(Hexapoda: Collembola: Entomobryomorpha) from Ordu Province in ...

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 24-32 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/zoo-1509-28

http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/

Research Article

New records of springtail fauna (Hexapoda: Collembola: Entomobryomorpha) from Ordu Province in Turkey 1

2,

3

Muhammet Ali ÖZATA , Hasan SEVGİLİ *, Igor J. KAPRUS Demir Karamancı Anatolian High School, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey 3 State Museum of Natural History, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, L’viv, Ukraine 1

Received: 14.09.2015

Accepted/Published Online: 27.04.2016

Final Version: 25.01.2017

Abstract: This study aims to elucidate the Collembola fauna of the province of Ordu, which is situated between the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey. Although a large number of Collembolan specimens had been collected, only Entomobryomorpha species were given emphasis. From 44 different sampled localities of the province of Ordu, we recorded 6 families, 14 genera, and 28 species. Six of these species were previously recorded and 20 of them are new records for Turkey. The results were not surprising, considering that the sampled region had not been studied previously, quite like many habitats in Turkey. With our 20 new records (Entomobryomorpha), the grand total of the springtail fauna of Turkey is increased to 73 species. This represents an increase of almost 40% of the current list of known species. These numbers show us that the diversity of Collembola in Turkey is not thoroughly known and it is clear that numerous species remain undiscovered or undescribed. Key words: Biodiversity, Hexapoda, Collembola, springtails, Entomobryomorpha, new records, Ordu Province, Turkey

1. Introduction Collembologists have described over 8000 species in the world, but most species remain to be described (Bellinger et al., 2016). Although the springtail fauna of some neighboring countries of Turkey has been extensively investigated and over 400 species were discovered from each of the countries (Ulrich and Fiera, 2009), little is known about those in Turkey. The first attempt for a springtails check-list of Turkey was conducted by Sevgili and Özata (2014) and 53 species were reported. The researchers suggested that most springtail species remain to be reported and described from Turkey. Considering that Turkey is nearly covered by the Mediterranean, Balkan, African, Caucasus, and Irano-Anatolian biodiversity hotspots, many interesting habitats are still completely unexplored (Şekercioğlu et al., 2011). Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the Collembola fauna of Ordu, situated between the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey. Ordu has a total area of 5952 km2 (Figure). Samsun, Tokat, Sivas, and Giresun are the neighboring provinces as parts of the Black Sea region. The climate of Ordu Province is typical of the Black Sea region with high humidity and yearround rainfall compared with other regions of Turkey. The * Correspondence: [email protected]

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geography of the province comprises largely rural areas with mountain valleys and elevated high plateaus (e.g., Çambaşı and Perşembe). The natural forest in the area is deteriorated due to densely populated rural settlements and hazelnut farming, but there are still common productive single or mixed forests composed of Fagus orientalis Lipsky, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Rhododendron spp., Abies sp., Picea orientalis (L.) Link, and Acer sp. from sea level to 2000 m. Considering that diversity is significantly correlated with habitat diversity (Sousa et al., 2004), the Collembola fauna of Ordu should have rich species. It is expected that the study area has a rich biodiversity that contains both Caucasian and Balkan faunal elements. In this study, although a large number of the collembolan specimens were collected, only the Entomobryomorpha species are given. 2. Materials and methods Species were collected from 44 different localities of the province of Ordu from sea level to subalpine zones (about 2000 m) during 2012 and 2013 (Table 1). Specimens were extracted by Berlese funnel from soil, leaf litter, and moss and captured from the collection vial using a small brush, and they were fixed in 75% alcohol. They were cleared in

ÖZATA et al. / Turk J Zool

Figure. Map of the study area, the province of Ordu in the Black Sea region of Turkey (from Google Maps).

potassium hydroxide and mounted on a slide in Faure’s solution. Literature information on the Collembola of Turkey was briefly reviewed by Sevgili and Özata (2014). The location, slide number, coordinates of the collection sites, collection dates, and examined materials are given in Tables 1 and 2. Thousands of Collembola samples were collected and extracted, and 1045 specimens of springtails were identified (see Table 1 for details). The slides were deposited at the Zoology Laboratory of the Biology Department of Ordu University, Turkey. 3. Results and discussion Samples from 44 different localities of Ordu Province were recorded as belonging to 6 families, 12 genera, and 28 species. Six species were previously recorded and 20 are new records for Turkey (Tables 1 and 2). Some specimens could not be identified to species level, and hence they were

not listed here. The results were not surprising in terms of richness, as the study region has not been extensively studied compared with many habitats of Turkey. There are few papers related to the Collembola of Turkey, which were summarized by Sevgili and Özata (2014). With our 20 new records (Entomobryomorpha), the total number of springtail fauna for Turkey has increased to 73 species. This represents an increase of almost 40% of the current list of known species. The fauna described here comprises elements from mainly European and Caucasian in addition to Palearctic and Holarctic regions (Bellinger et al., 2016). These results show that the diversity of Collembola in Turkey is poorly known and it is clear that numerous species remain to be discovered. 3.1. Faunistic part Class: Collembola Order: Entomobryomorpha Family Entomobryidae Entomobrya handschini Stach, 1922

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ÖZATA et al. / Turk J Zool Table 1. Information on the distributions, collection dates, habitats, and altitudes of the species of Entomobryomorpha recorded from the province of Ordu. Location no.

Collection date

Location

Habitat

Altitude (m)

Longitude (E)

Latitude (N)

1

02.04.2012

Ulubey/Çorak Düzü district

Hornbeam forest and moss

622

37°75′16″

40°87′91″

2

08.04.2012 17.05.2012 16.09.2012

Gülyalı/Turnasuyu village/Divane district

Pine forest and moss

41

38°11′81″

40°53′22″

3

17.05.2012 16.09.2012

Gülyalı/Turnasuyu village/Divane district

Chestnut forest and soil

70

38°11′81″

40°53′22″

4

28.04.2012

Ulubey/Sayacabaşı district

Redwood forest

934

37°72′02″

40°87′09″

5

28.04.2012

Ulubey Sayacabaşı Kurşunçal road (2 km)

Redwood forest

848

37°69′16″

40°89′63″

6

28.04.2012

Altınordu/Günören village (Kurşunçal forest)

Redwood forest

580

37°68′45″

40°92′82″

7

13.05.2012

Altınordu/Bayadı village (Kurul Kayası district)

Redwood forest and soil

280–298

37°89′50″

40°90′32″

8

13.05.2012

Gülyalı/Kestane Village (Kurt kayası district)

Mixed forest and soil

550

38°06′07″

40°91′37″

9

01.06.2012 01.06.2013 05.07.2012

Ünye/İnkur (Çet picnic spot)

Pine forest and soil

348–446

37°19′59″

41°06′45″

10

05.07.2012

Ünye/İnkur (2 km )

Oak forest

376

37°21′61″

41°03′75″

11

05.07.2012

Ünye (10 km southern)

Redwood and soil

93

37°23′22″

41°09′86″

12

05.07.2012

Ünye (around Ünye Castle)

Redwood forest

166

37°23′72″

41°09′55″

13

05.07.2012 12.05.2013 01.06.2013

Ünye/Asarkale (Kent ormanı)

Pine, spruce, beech mixed forest

160–356

37°34′75″ 37°20′83″

41°10′13″ 41°05′62″

14

05.07.2012 30.09.2012

Perşembe/Kurtulmuş village

Redwood forest

136

37°75′35″

40°97′64″

15

08.07.2012

Ünye/İnkur-Tekkiraz road

Redwood forest

476

37°08′18″

41°00′03″

16

08.07.2012

Between Akkuş and Niksar (Tokat)

Pine and oak forest

1218

37°34′12″

40°75′30″

17

08.07.2012

Akkuş

Pine forest

1226

37°35′54″

40°86′14″

18

08.07.2012

Akkuş-Ünye road

Oak forest

939

37°21′54″

40°78′50″

19

08.07.2012

Akkuş

Oak forest

1014

37°08′36″

40°90′94″

20

08.07.2012

Ünye/Tekkiraz

Oak forest

696

37°14′00″

40°96′00″

21

08.07.2012

Akkuş

Beech forest

1254

37°02′00″

40°84′35″

22

10.07.2012 30.09.2012 12.05.2013 01.06.2013

Fatsa (Cıngırt Castle)

Moss, chestnut, oak forest

161–240

37°26′68″ 37°04′49″

41°03′92″ 41°06′55″

23

10.07.2012

Fatsa/around Gaga Lake

Redwood forest

59

37°50′42″

40°97′36″

24

10.07.2012

Fatsa/Kabakdağ village

Redwood forest

260

37°52′78″

40°97′31″

25

17.07.2012

Gölköy/Kozören village

Redwood forest

1001

37°66′14″

40°67′80″

26

17.07.2012

Gölköy/Karagöz district

Redwood forest

1083

37°60′96″

40°63′84″

27

17.07.2012

Gölköy/Ulugöl

Beech forest

1216

37°64′63″

40°62′81″

28

17.07.2012

Gölköy/Kozören village

Oak forest

1004

37°66′54″

40°68′44″

29

17.07.2012

Gölköy/Tilkini district

Beech forest

1199

37°62′09″

40°63′29″

30

17.07.2012

Gölköy/Harçbeli district

Beech forest

1409

37°62′40″

40°60′51″

31

17.07.2012 14.07.2013

Ulubey/Refaiye village

Spruce forest and soil

1056–1078

37°40′49″ 37°67′27″

40°51′56″ 40°85′89″

32

12.05.2013

Fatsa/Yalıköy

Leaf litter of Prunus laurocerasus

33

37°37′11″

41°03′88″

33

12.05.2013

Fatsa/Yalıköy

Leaf litter of Diospyros kaki and soil

33

37°37′11″

41°03′88″

34

12.05.2013

Perşembe/Mersin village

Leaf litter of Daphne and soil

88

37°46′75″

41°05′58″

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ÖZATA et al. / Turk J Zool Table 1. (Continued). Location no.

Collection date

Location

Habitat

Altitude (m)

Longitude (E)

Latitude (N)

35

12.05.2013

Fatsa/Yalıköy

Lungwort

33

37°37′11″

41°03′88″

36

12.05.2013

Fatsa/Yalıköy

Moss and soil

33

37°71′11″

41°03′88″

37

12.05.2013

Perşembe/Hoynat island district

Moss and soil

18

37°43′82″

41°06′84″

38

01.06.2013

Ünye

Leaf litter of oriental plane

320

37°12′15″

41°04′48″

39

21.07.2013

Kabadüz

Leaf litter of maple

1625

37°55′75″

40°43′58″

40

21.07.2013

Kabadüz/between Turnalık and Çambaşı (Eminem çeşmesi)

Fir forest and soil

1886

37°56′91″

40°37′98″

41

21.07.2013

Kabadüz/between Turnalık and Çambaşı

Moss and soil

1647

37°55′91″

40°42′93″

42

27.08.2013

Mesudiye

Pine forest

1368

37°47′99″

40°32′05″

43

27.08.2013

Mesudiye

Pine and mixed forest

1239

37°46′98″

40°29′94″

44

08.09.2013

Between Ünye and Akkuş

Moss

968

37°10′15″

40°92′28″

Distribution: The species was recorded from Romania (Fiera, 2007), Slovakia, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Georgia, Austria, and Iran (Jordana, 2012). There are also some records from Samsun, a province adjacent to Ordu in the Black Sea region of Turkey (Stach, 1963; Sevgili and Özata, 2014). Remarks: Based on the description, this species can be reliably distinguished from the closely related species with a color pattern on abdomen II and III (Stach, 1963). The species exhibits an apparent wide variation in size, color, and morphology possibly due to its wide distribution, which may make the diagnosis of the species difficult (Stach, 1963; Jordana, 2012). The specimens were extracted from the debris of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. in the present study. Entomobrya multifasciata (Tullberg, 1871) Distribution: It has a wide distribution in the Holarctic and North Atlantic Islands (Jordana, 2012). It is also reported from Romania (Fiera, 2007), Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey, Albania, and Spain in the Palearctic Region (Stach, 1963) and France, Norway, Switzerland, and Russia (Jordana, 2012). Remarks: The taxonomy of the species remains confusing because of its wide morphological variation and probably cosmopolitan distribution, and it has been recorded from different habitats (Jordana, 2012). When comparing the length of the antennae of our materials to those reported by Stach (1963) and Jordana (2012), our specimens’ antennae are longer. Therefore, whether our specimens belong to E. multifasciata remains doubtful. Correct identification using more materials will eliminate the confusion. Entomobrya nicoleti (Lubbock, 1870) Distribution: The species has been found in Europe (Britain, Spain, Switzerland, France, Sweden, European Russia) after Jordana (2012) and Australia (Dehaerveng,

2013). A new record from Turkey. Remarks: Although color patterns of the body have been used in most keys as an important tool for identifying the species, color patterns can be highly variable within the species but its chaetotaxy is constant (see Jordana, 2012) and some records from European countries should be confirmed. The species has been collected from only one locality and was extracted from the debris of Picea orientalis (L.) Link. Entomobrya subcaucasica Stach, 1963 Distribution: Until now, it was known only from Georgia (Jordana, 2012). This is a new record for Turkey. Remarks: Distinguished from other species of the genus by a different color pattern and chaetotaxical characters (Jordana and Baquero, 2005; Jordana, 2012). It was collected from only one locality in Ordu. The species has a possible distribution between Ordu and Caucasia throughout the Black Sea region of Turkey. Family Heteromuridae Heteromurus (Heteromurus) nitidus (Templeton, 1836) Distribution: Cosmopolitan species (Fjellberg, 2007). A new record for Turkey. Remarks: Although the genus contains 35 species (Bellinger et al., 2016), only one species was recorded from the study area. The species can be distinguished from closely related species by the detailed morphology of antennae (Fjellberg, 2007). In the study area H. nitidus was collected from two different localities and extracted from the debris of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and Castanea sativa Mill. Family Lepidocyrtidae Lepidocyrtus nigrescens Szeptycki, 1967 Distribution: Widely distributed in the Palearctic Region (Fjellberg, 2007; Mateos, 2008, 2011, 2012; Bellinger et al., 2016). A new record for Turkey.

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ÖZATA et al. / Turk J Zool Table 2. Species list of the taxa of Entomobryomorpha in Ordu Province, with their examined materials, slide numbers, and location numbers. Family

Entomobryidae

Species

Examined materials

Slide no.

Location no.

Entomobrya handschini Stach, 1922

1 male, 1 female, 3 juv.**

65

26

Entomobrya multifasciata Tullberg, 1871

1 female, 1 male, 3 juv.*

237b, 247b, 237a, 204d

9, 22, 44

Entomobrya nicoleti Lubbock, 1870

3 juv.*

10a, 10b

31

Entomobrya subcaucasica Stach, 19631

1 juv.*

10b-

31

Heteromurus (Heteromurus) nitidus (Templeton, 1836)1

3 juv.*

84, 72, 112a

3, 12*

Lepidocyrtus nigrescens Szeptycki, 19671

1 male, 7 juv.*

N4-8

22

Lepidocyrtus cf. lanuginosus Gmelin, 1788

21 males, 9 females, 109 juv.*

65, 23b, 198a, 214, 171, 61, 36, 41, 46, 71, 35a, 84, 18b, 208 b, 178, 116b, 137, 161b, 235a, 198b, 219c, 112a, 84, 23a, 84a, 241a, 240a, 201b, 240b, 198c, 116b, 118a, 219a, 241b, 50b, 85, 5, 44a

2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 21, 22, 28, 32, 39, 40, 41

Lepidocyrtus cf. lignorum (Fabricius, 1793)


197b, 167c, 224c, 224e, 133, 199c, 187a, 222, N4-8, 206f, 206a, 208a, 46b, 104, 50a, 219a

2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 22, 36

Pseudosinella horaki Rusek, 19851

2 males, 1 female, 5 juv.*

37

42

Orchesella balcanica Stach, 1960

1

Heteromuridae

Lepidocyrtidae

Orchesellidae

7 males, 1 juv.*

157b, 157d

37

Orchesella cincta (Linnæus, 1758)1

2 males, 17 juv.*

N9-13, 204b, 239a

28, 22, 25

Orchesella caucasica Stach, 19601

10 males, 9 juv.*

148, 133, 163a, 181b, 200, 241a, 118a

9, 22, 27, 28

Orchesella taurica Stach, 1960

1


157c, 157a, 1a, 1b, 98, 50a

19, 37, 39, 43

Desoria trispinata MacGillivray, 18961

1 female, 5 juv.*

213b, 215, 154b

10, 14

Folsomia inoculata Stach, 1947

19 juv.*

18a, 18b, 18c, 211b, 154a, 153e, 249c, 144a, 44b

5, 9, 17, 31


191c, 214m, 214s, 214n, 167a, 194, 197b, 191b, 167b, 159, 224d, 224c, 224e, 153d, 143, 215, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6a, 197d, 214, 214p, 246, 77, 67, 81, 63, 60, 211, 168l, 28d, N6, 207d, 168f, N3-5, 168h, 30, 100a, 249c, 249a, 249b, 153e, 112b, 153b, 131, 99, 113, 147a, 153, 114b, 50b, 28a, 103

2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 30, 40

214ş, 214m, 214f, 214s, 214n, 167a, 245, 197, 188a, 188c, 188b, 167c, 167b, 168c, 141a, 168e, 6f, 214, 214p, 77, 35a, 206e, 141b, 214l, 214g, 178, 14, 168l, 49, 168f, N3-5, 7a, 131, 128, 144a, 103

2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 25, 30, 44

1

1

Folsomia ksenemani Stach, 19471


Folsomia manolachei Bagnall, 19391

Isotomidae

Folsomia penicula Bagnall, 1939


166a, 224d, 168a, 141a, N5, 141b, 168d, 49, 203, 168f, 168g, 168c, 168e, 201b, 14

5, 9, 17, 31

Folsomia spinosa Kseneman, 19361

1 juv.*

22

17

Isotomiella minor (Schaffer, 1896)

1 male, 1 female, 4 juv.*

18a, 18b, 18c, N6, 19a, 164, 9

12, 17, 31, 40

1


237b, 247b, 237a, 204d

9, 12, 13

Parisotoma notabilis Schaffer, 1896


214s, 214n, 167a, 194, 188a, 167c, 167, 166a, 168c, 6c, 246, 60, 6q, 206e, N5, 18a, 18b, 18c, 168d, 208b, 14, 168l, 129, N-12, 28d, 206f, 207d, 150a, 168h, 6l, 30, 100a, 249c, 153b, 131, 144a, 144b, 21a, 21c, 21d, 103

7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 22, 28, 39, 40, 41, 42


166b, 157c, 156d, 156h, 156f, 156c

14

1 juv.*.

224a

2

Pogonognathellus longicornis Müller, 17761

5 males, 5 females, 26 juv.*.

65, 246, 69a, 83, 52, 86, N1-1, 66b, 225a, 52, 105, 242, 201b, 115, 66a, 31, 114a, 24a, 29a, 29c

1, 3, 12, 13, 14, 17, 22, 26, 27, 28, 31, 40

Tomocerina minuta Tullberg, 18761


224e, 41, 71, 84, N5, 150a, 24a, 185

2, 13, 16, 36

Tomocerus minor Lubbock, 18621


195, 184, 138, 139b, 183, 215, 69b, 15, N5, 247b, 11, 168l, 116b, 203, 207d, 54, 208c, 10b, 88 66b, 52, 105, 232a, 249b, 108, 115, 66a, 102, 118a, 91, 241b, 169a, 114a, 114b, 112b, 24a, 97, 24b, 29c, 44a, 139a

1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 19, 20, 22, 27, 31, 40

176, 224a, 23b, 69b, 26, 83, 42, 203, N7-14, N9-18, 206a, 150a, 172b, 150b, 57a, 172a, 246b, 249b, 115, 66a, 91, 169a, 224b, 94, 114b, 114a, 24a, 97, 29c

1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 25, 26, 28, 33, 44

Pachyotoma caucasica Stach, 1947

Pseudisotoma sensibilis Tullberg, 18761 Pogonognathellus flavescens Tullberg, 1871

Tomoceridae

Tomocerus vulgaris Tullberg, 1871

1

New records for Turkey; * juv. = juvenile

28

1


ÖZATA et al. / Turk J Zool Remarks: Lepidocyrtus is a large genus in the Lepidocyrtinae (Mateos, 2008, 2011, 2012) and identification of the species is very difficult. There are some other species collected from the study area, but we are still studying them for identification. L. nigrescens was collected only from one locality on the shore and was extracted from the debris of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. L. cf. lanuginosus Gmelin, 1788 and L. cf. lignorum (Fabricius, 1793) Remarks: Besides L. nigrescens, two other species of the genus were recorded from the study area (see Table 2), but we had difficulties identifying them. Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 is one of the largest genera of Collembola and the species taxonomy of the genus has not been sufficiently studied (Mateos, 2011, 2012; Mateos and Petersen, 2012). Morphology alone is not sufficient to resolve the relationships between taxa due to large variations. The examined specimens of L. cf. lanuginosus and L. cf. lignorum show variability in morphology of chaetotaxy and body pigmentation. Therefore, to confirm our species of Lepidocyrtus, it is necessary to carefully restudy their morphology as well as their chaetotaxy. Pseudosinella horaki Rusek, 1985 Distribution: It was previously known from former Czechoslovakia (Rusek, 1985) and was later recorded from Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary (Deharveng, 2013), Ukraine (Kaprus et al., 2006), Poland (Sterzynska et al., 2007), Romania (Fiera, 2013), and finally from Turkey in the present study. Remarks: Pseudosinella is the second largest genus of Lepidocyrtinae and only one specimen was recorded from the study area. We believe that there should be more species of the genus not collected in the present study. The species was collected from one locality at about 1300 m in altitude and extracted from the debris of Pinus sp. Family Orchesellidae Orchesella balcanica Stach, 1960 Distribution: Presently known only from Bulgaria and Romania (Stach, 1960), Greece (Ellis, 1966), and Hungary (Dány and Traser, 2008). This is a new record for Turkey. Remarks: Taxonomic details of the species were given by Stach (1960). The samples were extracted from moss in Ordu. Orchesella cincta (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: It is widespread in the Palearctic Region from Portugal to Russia and the Nearctic (Deharveng, 2013). This is the first record from Turkey. Remarks: This species may be distinguished from other species of the genus by its different body color pattern and morphological details as given by Stach (1960). It was collected from one locality near the shore and was extracted from the debris of acacia and hazelnut.

Orchesella caucasica Stach, 1960 Distribution: It is known from the Caucasus (Stach 1960). This is the first record from Turkey. Remarks: This species is very similar to O. bifasciata Nicolet, 1842, but is distinguished from that species by body coloration and different unguiculus (Stach, 1960). Although Stach (1960) recorded this species at high altitudes in the Caucasus Mountains, we collected our specimens near the shore of Ünye and Fatsa in this study. The specimens were extracted from the debris of Pinus sp. and moss. Orchesella taurica Stach, 1960 Distribution: According to Stach (1960), it occurs in the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus. The species was then reported from Europe (Greece, Dodecanese Islands, Bulgaria) and the Near East (Caucasian Russian republics, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Sinai Peninsula (Egypt), Arabian Peninsula, Iran, and Iraq) (Deharveng, 2013). Other records have been reported from Ukraine (Bondarenko-Borisova and Sandul, 2002) and Austria (Querner, 2004). This is the first record from Turkey. Remarks: This species is very similar in appearance to O. bifasciata Nicolet, 1842 (Stach, 1960). O. taurica differs from this species in color patterns, antennal length, teeth settlement on the unguiculus, and bigger body size. The samples were collected from high altitudes and extracted from the debris of Abies and Pinus forest. Family Isotomidae Desoria trispinata (MacGillivray, 1896) Distribution: Cosmopolitan species (Potapov, 2001) and new record from Turkey. Remarks: It was collected near the shore and extracted from the debris of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and Quercus sp. Folsomia inoculata Stach, 1947 Distribution: It is distributed in mountain regions of the Palearctic, from Germany to China and Japan, but there are not adequate records from the western part of Europe (Potapov, 2001). The present record is the first from Turkey. Remarks: It is morphologically very similar to Folsomia spinosa Kseneman, 1936. However, this species has been categorized under a different species groups, F. inoculata– inoculata (Potapov, 2001). Folsomia ksenemani Stach, 1947 Distribution: Faunistic records were mostly given from Europe (Hungary, Slovakia, Austria, Czech Republic, France, Spain, Italy, Romania, Rhodes, Crete, Ukraine), the West Caucasus of Russia, Lebanon (Potapov, 2001), and Georgia (Barjadze et al., 2012). This is a new report from Turkey.

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ÖZATA et al. / Turk J Zool Remarks: Although F. ksenemani belongs to the spinosa-species group, morphological characters of the species show high variability (Potapov, 2001). Therefore, the existence of the species in northern Europe needs confirmation. Very little is known about its biology. In this study, specimens of F. ksenemani were collected from the seashore to high altitudes and sampled from the debris of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and mixed forest litters (Pinus, Quercus, and Abies sp.). This species is the most common within the genus Folsomia in the study area. Folsomia manolachei Bagnall, 1939 Distribution: The distribution range of the species covers the whole Palearctic (Potapov, 2001), but records from Asia are more common than European records. A new record for Turkey. Remarks: This species is a member of the quadrioculataspecies group (Potapov, 2001). A confirmation of the identification of old records is certainly needed. We collected the specimens from most of the localities of Ordu Province. Folsomia penicula Bagnall, 1939 Distribution: Although it is common in Palearctic Region, the species is widely distributed all over Europe (but it is known as “Folsomia multiseta”) (Potapov, 2001). It is also known from North America. Records from Far East Asia need confirmation (Potapov, 2001). The species is known from the Turkey-Syria border (Sevgili and Özata, 2014). Remarks: This species is a member of the spinosaspecies group. F. penicula was sampled from the debris of Alnus, Pinus, and moss. Folsomia spinosa Kseneman, 1936 Distribution: The species was recoded from many regions of Europe (Potapov, 2001), but this is a new record for Turkey. Remarks: F. spinosa is a typical Folsomia species as seen in its general habitus, but the specimens collected in this study from Ordu Province differ from other members of the spinosus-species group, having a transparent and granulated body. They were extracted from the debris of Pinus at about 1200 m. Collection of more materials from specific areas at higher altitudes of Ordu Province will provide new distributional information of this species for the study area. Potapov (2001) stated that this species has a low population density in its habitats. Isotomiella minor (Schaffer, 1896) Distribution: Cosmopolitan species (Potapov, 2001); it was recorded from the area near the Turkey-Syria border (Sevgili and Özata, 2014). Remarks: I. minor has wide distribution in the world and shows a high level of morphological variations (Potapov, 2001). Many records under this species’ name should be revised. We collected the specimens from a few localities from the seashore to high altitudes and sampled it from the debris of Alnus and Pinus.

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Pachyotoma caucasica (Stach, 1947) Distribution: Although it is mainly known from the Caucasus, there are some doubtful records from the Italian Alps (Potapov, 2001). It is a new record for Turkey. Remarks: This species may be easily distinguished by having a claw with distinct inner tooth and dense with about nine anterior setae. It was collected from a few localities and extracted from debris of Pinus. Parisotoma notabilis (Schaffer, 1896) Distribution: As a cosmopolitan species, it is also known from the Turkey-Syria border (Sevgili and Özata, 2014). Remarks: This species is well characterized by its dense pale-gray body color, oval and bigger eye spots, and 4+4 postlabial chaetae. The biology of this species is well known (Potapov, 2001). P. notabilis was common in the study area and was extracted from debris of various trees and mixed forest. Pseudisotoma sensibilis Tullberg, 1876 Distribution: The distribution range of this species covers the Palearctic, Nearctic, and Oriental regions (Deharveng, 2013), but most of the records belong to Far East Asia, Russia, Japan, and China (Potapov, 2001). It is a new record for Turkey. Remarks: We found this species only from the province of Ordu. Potapov (2001) stated that the taxonomic status of the old records from the Palearctic Region was doubtful and should be revised. Very large variation was found in the pigmentation of the species and the color pattern is not a good feature to identify this species. The specimens were collected from the seashore of Ordu and were sampled from the debris of Alnus and moss. Family Tomoceridae Pogonognathellus flavescens (Tullberg, 1871) Distribution: Holarctic Region (Fjellberg, 2007). This is the first record for Turkey. Remarks: We found two species of the genus Pogonognathellus in Ordu Province. This species may be easily distinguished from P. longicornis by having different teeth arrangement and teeth number on dens. This species was only extracted from debris of Pinus and was found only in one locality in Ordu Province. Pogonognathellus longicornis (Müller, 1776) Distribution: Recorded from the Holarctic Region (Fjellberg, 2007) and a new record for Turkey. Remarks: P. longicornis is common in the province of Ordu from the seashore to high altitudes. This species is very similar to the previous species, but the macrochaetae of the legs are longer than those of P. flavescens. We extracted them from various litters of trees and bushes in the study area. For taxonomic details about this species, see Fjellberg (2007).

ÖZATA et al. / Turk J Zool Tomocerina minuta (Tullberg, 1876) Distribution: Reported from the Holarctic Region (Fjellberg, 2007) and a new record for Turkey. Remarks: There are 12 species of the genus Tomocerina in the world (Bellinger et al., 2016). We found only one species from Ordu and collected it from the seashore to high altitudes. The specimens were sampled from debris of chestnut and pine. Tomocerus minor (Lubbock, 1862) Distribution: Cosmopolitan species, but this is the first record from Turkey. Remarks: The common species was collected by extraction from the debris of various mixed forests with other springtails in Ordu. The species can be easily differentiated by having dorsal spines of the dens 3-forked as compared with the other species, T. vulgaris, which has simple spines on the dens (see Martynova, 1969; Fjellberg, 2007). The species is common in Ordu Province.

Tomocerus vulgaris (Tullberg, 1871) Distribution: Cosmopolitan distribution (Fjellberg, 2007). It was also recorded in Alanya (Antalya) in Turkey (Skayrzynski and Pomorski, 1999). Remarks: This species is widespread in Ordu Province and was sampled from the various debris of mixed forest. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Mikhail Potapov, Rafael Jordana, and Eduardo Mateos for their help in collection methods and providing some papers. Special thanks to Rahşen Kaya and Rana Akyazı for their valuable advice, which improved this study significantly. Many thanks to Hüseyin Sevgili and Onur Sevgili for their suggestions and for improving the English. We also thank the anonymous referees for their comments on the earlier version of this manuscript. Funding was provided by Ordu University, Turkey (Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, TF-1308).

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