Sep 4, 1997 - SBIR/STTR. Innovative. Technology. Opportunities. ⢠Technology. Development. Strategy. ⢠Return-on-Investment. Potential is Enormous.
C/"_y
Habitats Technology
and Surface Construction and Development Roadmap
Marc Cohen NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA and Kriss J. Kennedy Johnson Space Flight Center Houston, TX
75
_i
IEDS
Technology
Habitats
Planning
Habitats
& Surface
Technology
AIAA
Structures
Surface
Construction
Construction
& Development Presented
&
Roadmap
to the
Technical
Hampton,
Committee
VA
September 4, 1997
Marc Cohen/NASA
ARC
mcohen @mail ARC.nasa.gov
KrissJ.
Kennedy/NASA
kriss.i.kenneclyl
¢ HEDS
Technology
Top Level •
Planning
Habitats
Strategy
GOAL: Sustain
JSC
@isc.nasa.gov
for Habitats
human presence
& Surface
&
Surface
Construction
Construction
on Mars.
• TARGET: Provide habitation and surface infrastructure to support humans on Mars on a long term basis.
•
PLAN: Provide the capability to produce and construct habitats and surface facilities using indigenous resources.
•
_ Open Mars to long-term planetary exploration by humans with the eventual settlement of humans on Mars.
INITIAL PRODUCTS: Initial human mission using relevant habitation technologies. ISRU resource demonstrations, i.e. material extraction and benefaction for processing.
77
Technology
•
Planning
Habitats
Executive
Vision Provide
the capability
for automated
delivery
&
Surface
Construction
Summary_ and
emplacement
of habitats
and
surface
facilities.
•
•
•
-
Composites
-
Capability
-
Long
-
Supports
and
Inflatables:
for Increased
Term
Growth
30 - 50%
Habitable
(goal)
lighter
Volume,
than
Launch
AI Hard
Structures
Efficiency
Potential
initiation
of commercial Issues
and industrial
expansion.
Key
H&SC
Technology
-
Habitat
Shell Structural
-
Seals and Mechanisms
-
Construction and Assembly: Automated Pre-Deploy Construction Systems
-
ISRU Soil/Construction
-
Radiation Protection (Health and Human Performance
-
Life Support System (Regenerative
-
Human Physiology of Long Duration Space Flight (Health and Human Performance
-
Human Psychology of Long Duration Space Flight (Health end Human Performance Tech.)
Materials
Equipment: Lightweight and Lower Power Needs Tech.)
Life Support System Tech.) Tech.)
_kLBaingJ_z_?
•
-
Use of composite
-
TransHAB
-
Japanese
What
Needs
materials
inflatable corporations to be
Done
Characterize
-
Determine
Credibility
Mars
Determine
Seal Technology
CRV,
RLV,
etc.
design/development
working for
-
,_sc,_,-
for X-38
habitat
on ISRU-derived
2004
Go
Environmental
Conditions:
of Inflatable
construction
processes.
Decisioq
Structures
for Mechanisms
Civil Engineering, for Human and
Material
Durability,
Hatches,
Life Cycle,
Durability
Habitats l
_hnology
etc.
Habitation
&
Surface
Construction
Planning
H&SC
Technology
Structure v.
Habitats & Surface Construction
V
p
Emplacement • Site
Habitat Shell
PrepsraUon
• Con=trucllonlnd
ana
Docldng
HabitatEnvironment
Outfitting
Integration
Surface Thermal Control
* L4illtk)s I Beflhing Mech=nilms
Excavation Pyrotechnic °Evaluation
,S_dmg
/_Nmb_ • Int ercontmction,
Internal Systems and
.Oust
oStructurll
E}q>losivllS *High
* Houa,ekeepmg
ana
• Rad_mtion
I
cA
Hilt
Efficiency Pumpll
• PlanlKary
Cratorlng
Anllylll Mllntonance
.Trash/Venting
o L_rm'c_lght D_oy=ble
• Safety
"S_llst
Olbrtll
Cordro{
Radla4or • lnteml_
eChl_i
Sublysteml
and
*AImMmbly .Systems
Integration
Tools
Techniquee .System Mon_odng . Pa_/o Control
78
Thlrrnal
OptdmlZst P_mc(_ment
Ion
Technology
Habitats
Planning
H&SC
&
Surface
Construction
WBS
Surface Habitats& Construction
I
I 2.01
3.0
Integrated Habitation
Construction Technology Development
Technology Development Technology Concept
Slructurea
Asse_ment
Mllch|n¢.i
Site
5,0I
m
Ii_aintenance an01
I I I
6.0
I Integrated
Operations
I
I Testing
Development
I
I
Technology I
_logy
I
and I
Testbeds
X]Tr
ition
I _gy
Preparation Prol
Habitat
Oeveloornent
Env_'onmentiI
Protection SuppoalbllRy
and
,.01
I
and
Habitat
Control
Constrt.ctlon
and
Ansembl¥
Sludies Matlitall In Sltu
lind
Procelsa
Integration
Hab_atlon
Elemanl
WBS •
•
Automation g_lcs
I
and
Protection
EXIeT nil
Utility
Interfaces
_n-Space
Testing
Tecl Des
on
FIIgl
_grllm m
dit¢_iI mt_llgence
of
Sylllma
Technology
I Tell pmtoty_ls Bedl
Emplicama_,
AIlombly
and
HEDS
Mainlonlince
Olstrit_ution
Habitats
Planning
2.0 Integrated
Habitation
Technology
&
Surface
Construction
Development
Develop Habitat Technologies - Materials -
Processes Structures
-
Mechanisms
-
Radiation Protection
-
Passive Thermal Control
-
Dust Control
-
Habitat Internal Subsystem In-Situ Integration
This Technology
Development
Area Addresses
-
Inflatable and Composite/Carbon Constructible Habitats
-
Water Jacket Radiation Shielding
-
Natural and Artificial Lighting
-
Joining Processes and Interfaces
-
Interior Utility Interfaces
79
Structures
Items Such As:
HEDS
Technology
W
Habitats
Planning
2.0 In
r
H
i
Typical • Pressure
Shell
Rigid Pressure
_ -
F_xtbk_tntu=tsd_epressumShaUCompor,_nts
-
ConstructndBiestShields
ISRU Product Pressure Shell_nent$
-
S_ltared_ast
Basalt Shielding
-
prstabncated
Shmlding
Structures
-
Depk:_yabie Trusses
-
Deployable
-
Internal
-
Quick Connect
Bracing
• Thermal
-
Rstlective
-
Quick Release
Structural Connectors
-
Integral Shielding
-
Mechanical
Columns
and
Materials and Devices
nt
Protection Loose Regolith,'Soil Shielding
Fastening
Construction
Products
Shell Components
Structures
Surface
Develo
-
• Interior
Control ThariT_l
[nsularlo¢l
Covenngs
and Coatings
* Lighting
Mechanisms
-
Natural Lighting Techniques and Equipment
-
Artificial Lighting
-
Bulkheads
-
P,_ek S_ppod
-
Subsystem
-
Vilxeticnlsolat_>nTechniquesaedCompo_nents
-
Float Support Structure
-
Vlll_ation Dampening/Reduction
Techniques
-
Foldable
-
Noise Prevention Techniques
and Components
-
Deployable
-
Noise
Reduction Techniques
and Components
• Radiation -
Loon
Stc',_u_s
Equlpmenl
end _nts
• Vibration
Support Structure
and Componenls
Decking Slairs. Rarnl_
and Elevators
Control
and Components
Protection RegolillVSoil
Shielding
-
Pressure Shell Integrated
-
Sintared/Cast
-
Prefm*bricared Shielding
• Microme_ec_'oid
r_
n 1o
° Ejecta
-
• Habitat
_sc
" n
&
Shielding
Basalt Shielding
Protectior_
-
Loose Regc4ittYSoil Shielding Pressure She_[ Integrated Shielding
-
Sintered/Cast
Basalt Shielding
-
prstabdcated
Shielding
oo_r
i
HEDS
Technology
Robotic
Habitats
Planning
Construction
Technology
&
Surface
(WBS
2.5)
•
Survey existing approaches to robots and their capabilities automobile assembly, housing, etc.
•
Evaluate potential for adapting construction components robotic assembly.
•
Use CADNR
•
Determine
appropriate
component
packaging.
to experiment
with simulated
levels of modularity,
Construction
for
robotic construction. assembly
and
•
Develop virtual user interface for directing robotic/teleoperated construction.
•
Build experimental
construction system with components.
•
Conduct integrated
robotic construction
80
ops tests.
Technology
Robotic • •
Habitats
Planning
Construction
Technology
&
Products
Surface
Construction
(WBS
2.5)
System studies of approaches to robotic/teleop construction techniques. Evaluation of potential for robotic methods to assemble a Lunar/ Mars base.
•
Develop requirements for capabilities, software, expert systems, user interface, training, hardware, end effectors, and construction components such as grapple fixtures, hard points, joints, connectors, etc.
•
Design experimental prototype robotic construction system.
•
Adapt hardware and software for robotic construction field testing.
Technology
Purpose Habitats
and Benefits
&
Surface
Construction
of H&SC
and Surface Construction Technology is Crucial for LongTerm Human Exploration of S
Reduce
Cost
• Lower
Launch
Lower
Habitats
Planning
Expand Human Presence • Commonality • Transit Ha _Infrastructure &
Mass
Logistics
Habitats
• Ensure
Crew
Technology Smart
Safety
• Increase
Autonomy
, • Increase
Reliability
Spin.Offs
Automated Construction • Entertainment & Tourism
81
/ HEDS
Technology
Planning
Habitats
&
Surface
Construction
Investments |
Technology
Planning
Habitats
&
Surface
Construction
2004 Go Decision Criteria Technology inflatabio
2004
stnJctures
Go/No
Go Criteria
: ; Meet Human- Rating Standards
...............
• Long-Duration Environmental Tests / SurvivabUity , Mainta n Pressure ntegrity .........
.................. Advanced Composite Structures
• Meet Human-Rating Standards • Long-Duration Environmental Tests / : Survivability ............................... • Maintain Pressure !ntegrity Seals/Mechanisms • Capability to Maintain Seal in Dust ..... : Environment • No Leaks • Long Duration Service iSRLJ:_rived ................. ;, Pl"ove JSRU Structurai "rechnology ......... Structures • Prove Manufacturing Process • Prove Soil Moving & Mining Processing • Prove Construction Technique Under Simulated Conditions • Prove Autonomousrrelerobotic
Rationale ' _,Hal0itatsi in Space and Surface ................. • Habitats: In Space and Surface
;Must Maintairl integrity and Long-Lifein Lunar/ Mars Environmental Conditions ,; SUl_poh Mare M;ssi0n with ISRU Capability • Support Humans as Habitats: In Space and Surface
Equipment
Capability • Prove Power Efficient Techniques/ .................................... . Equipment .......................................... ........................................ Artificial Intelligent • Proven Ability to IntegrateA.I.Nano •Habitats:InSpace and Structures (Smart Technology into Pressure Shell Surface Structures) Skin/Structure • Alleviate Direct Human • Proven Capability for Self Diagnostice and Activities Repair
.=sc r_o._z.I
Assumes
Human
Fectora and Radiation
Shielding
82
by Health & Human
Pedormnce
Technology.
In
HEDS
Technology
Planning
Habitats
Criticality Technology
seals
Justification/
• Unpr0Ven Te_n0iogy for Habitat Space Structures • Requires longer lead time and
.....
Lon g Du Save $ • Volume Save $ •
.......................... • Critical Link of Providing Contamination Control • Crew Health
, Impact t0 Missi0n _,System't • Pressure _'Sy_tem't • Ensures & Mechanisms
• System
_'System ¢ • Protectaon of Lubricants and Mechanism ',lHealtht • Protect Humans from Dust
Failures
. Unproven Technology for Habitat Space Structures • Requires time and funding to m eet 2003 Go Time to answer critical
technology
issues
....... Mass Handling Equipment _atsc x_a_ _J_r_ r
• Ensures Cleared Surface Mobility
Objectives
H&SC
Structures
• Inflatable Aerobrake Infla ta b/e Airlock • ................. • Integrity of Connections Ha tches,
Control
Emplacement,
to Land or hnk
&
and
Surface
Human
Surface
Presence
Construction
Technology
Strong
• Smaller
ETO
Launch
• No LEO
AssemblyOps
Vehicles
• Pressure • Ensures Hatches
Integrity of Connections Life Cycle of Pressure and Mechanisms
• Protection of Lubricants • Protect Humans from
of Environment
• lightweight
Habiiat
of Sustained
Presence
.SaveHABVolandPaclt
Inflatable
I_
Structures
"
I
&
Surface
Construction
Criteria Habitat
Unique System
2006
HARDWARE
Habitats
Planning
,
,>
II
Criteria
2000
Habitat
"%_.,==.=_
''c;e"J I I
Habitat
I CLASS
_
s=,osi =CAD=°.
HEDS
Habitat
Build
,_%Habitat _%
I
1999
I
_.
I
I Selection
•
• Launch
:/
"I"
• Environment
Protoflight
_ i A
fv -,s.oo.°v.ol _"
Test
:"""_
Mission
Type
Driving Requirements
Requirements
r RLSS tuman
l Fector_
) Bio-RLSS
_
=Rumen FactomJ
EVA/suite ) _, Construction
r'I_RILR_.._3r ived
I?_
I
IdP
laRnUufact u red I Structures
Surface
Mobility)
Mining
Equip
A.I Nabs _ukscr_
oe,c=_r
88
Equi_
_._ J
Mobility
&
N )
Technology
Plar,ning
Interaction
- Development ofISRU processes - ISRU processingtechnologies - Mining technologies - Development ofISRU structural materials
Habitats
Between
- Regolith movement
- Vehicle
- Construction technologies - Excavation technologies - Maintenance technologies - Assembly of ISRU structural materials
technologies
H&SC" - Robotic construction technologies - Robotic maintenance technologies - Robotic surveying technologies
chassis utilization
RLSS and H&_C,, :
HEDS
Technology
Construction
H&SC:
- Dust control technologies
- Life support technologies - Plant growth technologies
Surface
H&SC and Other Technologies
ISRU and H&SC:
- Rover technologies - Sample collection technologies - Navigation technologies
&
- Greenhouse construction technologies - Natural lighting technologies
- Artificial lighting technologies - Radiation filtering materials
Planning
Habitats
&
Surface
Construction
Summary. •
Need Advanced
Structures
•
SBIR/STTR
Innovative
•
Technology
Development
•
Return-on-Investment
•
Paradigm
•
Need to Move Technology Applications
•
Need Continued
Research
Technology Strategy
Potential
Shift from 'q'raditionar'
Material
Opportunities
is Enormous Habitat
Concepts
from Earth Applications
Testing
89
for Human
to Space
Spaceflight
Use
Technology
Planning
Habitation
Habitats
Technology
•
C LASSA:
•
- Preintegrated, CLASSIh
•
CLASS IIh
-
Prefabricated,
-
Strategy
& Surface
Construction
(Options)
Hard Shell Module Surface Assembled
ISRU Derived Structure w/Integrated
Earth components
HIGHER
l:labitat Technoloav
Level
LOWER
HEDS
Technology
Class A _ on the Moon
Curr_nt Status
1" Preintegrated
detection,
analysis
•
Low
•
High reliability
•
Near-current
•
Add larger modules
•
Technology
•
Manufacturing techniques aircraft and launch vehicle
•
Incorporated
and self repair.
mass. and easyto
repair.
technology. to ISSA and Lunar Orbit.
demonstrated
to TRL
6-7.
being perfected industry.
into CRVskin.
9O
& Surface
Construction
Habs
that can be autonomously and Mars surface. Fully integrated.
hab for failure
B.elaetlm
Habitats
Planning
by
predoployed The capability
and operated for A.I. smart
HEDS
Technology
Habitats
Planning
Class
2: Prefabricated
&
Surface
Construction
Habs
An Inflatable structure that can be autonomously predeployed and operated on the Moon and Mars surfaces. Partially integrated and flexible. The capability for A.I. smart hab for failure detection, analysis and self repair.
Larger usable
habitable
Lower
mass
Higher
crew
productivity
Higher stress)
crew
moral
volume
and quality
of life (lower
High reliability and easy to repair Taking the steps toward civilizations
Technology Army.
Status
Industry
demonstrated
established
Workshops
on Space
Shannon
Lucid's
Long term
Technology
Testbed
new
to TRL 4-5 by NASA-LaRC
"smart"
houses
Inflatable
experience
habitability
Early Human
HEDS
building
and integrated
Structures
in space
studies completed
by ARC
(2 in '96).
(Zero
G).
& JSC.
for 90 day test.
Planning
Impediments
Habitats
of Inflatable
• _
&
Surface
Construction
Structures
social
•
High Strength
•
Seaming/Stress
•
Connection Points - Hard Points for Internal/External
•
Reliable
Material Points
•
In-Space/Surface
•
"Unknown"
•
Lack of Skilled Work Force at NASA with Inflatable Structures
•
Balloon
•
Cost is so low compared
Connections
-
and Autonomous
Deployment •
systems.
are planned
of 6 months
preparing
and DoD/U.S.
Material Degradation - Radiation, Dust, Thermal, Atomic 02, Micrometeoroid
•
Hatches
• •
Off-gassing Durability/Life
and Interconnects
Flexibility/Packaging
•
Human
Credibility
•
Confidence
•
Rating
91
not Building
(Pop) Theory
•
-
•
Understanding
space structures, it.
Span
EJJgJ3.LExp_J_
Factor
to hard
no one believes
Comes from in-space demonstrated experience
Complexity
Factor
Technology
Planning
Class An ISRU,dedved constructed and V.R.
Habitats
3: ISRU-Derived *tructure
autonomously.
The capability
•
Larger
•
Can build colony
usable
•
Self sufficiency
•
Higher
•
Ability to manufacture,
It is autonomously
using indigenous
operated
Construction
resources
and maintained
analysis
and
utilizing
A.I.
and self-repair.
volumes.
infrastructure
to support
sustained
human
from Earth.
level of society.
Technology technologies
Surface
Habs
that is manufactured
for A.I. for failure detection,
habitable
&
service
demonstrated possible.
and repair.
to TRL 2-3 for Lunar-crete.
FIOL_
92
Other
presence
and evolution.
HEDS
Technology
Planning
Habitats
Concepts
HEDS
Technology
&
Surface
Construction
&
Surface
Construction
& Development
Planning
Habitats
Small: 2 crew, 3 days, 14.5 m3
Human Structure:
Inflatable
l,tnnar
Return
Mid-Section |
93
Conca.nt with
Composite
Hatch
Hold
Deployed S-Band Cotammcat_oas Antcaa*
_
Hybrid
Crew
Hand
End
Domes
HEDS
Technology
Planning
Mars
Habitats
Transit
Internal
\_
/_
Construction
Configuration /
• Section TransHAB into Four
& Surface
"_/_[
_ | "_ _x
_'---_RIIII
Section
4i..---
I[_
of Inflatable
Pressure
Shell
Internal
Outfitting
Inflatable Compression
Quadrants • Run Length
of HAB
• Horizontal Orientation Radiati
• Deployable Core Fairing for Floor/ Partition System
__
Shelter
_'_JM[_
_,_
_J_[[l[I
_
Deployed
__
PartiUon __.//_
Technology
Planning
Habitats
Structural Configuration
-
Multi-Layer Debris
Topics: Meteoroid/Orbital
Protection
Main Structural Attachments • Central Core - Inflatable Shell Interfac-'d',_ • Central Core Shelves
-
Structural Optimization • Central Core Longerons -_ • Inflatable Shell Aspect Ratio
-
Configuration
Core
Summary
94
&
Tanks Fairing
/ Flooring
SFTti°;r°fI;elfll
TransHAB Configuratiorl
n Storm Water
Surface
atable
Construction
Engineering Directorate Horacio
M. de la Fuente
HEDS
Technology
Habitats
Planning
Mete0r0id/Qrbital -
Structural
Debris
JSC Hypervelocity
Surface
Construction
Engineering Directorate
TransHAB Main
&
Horacio
M. de ia Fuente
Attachments
Protection
Testing
Results:
• >98% No leak, while in Earth orbit for ~ 6Mths (threat is orbital debris driven) • >99.5% No leak, during to/from Mars transit (threat is meteoroid driven) • Impacts up to 0.25 in. (0.63cm) Dia. Aluminum projectile, V=~7 km/s, 0° impact angle Main components: • Multi-shock Nextel bumpers
O
• High-strength Kevlar rear wall • Large, open cell fo4 N,x,,t_aFtOj c,r_,.icOo,h']"_ ,__.._ I Open cell foam
...__ .... .
_
_, -
I stana,r
I Nexte, (AF, O, _
Technology
Habitats
Planning
Central
Core
Shelf Equipment
& Surface
Construction
System and subsystems
are directly
mounted/installed on to central core shelf system to optimize structural design to take launch loads.
Station racks _e not used. I I
v
.........
95
[
HEDS
Technology
Planning
Central _
_'----
_ " Partitions' __c/Foam
\_ "
_ _
//
ECLSS,
Crew
_
3
"_L
_
Habitats
&
PM&D
and
Surface
Construction
Core Avionics,
Quarters
gl _
in Safe
Haven
I I.i'_ll
_._
I,_ L..._
"d dl
..7
Hygiene
Water
Tanks
Entertainment _
substation
and work unit: Light
weightf_e an_fabric that packages
Sleeping
Bag/Restraint
" Tvnlcal
96
Crew
Ouarter
into a box.