 (VANF!); Van, Gürpınar, between Hamurkesen and Işıkpınar villages, 2113 m, side of the fields, 11 July 2009, Fidan 2 (VANF!); Malatya, between Malatya and Elazığ, 18. km from Malatya, 815 m, side of the vineyards, 19 August 2009, Fidan 4 (VANF!); Tunceli, 8 km from Çemişgezek to Pertek, 1175 m, roadside, 28 June 2015, Armağan 6703 (VANF!); Kahramanmaraş, around of Elbistan sugar refinery, 1100 m, 28 May 1988, Duman 3894 (GAZI!); Mersin, ErmenekTekeçatı, Yumru Tepe, 1400 m, steppe on the roadside, 26 August 1992, Vural 6145 (GAZI!); Kırıkkale, Delice, around of Gözükızıllı village, 710 m, calcareous soils, 03 June 1990, Dönmez 2367 (HUB!); Isparta, Eğirdir, Aksu, Yaka 176 • Phytotaxa 275 (2) © 2016 Magnolia Press

ARMAĞAN

FIGURE 1. A. Holotype of Gypsophila munzurensis (VANF 165058!) B. Calyx. C. Ovary D. Petal and stamens E. Capsule F. Seeds.

Gypsophila munzurensis (Caryophyllaceae)

Phytotaxa 275 (2) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 177

FIGURE 2. Gypsophila munzurensis A. Leaves in habits B. Glandular hairs on the inflorescence and bracts C. Flowers in habits.

village, above Yukarı Sayacak, 1700 m, steppe, 10 July 1974, Peşmen & Güner 1774 (HUB!). CYPRUS. Letymvou, defile on mountain ridge N of village, 400 m, margin of a vineyard, 11 May 1999, Hand 3197 (B!). SYRIAN ARAB 178 • Phytotaxa 275 (2) © 2016 Magnolia Press

ARMAĞAN

REPUBLIC. 8 km of Damask towards the west, 25 May 1957, Rechinger 13155 (W!). IRAN. Kowleh 65 km Sanandaj versus Divandarreh, 1950 m, 29 June 1974, Rechinger 48555 (B!). IRAQ. Mosul, Loam of rolling hills 19 km north of Qayyarah, 06 May 1963, Barkley & Haddad 5488 (K!). AZERBAIJAN. 6 km NW of Shahindez, soil slopes, 1380 m, margin of field, 04 June 1974, Wendelbo et al. 12125 (W!). TURKMENISTAN. Kopet dagh, in the valley of the Firiuzinka River, 500−600 m, 21 September 1976, Vašak (B!). AFGHANISTAN. 30 km E of Herat on road to Obeh, 1050 m, fielside, 13 May 1969, Wendelbo et al. 7951 (E!).

Acknowledgements I would like to thank to staffs of the herbarium Natural History Museum Vienna (W) and especially E. Vitek. I also thank to A. Doğru-Koca for comments, and E. Keleş for linguistic improvements. I am really grateful to Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, especially, A.H. Gürsönmez and M. Özel at the same institution in Tunceli.

References Armağan, M. (2015) Tunceli Florası. Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Sempozyumu, Gaptem, Şanlıurfa, 69 pp. Armağan, M. (2016) Gundelia vitekii (Compositae), a new species from Turkey. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, series B 118: 129–134. Ataşlar, E. (2000) Gypsophila L. In: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Başer, K.H.C. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), vol. 11. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 49–50. Barkoudah, Y.I. (1962) A revision of Gypsophila, Bolanthus, Ankyropetalum and Phryna. Wentia 9: 1–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1962.tb00012.x Barkoudah, Y.I., Chater, A.O. & Akeroyd, J.R. (1964) Gypsophila L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (Eds.) Flora Europaea, Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 219–222. Bieberstein, M. (1808) Flora Taurico-Caucasica exhibens stirpes phaenogamas, in Chersoneso Taurica et regionibus caucasicis sponte crescentes, Vol. 1. Typis Academicis, Charkouiae (Kharkiv), 655 pp. Bittrich, V. (1993) Caryophyllaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J. & Bittrich, V. (Eds.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 2 ed., Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 230–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5_21 Boissier, E. (1843) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum. Vol. 1(1). Apud B. Herrmann, Leipzig, 114 pp. Boissier, E. (1867) Flora orientalis, vol. 1. H. Georg, Genevae, 1017 pp. Budak, Ü. (2012) Gypsophila yusufeliensis (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici 49: 425–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/085.049.0620 Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (1988) Gypsophila L. & Silene L. In: Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 1), vol. 10. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, pp. 73–81. Fenzl, E. (1842) Pugillus Plantarum Novarum Syriae et Tauri Occidentalis Primus. Apud Fridericum Beck, Universitatis Bibliopolam, Vindobonae, Vienna, 18 pp. Huber-Morath, A. (1943) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der anatolischen Flora I. Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis 52 (3): 179–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19430520303 Huber-Morath, A. (1967) Gypsophila L. In: Davis, P.H., Cullen, J. & Coode, M.J.E. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 149–171. Hudson, W. (1767) Philosophical Transactions: Giving Some Account of the Present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Ingenious in Many Parts of the World. Vol. 56, London, 329 pp. IUCN (2014) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 11. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available at http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. (accessed 14 March 2016) Jaubert, H.F. & Spach, E. (1842) Illustrationes Plantarum Orientalium 1, Roret Bibliopolam, Paris, 385 pp. Karavelioğulları, F.A., Yüce, E. & Başer, B. (2014) Verbascum duzgunbabadagensis (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 181 (1): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.1

Gypsophila munzurensis (Caryophyllaceae)

Phytotaxa 275 (2) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 179

Koç, M. (2013) Gypsophila torulensis (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici 50: 149–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/085.050.0304 Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp. Mabberley, D.J. (2008) Mabberley’s Plant-Book, 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1040 pp. Moench, C. (1794) Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis a staminum situ describendi. Marburgi Cattorum: in Officina Nova Libraria Academiae, Marburg, 780 pp. Rechinger, K.H. (1988) Gypsophila L. In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 163. Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 206–246. Schischkin, B.K. (1970) Gypsophila L. In: Komarov, V.L. (Ed.) Flora of the USSR, vol. 6. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, pp. 556–591. Thiers, B. (2016) Index herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 19 January 2016) Vitek, E., Yüce, E. & Ergin, C. (2014) Gundelia dersim and Gundelia munzuriensis (Compositae), two new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 161 (2): 130–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.2.4 Williams, F.N. (1889) Revision of the Specific Forms of the Genus Gypsophila L.. The Journal of Botany British and Foreign 27: 321–329. Yıldırımlı, Ş. (1995) Flora of Munzur Dağları (Erzincan-Tunceli). Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 2 (1): 1–78. Zohary, M. (1966) Gypsophila L. In: Zohary, M. (Ed.) Flora Palaestina, vol. 1. Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, pp. 100–102.

180 • Phytotaxa 275 (2) © 2016 Magnolia Press

ARMAĞAN