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National Immunisation Program

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PREFACI The 6th Edition prepared by th, Commun icable @ Commonwealth of Australia

M embers of th,

1997

ISB N 064447578 1 This work is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or trainin g purposes subject to t he inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source and no commercial usage or sale. Reproduction for purposes other than those indicated above requires the written permission of the Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84 , Canberra ACT 2601. While every effort has been made to check drug dosages in this book, it is still possible that errors have been missed . Furthermore, dosage sched ules are being conti nually revised and new side-effects recogn ised . For these reasons, the reader is st rongly urged to consult the manufacturers' printed instructions before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book . Trade names used in this publication are for identification purposes on ly. Their use does not imply endorsement of any particular brand of drug or vaccine. The objective of the National Health and Medical Research Council is to advise the Australian community on the achievement and maintenance of the highest practicable standards of individual and public health and to foster research in the interests of improving those standards. National Health and Medical Research Council documents are prepared by panels of experts drawn from appropriate Australian academic, professional, community and government organisations. NHMRC is grateful to these people for the excellent work they do on its behalf. Often, such work is performed in addition to other substantial work commitments.

Associate Profe Associate Profe Associate Profe Dr Gavin Frost, Dr Jeffrey Hanr Associate Profe M s Ann Kempe Dr John McEwE Ms Merinda Nc Dr John Sheridc Dr Michael Ted, Professor Charll

NHMRC SI Ms Monica Johl Ms Anne-Marie

Editor Professo r Chari,

Copyediti Dr Mark Ragg, .

This handbook was published in conjunction with the National Childhood Immunisation Program, an initiative of the Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services. Designed by design ONE SOLUTIONS, Canberra Front cover photography by A & K Tatnell Produced by th e Australian Governmnet Publishing Service Sixth edition Febru ary ,1997

The Australian Immuni sation Handbook

6th Edition

tbook

Part 2 of the Handbook deals with the Standard Vaccination Schedule.

tioners in providing ~r, the most important 1 procedures (Part 1) ledule (Part 2).

.:. The new NHMRC Standard Vaccination Schedule is presented . It now includes the recommended vaccinations for infants, chi ld ren, adolescents, and adu lts. The concept of childhood immunisation milestones at 6,12, and 18 months is introduced .

lear understanding of have mastered the of the Handbook s. The material is

.:. Recent changes to the schedu le are identified for the benefit of those who are familiar with the previous standard schedule.

experienced to make sure that IS regarding issues . and routine

in

ninistering any l re liable and helpful lformation on the very familiar with le risks of diseases , so that you can ice to photocopy 'ou must record this :>ractice. ; to some vaccines gement of these anaphylaxis, are >n unless you know ) vaccination must scheme can detect lsure the ions. .bout the particular with HIV infection, ion is a detailed langes in

l1unisation Handbook

.:. For cases in which one or more doses of chi ldhood vaccine have been missed, a catch-up schedule is described . •:. Guidelines for administering schedule vaccines provide practitioners with a comprehensive account of protocols and practices for effective and safe administration of schedule vaccin es, including a detailed account of precautions and contraindications for vaccination . .:. Information to assist parents in making the decision to vaccinate their child is presented, along with information on management of adverse reactions. .:. The vaccination needs of older children, adolescents, adults, pregnant women, and recent immigrants are summarised. Parts 3-6 of the handbook deal with details of the individual vaccines and immunoglobu lins.

What is the difference between vaccination and immunisation? . The terms 'vaccination' and 'immunisation' are often used interchangeably, but their meanings are not exactly equivalent. Vaccination originally referre.d to the inoculation of vaccinia virus to render individuals immune to smallpox. These days the term 'vaccination' means the administration (usually by injection) of a vaccine or toxoid, whether or not the injection is successful in making the recipient immune. On the other hand, the term 'immunisation' denotes the process of inducing or providing immunity by the administration of an immunobiological product . Nevertheless, the two terms are commonly used interchangeably, and . have been used so in this book.

6th Edition

3