Highlights of Women's Earnings in 2012 - Bureau of Labor Statistics

U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS O C T O B E R

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R E P O R T

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Highlights of Women’s Earnings in 2012 and definitions used in this report, see the accompanying technical notes section.

Earnings of full-time workers Age

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n 2012, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median usual weekly earnings of $691. On average in 2012, women made about 81 percent of the median earnings of male full-time wage and salary workers ($854). In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings data are available, women earned 62 percent of what men earned. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.) This report presents data highlights and statistical tables of earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of approximately 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Information on earnings is collected from one-fourth of the CPS sample each month. It is important to note that the comparisons of earnings in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be significant in explaining earnings differences. For a detailed description of the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts

Median weekly earnings were highest for women age 35 to 64 in 2012, with little difference in the earnings of 35- to 44-year-olds ($747), 45- to 54-year-olds ($746), and 55- to 64-year-olds ($766). Among men, workers who were age 45 to 64 had the highest earnings, with 45- to 54-yearolds ($994) making about the same as 55- to 64-year-olds ($1,005). Young women and men age 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($416 and $468, respectively). (See table 1.) Among the age groupings of those 35 years and older, women had earnings that ranged from 75 percent to 78

CONTENTS Earnings of full-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Race and ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Occupation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Status as a parent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 State of residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Weekly work hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Earnings of part-time workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Earnings of workers paid by the hour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Statistical Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Technical Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov 1

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Chart 1 Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2012 annual averages Percent

90.0

85.0

80.0

75.0

70.0

65.0

60.0

55.0

50.0 1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

Note: Data relate to annual averages of median usual weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

percent of the earnings of their male counterparts. Among younger workers, the earnings differences between women and men were not as great. Among workers who were 25 to 34 years old, women earned 90 percent of what men earned; among 16- to 24-year-olds, women earned 89 percent as much as men. (See table 1.)

Asians ($770), while Blacks ($599) and Hispanics ($521) earned 78 percent and 68 percent as much as Asians, respectively. In comparison, White men ($879) earned 83 percent as much as Asian men ($1,055); Black men ($665) earned 63 percent as much as Asians; and Hispanic men ($592), 56 percent. (See chart 2 and table 1.)

Between 1979 and 2012, women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios rose for most age groups. Among 25- to 34-year-olds, for example, the ratio increased from 68 percent in 1979 to 90 percent in 2012. The women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds increased from 57 percent to 75 percent. (See table 12.)

Earnings differences between women and men were the most pronounced for Whites and for Asians. White women earned 81 percent as much as White men in 2012, while Asian women earned 73 percent as much as their male counterparts. In comparison, Black and Hispanic women had median earnings that were 90 percent and 88 percent, respectively, of those of their male counterparts. (See table 1.)

Race and ethnicity Asian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic or Latino counterparts in 2012. Among women, Whites ($710) earned 92 percent as much as 2

When adjusted for inflation, women’s earnings since 1979 have increased considerably across the major race and BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Chart 2 Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2012 annual averages Earnings (dollars)

$1,200 $1,055 Women

$1,000

Men

$879

$854

$770

$800 $691

$710

$665 $599

$600

$592 $521

$400

$200

$0 Total

White

Black or African American

Asian

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Note: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics..

Hispanic ethnicity categories. Earnings growth has been largest for White women, outpacing that of their Black and Hispanic counterparts. Between 1979 and 2012, inflationadjusted earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) rose by 31 percent for White women, compared with an increase of 20 percent for Black women and 13 percent for Hispanic women. In contrast, earnings for White and Black men in 2012 showed little or no change from their 1979 constant-dollar levels, while Hispanic men’s earnings were down by 8 percent after adjusting for inflation. (See table 18.) Asians were not included in this analysis because comparable data for the group are not available until 2003. (See note in table 18.)

Education Median weekly earnings vary significantly by level of educational attainment. Among both women and men age

25 and older, the weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma ($386 for women and $508 for men) were about two-fifths of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher ($1,001 for women and $1,371 for men) in 2012. Women and men with a high school diploma who had not attended college earned a little more than half of what women and men with a bachelor’s degree or higher did, and those with some college or an associate’s degree earned around twothirds as much as those with a bachelor’s. (See table 1.) At each level of education, women have fared better than men with respect to earnings growth. Although both women and men without a high school diploma have experienced declines in inflation-adjusted earnings since 1979, the drop for women was significantly less than that for men: a 14-percent decrease for women as opposed to a 32-percent decline for men. On an inflation-adjusted


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 basis, earnings for women with a college degree have increased by 28 percent since 1979, while those of male college graduates have risen by 17 percent. (Data pertain to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 3 and table 19.)

Occupation Among both women and men, median weekly earnings for those working full time in management, business, and financial operations jobs were higher than in any other major occupational category in 2012 ($993 for women and $1,387 for men). Of women in management, business, and financial operations occupations, those who were chief executives, computer and information

systems managers, and management analysts had the highest median weekly earnings ($1,730, $1,527, and $1,325, respectively). Among men in this job group, chief executives and architectural and engineering managers had the highest earnings ($2,275 and $2,116, respectively). The second highest paying occupational group for women and men was professional and related occupations ($928 for women and $1,267 for men). Among women in professional and related occupations, those who were pharmacists ($1,871) and lawyers ($1,636) had the highest earnings. For men in professional and related occupations, those who were physicians and surgeons ($2,099), lawyers ($2,055), and pharmacists ($1,879) earned the most. (See table 2.)

Chart 3 Percent change in constant-dollar median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment and sex, 1979–2012

17.4 Men

Bachelor's degree and higher

28.5

Women

-11.7

Some college or associate's degree

5.9

-19.1

High school graduates, no college

2.7

-31.6

Less than a high school diploma

-13.8

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Percent change

Note: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, 25 years and older. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 4

BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 The occupational distributions of female and male fulltime workers differ significantly. Compared with men, relatively few women work in construction, production, or transportation occupations, and women are far more concentrated in administrative support jobs. (See chart 4 and table 2.)

work in education and healthcare jobs, in which the pay is generally lower than that for computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-eight percent of women in this occupational category worked in the education and healthcare fields in 2012, compared with 30 percent of men. (See table 2.)

Women are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. Within this occupational category, though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying job groups is much smaller than the proportion of men employed in them. In 2012, 9 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively high-paying computer and engineering fields, compared with 45 percent of men in this field. Women in professional and related occupations were more likely to

In 2012, a little more than one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18 (36 percent of women and 37 percent of men). Among women, median weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 were $680, slightly below the earnings for women without children under 18 ($697). Among men, earnings for fathers with children under 18 were $946, compared with $799 for men without children under 18. (See table 7.)

Status as a parent

Chart 4 Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupational group, 2012 annual averages Percentage of total employment

35

Women

29.0

30

Men

25 21.8 20

19.3

18.9 17.3

16.7

16.1

15.9 15

13.1

10

8.8

9.5 6.6

6.1

5 0.9 0 Management, business, and financial operations occupations

Service occupations Professional and related occupations

Sales and related occupations

Office and administrative support occupations

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012

State of residence Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries found in each state and diversity in the age composition of each state’s labor force. In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. (See table 3.)

Weekly work hours Among full-time workers (that is, those working at a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than women to have a longer workweek. Twenty-six percent of men worked 41 or more hours per week in 2012, compared with 14 percent of women who did so. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 12 percent of women worked those hours in 2012, while 5 percent of men did. A large majority of both male and female full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek; among these workers, women earned 88 percent as much as men earned. (People who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose hours vary were excluded from this analysis.) (See table 5.)

Earnings of part-time workers

Women are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole, or principal, job. Women who worked part time made up 26 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2012. In contrast, 13 percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.)

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Women and men who worked part time had similar median earnings. Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $236 in 2012, just slightly above the $226 median for their male counterparts. (See table 4.) Men who work part time tend to be younger than women who work part time. In 2012, 43 percent of male parttime workers were 16 to 24 years old, compared with 29 percent of female part-time workers who were that age. (See table 4.)

Earnings of workers paid by the hour

Sixty-two percent of women and 56 percent of men employed in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour in 2012. Women who were paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $11.99, which was 86 percent of the median for men paid by the hour ($13.88). (See tables 8 and 11.) Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2012, 6 percent of women and 3 percent of men had hourly earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See table 10.) Among both women and men, hourly paid workers age 16 to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at or below the minimum wage. Twenty-one percent of teenage workers who were paid hourly rates earned the prevailing federal minimum wage or less in 2012, compared with just 3 percent of hourly paid workers age 25 and older. Nine percent of hourly paid workers who were age 20 to 24 had earnings at or below the minimum wage. (See table 10.)



Statistical Tables


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages Both sexes Number of workers (in thousands)

Women

Median weekly earnings

Standard error of median

Number of workers (in thousands)



$768 444 356 464 815 707 858 878 897 757

$2 4 5 4 2 3 5 5 6 13

45,462 3,866 415 3,450 41,597 10,617 10,410 11,505 7,680 1,385

$691 416 330 429 727 666 747 746 766 667

$3 3 8 6 2 4 5 5 5 15

81,779 12,230 5,790 16,302

792 621 920 568

3 4 12 5

35,108 6,474 2,560 6,414

710 599 770 521

3 4 13 4

27,428 58,088 17,233 11,531 4,082 1,620

609 880 735 774 620 691

2 3 4 5 8 18

11,993 23,718 9,752 6,462 2,081 1,208

594 751 675 720 570 645

3 3 6 6 10 15

Members of unions2………………………………… 12,847 Represented by unions3……………………………… 14,173 Not represented by a union................................... 88,575

943 933 742

6 5 2

5,494 6,174 39,289

877 865 663

7 7 3

815 471 652 749 1,165

2 4 3 3 4

41,597 2,236 10,152 12,310 16,899

727 386 561 659 1,001

2 4 4 4 5

Characteristic

Age Total, 16 years and older....................................... 102,749 16 to 24 years.................................................... 9,030 16 to 19 years................................................. 1,019 20 to 24 years................................................. 8,011 25 years and older............................................. 93,719 25 to 34 years................................................. 24,585 35 to 44 years................................................. 24,084 45 to 54 years................................................. 25,345 55 to 64 years................................................. 16,518 65 years and older.......................................... 3,186 Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White..................................................................... Black or African American..................................... Asian..................................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... Marital Status Never married....................................................... Married, spouse present........................................ Other marital status............................................... Divorced............................................................. Separated.......................................................... Widowed............................................................ Union Affiliation1

Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and older....................................... Less than a high school diploma........................ High school graduates, no college..................... Some college or associate's degree................... Bachelor's degree and higher.............................

93,719 7,010 25,239 25,826 35,644

See footnotes at end of table.

8


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued) Men Women's earnings as a percent of men's




Total, 16 years and older....................................... 16 to 24 years.................................................... 16 to 19 years................................................. 20 to 24 years................................................. 25 years and older............................................. 25 to 34 years................................................. 35 to 44 years................................................. 45 to 54 years................................................. 55 to 64 years................................................. 65 years and older..........................................

57,286 5,164 603 4,561 52,122 13,968 13,675 13,840 8,838 1,801

$854 468 373 482 910 738 957 994 1,005 860

$4 5 7 3 3 4 6 6 7 26

80.9 88.9 88.5 89.0 79.9 90.2 78.1 75.1 76.2 77.6

Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White..................................................................... Black or African American..................................... Asian..................................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................

46,672 5,756 3,231 9,887

879 665 1,055 592

4 8 23 4

80.8 90.1 73.0 88.0

15,435 34,370 7,481 5,069 2,001 411

620 981 815 858 696 847

4 4 7 10 14 39

95.8 76.6 82.8 83.9 81.9 76.2

Members of unions2………………………………… 7,353 Represented by unions3……………………………… 8,000 Not represented by a union................................... 49,287

997 990 821

7 7 4

88.0 87.4 80.8

910 508 735 857 1,371

3 3 4 6 7

79.9 76.0 76.3 76.9 73.0

Characteristic

Age

Marital Status Never married....................................................... Married, spouse present........................................ Other marital status............................................... Divorced............................................................. Separated.......................................................... Widowed............................................................ Union Affiliation1

Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and older....................................... Less than a high school diploma........................ High school graduates, no college..................... Some college or associate's degree................... Bachelor's degree and higher.............................

52,122 4,773 15,087 13,517 18,745

1

Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region. 2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. 3 Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. Note: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages Both sexes Occupation


Total, 16 years and older…………………………………… Management, professional, and related occupations…… Management, business, and financial operations occupations…………………………………… Management occupations……………………………… Chief executives……………………………………… General and operations managers………………… Legislators……………………………………………… Advertising and promotions managers……………… Marketing and sales managers……………………… Public relations and fundraising managers………… Administrative services managers…………………… Computer and information systems managers…… Financial managers…………………………………… Compensation and benefits managers……………… Human resources managers………………………… Training and development managers……………… Industrial production managers……………………… Purchasing managers………………………………… Transportation, storage, and distribution managers……………………………… Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers……………………………… Construction managers……………………………… Education administrators……………………………. Architectural and engineering managers…………… Food service managers……………………………… Funeral service managers……….…………………… Gaming managers……………..……………………… Lodging managers…………………………………… Medical and health services managers……………… Natural sciences managers………………………… Postmasters and mail superintendents……………… Property, real estate, and community association managers………..………… Social and community service managers…………… Emergency management directors………………… Managers, all other…………………………………… Business and financial operations occupations……… Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes…………………… Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products…… Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products………………………………… Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products………………………………………… Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators…………………………………… Compliance officers…………………………………… Cost estimators………………………………………… Human resources workers…………………………… Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists…………………………………

Women



102,749

$768

$2

40,984

1,108

5

16,991 11,547 1,004 983 7 65 916 56 133 568 1,125 16 216 33 219 204

1,171 1,248 2,060 1,264 – 1,334 1,396 1,237 1,103 1,672 1,169 – 1,271 – 1,183 1,319

276




45,462

$691

$3

21,059

951

4

8 7 72 22 – 54 48 53 74 60 28 – 73 – 72 83

7,869 4,765 265 278 3 29 402 39 57 145 616 9 160 17 34 99

993 1,036 1,730 971 – – 1,110 – 1,038 1,527 988 – 1,208 – – 1,072

7 12 89 37 – – 53 – 55 78 28 – 80 – – 169

953

37

36

–

–

104 460 704 111 678 8 21 100 502 18 35

708 1,208 1,255 2,122 689 – – 774 1,280 – –

74 66 34 184 21 – – 184 42 – –

14 35 454 9 327 4 6 47 358 11 21

– – 1,052 – 601 – – – 1,190 – –

– – 64 – 20 – – – 66 – –

353 260 5 2,367 5,443

907 947 – 1,258 1,058

43 28 – 16 12

200 184 2 902 3,105

817 883 – 1,078 952

35 55 – 27 9

31 8

– –

– –

16 2

– –

– –

141

850

47

75

847

76

239

987

29

130

942

69

307 192 91 559

909 1,183 1,154 994

36 80 38 27

203 91 10 401

803 999 – 944

21 32 – 21

72

961

67

59

866

124

See note at end of table.

10


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued) Men Occupation




Women's earnings as a percent of men's

Total, 16 years and older……………………………………

57,286

$854

$4

80.9

Management, professional, and related occupations…… Management, business, and financial operations occupations…………………………………… Management occupations……………………………… Chief executives……………………………………… General and operations managers………………… Legislators……………………………………………… Advertising and promotions managers……………… Marketing and sales managers……………………… Public relations and fundraising managers………… Administrative services managers…………………… Computer and information systems managers…… Financial managers…………………………………… Compensation and benefits managers……………… Human resources managers………………………… Training and development managers……………… Industrial production managers……………………… Purchasing managers………………………………… Transportation, storage, and distribution managers……………………………… Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers……………………………… Construction managers……………………………… Education administrators……………………………. Architectural and engineering managers…………… Food service managers……………………………… Funeral service managers……….…………………… Gaming managers……………..……………………… Lodging managers…………………………………… Medical and health services managers……………… Natural sciences managers………………………… Postmasters and mail superintendents……………… Property, real estate, and community association managers………..………… Social and community service managers…………… Emergency management directors………………… Managers, all other…………………………………… Business and financial operations occupations……… Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes…………………… Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products…… Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products………………………………… Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products………………………………………… Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators…………………………………… Compliance officers…………………………………… Cost estimators………………………………………… Human resources workers…………………………… Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists…………………………………

19,926

1,328

8

71.6

9,121 6,783 739 705 4 36 514 17 76 423 509 7 56 16 185 104

1,387 1,428 2,275 1,436 – – 1,640 – 1,212 1,740 1,405 – 1,447 – 1,181 1,467

12 12 88 35 – – 31 – 166 49 34 – 61 – 67 35

71.6 72.5 76.0 67.6 – – 67.7 – 85.6 87.8 70.3 – 83.5 – – 73.1

240

938

41

–

89 425 250 101 351 5 15 53 144 7 14

699 1,233 1,566 2,116 744 – – 1,131 1,544 – –

84 31 45 148 21 – – 249 63 – –

– – 67.2 – 80.8 – – – 77.1 – –

153 76 3 1,465 2,339

1,045 1,151 – 1,409 1,274

66 39 – 35 35

78.2 76.7 – 76.5 74.7

15 6

– –

– –

– –

66

853

55

99.3

109

1,057

111

89.1

104 101 81 158

1,158 1,304 1,164 1,249

84 101 43 36

69.3 76.6 – 75.6

13

–

–

–



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued) Both sexes Occupation


120 Training and development specialists……………… Logisticians…………………………………………… 88 Management analysts………………………………… 479 Meeting, convention, and event planners…………… 86 Fundraisers…………………………………………… 61 Market research analysts and marketing specialists…………………………………………… 175 Business operations specialists, all other…………… 220 Accountants and auditors…………………………… 1,471 Appraisers and assessors of real estate…………… 48 Budget analysts……………………………………… 52 Credit analysts………………………………………… 33 Financial analysts……………………………………… 77 Personal financial advisors…………………………… 278 Insurance underwriters……………………………… 91 Financial examiners…………………………………… 11 Credit counselors and loan officers………………… 310 Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents………………………………………………… 87 Tax preparers………………………………………… 48 Financial specialists, all other………………………… 68 Professional and related occupations…………………… 23,993 Computer and mathematical occupations…………… 3,416 Computer and information research scientists…… 27 Computer systems analysts………………………… 440 Information security analysts………………………… 51 Computer programmers……………………………… 439 Software developers, applications and systems software……………………………………………… 1,005 Web developers……………………………………… 123 Computer support specialists………………………… 429 Database administrators……………………………… 97 Network and computer systems administrators…… 204 Computer network architects………………………… 115 Computer occupations, all other…………………… 288 Actuaries……………………………………………… 19 Mathematicians………………………………………… 4 Operations research analysts………………………… 127 Statisticians…………………………………………… 44 Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations………………………………… 4 Architecture and engineering occupations…………… 2,588 Architects, except naval……………………………… 130 Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists………………………………… 45 Aerospace engineers………………………………… 120 Agricultural engineers………………………………… 4 Biomedical engineers………………………………… 11 Chemical engineers…………………………………… 71 Civil engineers………………………………………… 334 Computer hardware engineers……………………… 73 Electrical and electronics engineers………………… 311 Environmental engineers……………………………… 39 Industrial engineers, including health and safety…… 202

Women



$983 1,009 1,452 819 1,058

$55 78 42 30 51

1,148 970 1,110 – 1,207 – 1,487 1,327 954 – 934




69 30 202 72 45

$866 – 1,325 824 –

$49 – 159 76 –

44 33 24 – 88 – 88 72 29 – 22

90 147 886 25 28 18 30 96 66 6 181

1,073 904 996 – – – – 1,016 933 – 850

47 37 19 – – – – 79 26 – 26

937 – 1,025 1,053 1,349 – 1,406 1,592 1,324

63 – 105 6 13 – 53 60 37

54 25 48 13,189 872 6 145 8 100

849 – – 928 1,146 – 1,254 – 1,148

53 – – 5 18 – 39 – 49

1,591 1,082 960 1,376 1,191 1,548 1,110 – – 1,334 –

36 181 21 82 108 72 76 – – 82 –

197 36 116 40 51 11 65 6 1 70 18

1,362 – 881 – 1,056 – 887 – – 1,169 –

44 – 38 – 36 – 110 – – 86 –

– 1,337 1,325

– 14 202

3 319 29

– 1,136 –

– 28 –

– 1,645 – – 1,509 1,367 1,548 1,550 – 1,393

– 50 – – 166 27 56 50 – 45

12 10 1 1 10 47 7 27 6 34

– – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – –


12




51 Training and development specialists……………… Logisticians…………………………………………… 57 Management analysts………………………………… 277 Meeting, convention and event planners…………… 15 Fundraisers…………………………………………… 16 Market research analysts and marketing specialists…………………………………………… 85 Business operations specialists, all other…………… 73 Accountants and auditors…………………………… 585 Appraisers and assessors of real estate…………… 23 Budget analysts……………………………………… 24 Credit analysts………………………………………… 15 Financial analysts……………………………………… 48 Personal financial advisors…………………………… 182 Insurance underwriters……………………………… 24 Financial examiners…………………………………… 5 Credit counselors and loan officers………………… 130 Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents………………………………………………… 33 Tax preparers………………………………………… 24 Financial specialists, all other………………………… 20 Professional and related occupations…………………… 10,804 Computer and mathematical occupations…………… 2,544 Computer and information research scientists…… 21 Computer systems analysts………………………… 295 Information security analysts………………………… 43 Computer programmers……………………………… 340 Software developers, applications and systems software……………………………………………… 808 Web developers……………………………………… 86 Computer support specialists………………………… 313 Database administrators……………………………… 57 Network and computer systems administrators…… 153 Computer network architects………………………… 104 Computer occupations, all other…………………… 223 Actuaries……………………………………………… 14 Mathematicians………………………………………… 3 Operations research analysts………………………… 57 Statisticians…………………………………………… 26 Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations………………………………… 1 Architecture and engineering occupations…………… 2,269 Architects, except naval……………………………… 102 Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists………………………………… 32 Aerospace engineers………………………………… 111 Agricultural engineers………………………………… 3 Biomedical engineers………………………………… 10 Chemical engineers…………………………………… 61 Civil engineers………………………………………… 287 Computer hardware engineers……………………… 66 Electrical and electronics engineers………………… 284 Environmental engineers……………………………… 33 Industrial engineers, including health and safety…… 167




$1,144 1,225 1,535 – –

$53 123 83 – –

75.7 – 86.3 – –

1,197 1,271 1,350 – – – – 1,532 – – 1,074

98 242 18 – – – – 109 – – 120

89.6 71.1 73.8 – – – – 66.3 – – 79.1

– – – 1,267 1,414 – 1,477 – 1,363

– – – 10 18 – 42 – 35

– – – 73.2 81.0 – 84.9 – 84.2

1,674 1,204 985 1,657 1,253 1,569 1,155 – – 1,551 –

53 67 30 48 31 80 45 – – 87 –

81.4 – 89.4 – 84.3 – 76.8 – – 75.4 –

– 1,358 1,415

– 14 67

– 83.7 –

– 1,665 – – 1,582 1,428 1,571 1,614 – 1,408

– 48 – – 289 54 71 103 – 48

– – – – – – – – – –





Marine engineers and naval architects……………… Materials engineers…………………………………… Mechanical engineers………………………………… Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers…………………………… Nuclear engineers…………………………………… Petroleum engineers………………………………… Engineers, all other…………………………………… Drafters………………………………………………… Engineering technicians, except drafters…………… Surveying and mapping technicians………………… Life, physical, and social science occupations……… Agricultural and food scientists……………………… Biological scientists…………………………………… Conservation scientists and foresters……………… Medical scientists……………………………………… Life scientists, all other……………………………… Astronomers and physicists………………………… Atmospheric and space scientists…………………… Chemists and materials scientists…………………… Environmental scientists and geoscientists………… Physical scientists, all other………………………… Economists…………………………………………… Survey researchers…………………………………… Psychologists………………………………………… Sociologists…………………………………………… Urban and regional planners………………………… Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers………………………………………………… Agricultural and food science technicians………… Biological technicians………………………………… Chemical technicians………………………………… Geological and petroleum technicians……………… Nuclear technicians…………………………………… Social science research assistants………………… Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians…………………………………………… Community and social services occupations………… Counselors……………………………………………… Social workers………………………………………… Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists…………………………………………… Social and human service assistants ……………… Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers………………………… Clergy…………………………………………………… Directors, religious activities and education………… Religious workers, all other…………………………… Legal occupations……………………………………… Lawyers………………………………………………… Judicial law clerks……………………………………… Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers…… Paralegals and legal assistants……………………… Miscellaneous legal support workers………………


Women





10 36 280

– – $1,434

– – $40

2 6 10

– – –

– – –

9 10 33 315 129 360 67 1,098 34 94 18 123 1 22 14 98 93 145 23 3 93 4 28

– – – 1,439 962 989 885 1,134 – 1,181 – 1,163 – – – 1,163 1,266 1,456 – – 1,228 – –

– – – 48 52 21 54 16 – 40 – 37 – – – 33 202 164 – – 186 – –

– – 3 40 21 48 4 467 10 43 2 59 – 3 2 42 25 50 5 2 72 1 12

– – – – – – – $1,015 – – – 1,060 – – – – – 1,171 – – 1,155 – –

– – – – – – – $25 – – – 50 – – – – – 225 – – 29 – –

44 29 14 62 22 4 3

– – – 779 – – –

– – – 128 – – –

22 15 6 17 10 – 3

– – – – – – –

– – – – – – –

128 1,891 519 668

745 838 848 847

33 11 20 16

66 1,177 347 535

620 820 855 845

17 17 23 19

85 124

948 637

37 79

40 99

– 656

– 76

74 344 37 40 1,315 690 9 64 372 181

667 895 – – 1,328 1,909 – 1,637 872 815

55 65 – – 46 19 – 352 26 63

51 63 23 20 716 228 5 26 317 139

642 777 – – 1,013 1,636 – – 865 754

102 58 – – 28 75 – – 28 37


14




Marine engineers and naval architects……………… Materials engineers…………………………………… Mechanical engineers………………………………… Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers…………………………… Nuclear engineers…………………………………… Petroleum engineers………………………………… Engineers, all other…………………………………… Drafters………………………………………………… Engineering technicians, except drafters…………… Surveying and mapping technicians………………… Life, physical, and social science occupations……… Agricultural and food scientists……………………… Biological scientists…………………………………… Conservation scientists and foresters……………… Medical scientists……………………………………… Life scientists, all other……………………………… Astronomers and physicists………………………… Atmospheric and space scientists…………………… Chemists and materials scientists…………………… Environmental scientists and geoscientists………… Physical scientists, all other………………………… Economists…………………………………………… Survey researchers…………………………………… Psychologists………………………………………… Sociologists…………………………………………… Urban and regional planners………………………… Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers………………………………………………… Agricultural and food science technicians………… Biological technicians………………………………… Chemical technicians………………………………… Geological and petroleum technicians……………… Nuclear technicians…………………………………… Social science research assistants………………… Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians…………………………………………… Community and social services occupations………… Counselors……………………………………………… Social workers………………………………………… Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists…………………………………………… Social and human service assistants ……………… Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers………………………… Clergy…………………………………………………… Directors, religious activities and education………… Religious workers, all other…………………………… Legal occupations……………………………………… Lawyers………………………………………………… Judicial law clerks……………………………………… Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers…… Paralegals and legal assistants……………………… Miscellaneous legal support workers………………




7 30 270

– – $1,442

– – $41

– – –

8 10 30 275 108 312 63 631 23 51 15 64 1 19 13 56 68 96 18 1 21 2 16

– – – 1,456 958 1,008 891 1,226 – 1,331 – 1,331 – – – 1,226 1,390 1,522 – – – – –

– – – 45 47 22 53 51 – 44 – 256 – – – 158 80 72 – – – – –

– – – – – – – 82.8 – – – 79.6 – – – – – 76.9 – – – – –

22 14 8 45 12 4 –

– – – – – – –

– – – – – – –

– – – – – – –

62 714 172 134

825 869 833 856

66 25 38 29

75.2 94.4 102.6 98.7

44 25

– –

– –

– –

24 281 14 21 600 462 4 38 54 42

– 959 – – 1,884 2,055 – – 919 –

– 44 – – 24 85 – – 109 –

– 81.0 – – 53.8 79.6 – – 94.1 –





Education, training, and library occupations………… Postsecondary teachers……………………………… Preschool and kindergarten teachers……………… Elementary and middle school teachers…………… Secondary school teachers…………………………… Special education teachers…………………………… Other teachers and instructors……………………… Archivists, curators, and museum technicians……… Librarians……………………………………………… Library technicians…………………………………… Teacher assistants…………………………………… Other education, training, and library workers……… Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations……………………………………………… Artists and related workers…………………………… Designers……………………………………………… Actors…………………………………………………… Producers and directors……………………………… Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers… Dancers and choreographers………………………… Musicians, singers, and related workers…………… Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other…………………………………… Announcers…………………………………………… News analysts, reporters and correspondents…… Public relations specialists…………………………… Editors………………………………………………… Technical writers……………………………………… Writers and authors…………………………………… Miscellaneous media and communication workers… Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators…………………………….…… Photographers………………………………………… Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors………………………………… Media and communication equipment workers, all other……………………………………………… Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations…… Chiropractors…………………………………………… Dentists………………………………………………… Dietitians and nutritionists…………………………… Optometrists…………………………………………… Pharmacists…………………………………………… Physicians and surgeons…………………………… Physician assistants…………………………………… Podiatrists……………………………………………… Audiologists…………………………………………… Occupational therapists……………………………… Physical therapists…………………………………… Radiation therapists…………………………………… Recreational therapists……………………………… Respiratory therapists………………………………… Speech-language pathologists………………………

Women






6,454 920 494 2,435 1,043 307 372 40 143 21 567 110

$915 1,216 589 942 1,009 944 785 – 966 – 458 1,011

$7 37 23 8 18 29 30 – 31 – 12 71

4,687 424 485 1,971 578 264 220 21 120 17 515 72

$858 1,055 588 921 978 940 729 – 960 – 452 932

$7 35 23 9 21 26 52 – 30 – 13 54

1,440 68 467 10 75 89 5 49

969 1,131 953 – 1,048 958 – –

15 33 27 – 37 61 – –

631 24 226 5 34 25 5 13

885 – 855 – – – – –

23 – 42 – – – – –

14 20 63 133 121 52 86 43

– – 1,021 1,127 946 1,227 899 –

– – 70 65 26 102 43 –

5 3 24 79 62 27 46 28

– – – 989 889 – – –

– – – 67 71 – – –

70 37

875 –

150 –

5 14

– –

– –

34

–

–

5

–

–

3 5,791 7 49 79 7 223 655 88 1 7 85 144 11 10 92 88

– 1,028 – – 840 – 1,877 1,887 1,329 – – 1,189 1,287 – – 979 1,128

– 11 – – 109 – 48 27 147 – – 92 38 – – 81 40

2 4,320 3 13 73 3 116 226 61 1 6 82 88 9 9 56 86

– 980 – – 845 – 1,871 1,418 1,364 – – 1,200 1,190 – – 936 1,121

– 9 – – 97 – 89 98 69 – – 90 114 – – 39 56


16




Education, training, and library occupations………… Postsecondary teachers……………………………… Preschool and kindergarten teachers……………… Elementary and middle school teachers…………… Secondary school teachers…………………………… Special education teachers…………………………… Other teachers and instructors……………………… Archivists, curators, and museum technicians……… Librarians……………………………………………… Library technicians…………………………………… Teacher assistants…………………………………… Other education, training, and library workers……… Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations……………………………………………… Artists and related workers…………………………… Designers……………………………………………… Actors…………………………………………………… Producers and directors……………………………… Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers… Dancers and choreographers………………………… Musicians, singers, and related workers…………… Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other…………………………………… Announcers…………………………………………… News analysts, reporters and correspondents…… Public relations specialists…………………………… Editors………………………………………………… Technical writers……………………………………… Writers and authors…………………………………… Miscellaneous media and communication workers… Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators…………………………….…… Photographers………………………………………… Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors………………………………… Media and communication equipment workers, all other……………………………………………… Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations…… Chiropractors…………………………………………… Dentists………………………………………………… Dietitians and nutritionists…………………………… Optometrists…………………………………………… Pharmacists…………………………………………… Physicians and surgeons…………………………… Physician assistants…………………………………… Podiatrists……………………………………………… Audiologists…………………………………………… Occupational therapists……………………………… Physical therapists…………………………………… Radiation therapists…………………………………… Recreational therapists……………………………… Respiratory therapists………………………………… Speech-language pathologists………………………




1,766 497 9 464 465 43 151 20 24 4 51 38

$1,133 1,366 – 1,128 1,050 – 917 – – – 493 –

$12 34 – 24 31 – 50 – – – 16 –

75.7 77.2 – 81.6 93.1 – 79.5 – – – 91.7 –

809 44 241 5 41 63 – 36

1,055 – 1,028 – – 1,018 – –

23 – 58 – – 58 – –

83.9 – 83.2 – – – – –

9 17 39 55 59 24 40 15

– – – 1,351 993 – – –

– – – 70 121 – – –

– – – 73.2 89.5 – – –

64 24

924 –

177 –

– –

29

–

–

–

1 1,471 4 37 6 4 107 429 27 – 1 3 56 1 1 36 3

– 1,245 – – – – 1,879 2,099 – – – – 1,362 – – – –

– 23 – – – – 25 146 – – – – 36 – – – –

– 78.7 – – – – 99.6 67.6 – – – – 87.4 – – – –





88 Therapists, all other…………………………………… Veterinarians…………………………………………… 49 Registered nurses…………………………………… 2,176 Nurse anesthetists…………………………………… 24 Nurse midwives………………………………………… 2 Nurse practitioners…………………………………… 77 Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other……………………………………………… 3 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians… 256 Dental hygienists……………………………………… 51 Diagnostic related technologists and technicians… 241 Emergency medical technicians and paramedics… 145 Health practitioner support technologists and technicians……………………...…………………… 403 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses… 433 Medical records and health information technicians…………………………………………… 74 Opticians, dispensing………………………………… 41 Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians…………………………………………… 113 Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations…………………………………………… 69 Service occupations………………………………………… 14,839 Healthcare support occupations………………………… 2,350 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides……… 1,458 Occupational therapy assistants and aides………… 11 Physical therapist assistants and aides…………… 45 Massage therapists…………………………………… 42 Dental assistants……………………………………… 174 Medical assistants…………………………………… 323 Medical transcriptionists……………………………… 30 Pharmacy aides……………………………………… 30 Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers…………………………………………… 22 Phlebotomists………………………………………… 101 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers…………… 112 Protective service occupations…………………………… 2,655 First-line supervisors of correctional officers……… 51 First-line supervisors of police and detectives……… 105 First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers…………………………………… 59 First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other…………………………………… 80 Firefighters……………………………………………… 276 Fire inspectors………………………………………… 15 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers…………… 363 Detectives and criminal investigators……………… 151 5 Fish and game wardens……………………………… 3 Parking enforcement workers………………………… Police and sheriff's patrol officers…………………… 629 Transit and railroad police…………………………… 3 Animal control workers……………………………… 8 Private detectives and investigators………………… 76

Women






$926 – 1,097 – – 1,610

$60 – 13 – – 52

71 29 1,946 12 2 65

$877 – 1,086 – – 1,530

$93 – 13 – – 90

– 869 1,045 961 780

– 34 41 32 33

– 180 50 174 44

– 842 1,047 912 –

– 34 39 36 –

615 731

16 17

322 400

621 730

18 17

618 –

57 –

65 24

663 –

65 –

772

53

71

714

34

900 485 482 451 – – – 579 514 – –

69 2 5 6 – – – 14 9 – –

34 7,328 2,060 1,285 11 26 32 172 302 29 28

– 435 477 445 – – – 581 515 – –

– 4 5 6 – – – 13 9 – –

– 520

– 27

15 82

– 516

– 27

487 791 820 1,216

32 14 44 124

77 500 17 16

462 658 – –

32 13 – –

1,271

114

–

–

–

881 1,068 – 722 1,062 – – 979 – – 848

37 38 – 23 52 – – 32 – – 53

26 8 2 102 37 1 1 76 – 3 34

– – – 643 – – – 815 – – –

– – – 27 – – – 77 – – –


18




Therapists, all other…………………………………… Veterinarians…………………………………………… Registered nurses…………………………………… Nurse anesthetists…………………………………… Nurse midwives………………………………………… Nurse practitioners…………………………………… Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other……………………………………………… Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians… Dental hygienists……………………………………… Diagnostic related technologists and technicians… Emergency medical technicians and paramedics… Health practitioner support technologists and technicians……………………...…………………… Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses… Medical records and health information technicians…………………………………………… Opticians, dispensing………………………………… Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians…………………………………………… Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations…………………………………………… Service occupations………………………………………… Healthcare support occupations………………………… Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides……… Occupational therapy assistants and aides………… Physical therapist assistants and aides…………… Massage therapists…………………………………… Dental assistants……………………………………… Medical assistants…………………………………… Medical transcriptionists……………………………… Pharmacy aides……………………………………… Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers…………………………………………… Phlebotomists………………………………………… Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers…………… Protective service occupations…………………………… First-line supervisors of correctional officers……… First-line supervisors of police and detectives……… First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers…………………………………… First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other…………………………………… Firefighters……………………………………………… Fire inspectors………………………………………… Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers…………… Detectives and criminal investigators……………… Fish and game wardens……………………………… Parking enforcement workers………………………… Police and sheriff's patrol officers…………………… Transit and railroad police…………………………… Animal control workers……………………………… Private detectives and investigators…………………




16 20 230 11 – 12

– – $1,189 – – –

– – $29 – – –

– – 91.3 – – –

3 76 – 67 100

– 943 – 1,131 809

– 59 – 43 31

– 89.3 – 80.6 –

82 33

599 –

26 –

103.7 –

9 17

– –

– –

– –

42

–

–

–

36 7,511 290 173 – 19 11 2 21 1 2

– 543 529 508 – – – – – – –

– 6 23 23 – – – – – – –

– 80.1 90.2 87.6 – – – – – – –

7 19

– –

– –

– –

35 2,154 33 89

– 841 – 1,240

– 17 – 80

– 78.2 – –

59

1,272

120

–

54 268 13 261 114 4 2 554 3 5 42

806 1,073 – 768 1,171 – – 1,016 – – –

94 40 – 26 84 – – 34 – – –

– – – 83.7 – – – 80.2 – – –





Security guards and gaming surveillance officers… Crossing guards……………………………………… Transportation security screeners…………………… Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers…………………… Food preparation and serving related occupations……… Chefs and head cooks………………………………… First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers………………………………… Cooks…………………………………………………… Food preparation workers…………………………… Bartenders……………………………………………… Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food………………………………… Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop……………………………………… Waiters and waitresses……………………………… Food servers, nonrestaurant………………………… Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers………………………..…………… Dishwashers…………………………………………… Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop…………………………………………… Food preparation and serving related workers, all other……………………………………………… Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations………………………………………………… First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers…………………………………… First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers…………… Janitors and building cleaners……………………… Maids and housekeeping cleaners………………… Pest control workers…………………………………… Grounds maintenance workers……………………… Personal care and service occupations………………… First-line supervisors of gaming workers…………… First-line supervisors of personal service workers… Animal trainers………………………………………… Nonfarm animal caretakers…………………………… Gaming services workers…………………………… Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers………… Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers……………………………………… Embalmers and funeral attendents………………… Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors……… Barbers………………………………………………… Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists……… Miscellaneous personal appearance workers……… Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges………… Tour and travel guides………………………………… Childcare workers……………………………………… Personal care aides……………………………………

Women



742 17 18

$528 – –

$14 – –

55 4,164 318

472 410 562

415 1,240 432 209




138 9 6

$501 – –

$20 – –

66 3 21

24 1,975 56

– 389 462

– 4 49

491 389 383 460

15 5 8 22

245 408 241 112

451 361 357 421

21 6 12 18

166

382

16

109

368

31

56 891 112

350 411 456

18 7 27

40 569 63

– 396 434

– 8 40

137 127

370 345

13 13

67 21

366 –

15 –

59

391

19

44

–

–

1

–

–

–

–

–

3,430

465

6

1,156

407

4

159

569

19

72

505

22

109 1,514 791 62 795 2,241 92 83 11 78 74 10

745 484 399 571 455 468 752 600 – 414 604 –

25 7 5 29 14 9 48 29 – 17 34 –

4 380 668 3 29 1,637 34 53 8 57 38 5

– 408 395 – – 428 – 518 – 417 – –

– 8 6 – – 8 – 19 – 17 – –

61 8 23 57 294 154 49 20 425 549

470 – – 466 473 427 – – 390 422

40 – – 67 18 42 – – 9 8

26 2 3 15 272 123 7 8 395 450

– – – – 468 430 – – 386 412

– – – – 20 50 – – 9 8


20




Security guards and gaming surveillance officers… Crossing guards……………………………………… Transportation security screeners…………………… Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers…………………… Food preparation and serving related occupations……… Chefs and head cooks………………………………… First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers………………………………… Cooks…………………………………………………… Food preparation workers…………………………… Bartenders……………………………………………… Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food………………………………… Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop……………………………………… Waiters and waitresses……………………………… Food servers, nonrestaurant………………………… Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers………………………..…………… Dishwashers…………………………………………… Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop…………………………………………… Food preparation and serving related workers, all other……………………………………………… Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations………………………………………………… First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers…………………………………… First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers…………… Janitors and building cleaners……………………… Maids and housekeeping cleaners………………… Pest control workers…………………………………… Grounds maintenance workers……………………… Personal care and service occupations………………… First-line supervisors of gaming workers…………… First-line supervisors of personal service workers… Animal trainers………………………………………… Nonfarm animal caretakers…………………………… Gaming services workers…………………………… Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers………… Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers……………………………………… Embalmers and funeral attendents………………… Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors……… Barbers………………………………………………… Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists……… Miscellaneous personal appearance workers……… Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges………… Tour and travel guides………………………………… Childcare workers……………………………………… Personal care aides……………………………………




603 8 12

$537 – –

$15 – –

93.3 – –

32 2,189 261

– 433 582

– 8 19

– 89.8 79.4

170 833 191 97

561 403 408 520

25 6 11 47

80.4 89.6 87.5 81.0

57

406

30

90.6

17 322 49

– 456 –

– 24 –

– 86.8 –

70 106

374 337

26 15

97.9 –

15

–

–

–

1

–

–

–

2,275

501

5

81.2

88

687

37

73.5

105 1,134 123 59 766 603 59 30 4 21 36 5

748 511 425 570 452 569 864 – – – – –

29 8 24 28 15 27 58 – – – – –

– 79.8 92.9 – – 75.2 – – – – – –

35 6 19 42 22 31 41 12 31 99

– – – – – – – – – 465

– – – – – – – – – 16

– – – – – – – – – 88.6





174 Recreation and fitness workers……………………… Residential advisors…………………………………… 48 Personal care and service workers, all other……… 32 Sales and office occupations………………………………… 23,115 Sales and related occupations…………………………… 9,433 First-line supervisors of retail sales workers……… 2,295 First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers… 791 Cashiers………………………………………………… 1,348 Counter and rental clerks…………………………… 96 Parts salespersons…………………………………… 88 Retail salespersons…………………………………… 1,842 Advertising sales agents……………………………… 191 Insurance sales agents……………………………… 389 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents………………………………………… 220 Travel agents…………………………………………… 44 Sales representatives, services, all other…………… 415 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing………………………………………… 1,091 Models, demonstrators, and product promoters…… 18 Real estate brokers and sales agents……………… 328 Sales engineers……………………………………… 26 Telemarketers………………………………………… 65 Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, d and d related l t d workers……………………… k 43 Sales and related workers, all other………………… 144 Office and administrative support occupations………… 13,683 First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers……………………………………… 1,274 Switchboard operators, including answering service………………………………………………… 28 Telephone operators………………………………… 35 Communications equipment operators, all other…… 8 Bill and account collectors…………………………… 183 Billing and posting clerks……………………………… 394 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks……… 857 Gaming cage workers………………………………… 6 Payroll and timekeeping clerks……………………… 126 Procurement clerks…………………………………… 26 Tellers…………………………………………………… 268 Financial clerks, all other……………………………… 44 Brokerage clerks……………………………………… 5 Correspondence clerks……………………………… 6 Court, municipal, and license clerks………………… 77 Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks…………… 42 Customer service representatives…………………… 1,535 Eligibility interviewers, government programs……… 78 File clerks……………………………………………… 204 Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks………………… 73 Interviewers, except eligibility and loan……………… 104 Library assistants, clerical…………………………… 34 Loan interviewers and clerks………………………… 133 New accounts clerks………………………………… 22 Order clerks…………………………………………… 90

Women



$575 – – 655 689 711 1,045 376 495 643 576 909 827

$26 – – 3 8 11 21 5 22 37 13 47 35

1,131 – 935




102 27 13 13,914 4,005 977 220 941 42 9 707 91 191

$542 – – 610 521 598 847 368 – – 436 842 641

$25 – – 2 6 9 27 6 – – 15 57 41

86 – 30

64 33 130

862 – 825

69 – 52

1,064 – 789 – 464

34 – 99 – 80

285 12 194 1 29

822 – 680 – –

33 – 57 – –

– 785 643

– 54 3

16 62 9,909

– 653 629

– 48 3

795

13

858

760

11

– – – 640 627 677 – 702 – 497 – – – 699 – 608 769 645 522 593 – 692 – 561

– – – 17 14 11 – 23 – 8 – – – 63 – 8 44 15 40 22 – 18 – 40

20 30 4 122 347 755 5 116 11 238 32 1 4 63 31 1,033 61 159 44 91 28 107 15 53

– – – 633 615 672 – 707 – 499 – – – 693 – 585 730 635 – 581 – 682 – 595

– – – 15 13 11 – 22 – 9 – – – 54 – 8 40 18 – 23 – 17 – 64


22







71 21 19 9,202 5,428 1,317 571 407 54 79 1,135 100 197

$675 – – 768 838 792 1,130 400 591 661 678 945 1,026

$68 – – 6 12 18 23 12 22 60 21 51 53

80.3 – – 79.4 62.2 75.5 75.0 92.0 – – 64.3 89.1 62.5

156 11 286

1,247 – 992

59 – 54

69.1 – 83.2

806 6 134 25 35

1,161 – 1,031 – –

27 – 58 – –

70.8 – 66.0 – –

27 81 3,774

– 996 700

– 85 9

– 65.6 89.9

416

895

23

84.9

8 5 4 61 47 102 2 9 15 30 12 4 2 14 10 502 17 44 29 13 6 26 7 37

– – – 681 – 740 – – – – – – – – – 684 – – – – – – – –

– – – 51 – 39 – – – – – – – – – 21 – – – – – – – –

– – – 93.0 – 90.8 – – – – – – – – – 85.5 – – – – – – – –

Recreation and fitness workers……………………… Residential advisors…………………………………… Personal care and service workers, all other……… Sales and office occupations………………………………… Sales and related occupations…………………………… First-line supervisors of retail sales workers……… First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers… Cashiers………………………………………………… Counter and rental clerks…………………………… Parts salespersons…………………………………… Retail salespersons…………………………………… Advertising sales agents……………………………… Insurance sales agents……………………………… Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents………………………………………… Travel agents…………………………………………… Sales representatives, services, all other…………… Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing………………………………………… Models, demonstrators, and product promoters…… Real estate brokers and sales agents……………… Sales engineers……………………………………… Telemarketers………………………………………… Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, d and d related l t d workers……………………… k Sales and related workers, all other………………… Office and administrative support occupations………… First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers……………………………………… Switchboard operators, including answering service………………………………………………… Telephone operators………………………………… Communications equipment operators, all other…… Bill and account collectors…………………………… Billing and posting clerks……………………………… Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks……… Gaming cage workers………………………………… Payroll and timekeeping clerks……………………… Procurement clerks…………………………………… Tellers…………………………………………………… Financial clerks, all other……………………………… Brokerage clerks……………………………………… Correspondence clerks……………………………… Court, municipal, and license clerks………………… Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks…………… Customer service representatives…………………… Eligibility interviewers, government programs……… File clerks……………………………………………… Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks………………… Interviewers, except eligibility and loan……………… Library assistants, clerical…………………………… Loan interviewers and clerks………………………… New accounts clerks………………………………… Order clerks…………………………………………… See note at end of table.




Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping…………………………………………… Receptionists and information clerks………………… Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks……………………..…………………… Information and record clerks, all other……………… Cargo and freight agents……………………………… Couriers and messengers…………………………… Dispatchers…………………………………………… Meter readers, utilities………………………………… Postal service clerks………………………………… Postal service mail carriers…………………………… Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators……………………… Production, planning, and expediting clerks………… Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks……………… Stock clerks and order fillers………………………… Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping………………………………………… Secretaries and administrative assistants………… Computer operators…………………………………… Data entry keyers……………………………………… Word processors and typists………………………… Desktop publishers…………………………………… I Insurance claims l i and d policy li processing i clerks…… l k Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service………………………………… Office clerks, general………………………………… Office machine operators, except computer………… Proofreaders and copy markers……………………… Statistical assistants…………………………………… Office and administrative support workers, all other…………………………………………………… Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations………………………………………………… Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations……………… First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers……………………………………. Agricultural inspectors………………………………… Animal breeders……………………………………… Graders and sorters, agricultural products………… Miscellaneous agricultural workers………………… Fishers and related fishing workers………………… Hunters and trappers………………………………… Forest and conservation workers…………………… Logging workers……………………………………… Construction and extraction occupations………………… First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers …………………………… Boilermakers…………………………………………… Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons…… Carpenters……………………………………………… Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………

Women



105 831

$759 531

$35 12

99 87 21 139 252 25 137 279

738 661 – 737 648 – 980 990

56 242 458 936




88 758

$724 524

$37 9

39 102 – 32 34 – 11 18

54 73 5 19 159 5 73 93

634 677 – – 605 – 910 907

38 56 – – 17 – 34 33

891 858 556 505

38 42 23 8

23 131 125 310

– 765 522 484

– 28 11 14

64 2,251 87 259 90 3 226

638 669 785 591 624 – 643

33 7 31 13 27 – 18

29 2,146 45 202 82 – 182

– 665 – 586 622 – 631

– 7 – 14 22 – 21

72 798 34 5 25

580 601 – – –

41 9 – – –

27 667 16 4 14

– 600 – – –

– 9 – – –

452

707

18

349

686

19

9,968 777

740 435

6 10

389 166

550 377

23 14

39 17 1 108 560 8 2 5 37 5,102

– – – 410 426 – – – – 740

– – – 14 9 – – – – 10

5 5 – 70 81 1 2 – 2 98

– – – 396 350 – – – – 723

– – – 17 11 – – – – 41

488 23 94 750 84

1,019 – 641 675 599

26 – 93 18 29

13 – – 7 1

– – – – –

– – – – –


24




Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping…………………………………………… Receptionists and information clerks………………… Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks……………………..…………………… Information and record clerks, all other……………… Cargo and freight agents……………………………… Couriers and messengers…………………………… Dispatchers…………………………………………… Meter readers, utilities………………………………… Postal service clerks………………………………… Postal service mail carriers…………………………… Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators……………………… Production, planning, and expediting clerks………… Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks……………… Stock clerks and order fillers………………………… Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping………………………………………… Secretaries and administrative assistants………… Computer operators…………………………………… Data entry keyers……………………………………… Word processors and typists………………………… Desktop publishers…………………………………… I Insurance claims l i and d policy li processing i clerks…… l k Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service………………………………… Office clerks, general………………………………… Office machine operators, except computer………… Proofreaders and copy markers……………………… Statistical assistants…………………………………… Office and administrative support workers, all other…………………………………………………… Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations………………………………………………… Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations……………… First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers……………………………………. Agricultural inspectors………………………………… Animal breeders……………………………………… Graders and sorters, agricultural products………… Miscellaneous agricultural workers………………… Fishers and related fishing workers………………… Hunters and trappers………………………………… Forest and conservation workers…………………… Logging workers……………………………………… Construction and extraction occupations………………… First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers …………………………… Boilermakers…………………………………………… Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons…… Carpenters……………………………………………… Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………




17 73

– $604

– $33

– 86.8

45 15 15 120 94 21 64 186

– – – 744 796 – 1,000 1,026

– – – 29 71 – 14 19

– – – – 76.0 – 91.0 88.4

33 111 333 625

– 946 577 516

– 28 17 10

– 80.9 90.5 93.8

35 105 42 57 8 3 44

– 803 – 611 – – –

– 60 – 35 – – –

– 82.8 – 95.9 – – –

44 131 18 1 11

– 607 – – –

– 19 – – –

– 98.8 – – –

103

788

34

87.1

9,579 611

749 457

6 12

73.4 82.5

34 12 1 37 478 8 – 5 36 5,004

– – – – 444 – – – – 741

– – – – 12 – – – – 10

– – – – 78.8 – – – – 97.6

475 23 94 743 83

1,018 – 641 673 603

25 – 93 19 29

– – – – –





Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers……………………………………… Construction laborers………………………………… Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators……………………………………………… Pile-driver operators…………………………………… Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators………………………………… Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers… Electricians…………………………………………… Glaziers………………………………………………… Insulation workers……………………………………… Painters, construction and maintenance…………… Paperhangers………………………………………… Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters… Plasterers and stucco masons……………………… Reinforcing iron and rebar workers………………… Roofers………………………………………………… Sheet metal workers………………………………… Structural iron and steel workers…………………… Solar photovoltaic installers………………………… Helpers, construction trades………………………… Construction and building inspectors……………… Elevator installers and repairers……………………… F Fence erectors………………………………………… t Hazardous materials removal workers……………… Highway maintenance workers……………………… Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators……………………………………………… Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners…… Miscellaneous construction and related workers…… Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining………………………………… Earth drillers, except oil and gas…………………… Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters…………………………………………… Mining machine operators…………………………… Roof bolters, mining…………………………………… Roustabouts, oil and gas……………………………… Helpers—extraction workers………………………… Other extraction workers……………………………… Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations……… First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers………………………………………… Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers……………………………………………… Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers……………………………… Avionics technicians…………………………………… Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers…… Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment……………… Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility………………………………………………

Women Number of workers (in thousands)



53 937

$601 607

$36 9

– 24

– –

– –

15 2

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

321 94 574 38 33 261 2 436 14 8 123 103 60 4 42 87 31 26 28 98

805 568 932 – – 568 – 878 – – 533 885 759 – – 932 – – – 683

22 36 23 – – 29 – 25 – – 48 54 62 – – 88 – – – 40

5 – 11 – – 8 – 6 – – 2 3 1 – 1 4 1 – 4 1

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

7 6 24

– – –

– – –

– – 1

– – –

– – –

32 28

– –

– –

1 –

– –

– –

5 65 4 16 3 84 4,088

– 997 – – – 985 808

– 37 – – – 33 7

– – 1 – 1 125

– – – – – – $757

– – – – – – $37

280

936

25

17

–

–

218

854

60

26

–

–

142 10 37

885 – –

46 – –

10 3 –

– – –

– – –

5

–

–

–

–

–

10

–

–

–

–

–




26




Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers……………………………………… Construction laborers………………………………… Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators……………………………………………… Pile-driver operators…………………………………… Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators………………………………… Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers… Electricians…………………………………………… Glaziers………………………………………………… Insulation workers……………………………………… Painters, construction and maintenance…………… Paperhangers………………………………………… Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters… Plasterers and stucco masons……………………… Reinforcing iron and rebar workers………………… Roofers………………………………………………… Sheet metal workers………………………………… Structural iron and steel workers…………………… Solar photovoltaic installers………………………… Helpers, construction trades………………………… Construction and building inspectors……………… Elevator installers and repairers……………………… F Fence erectors………………………………………… t Hazardous materials removal workers……………… Highway maintenance workers……………………… Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators……………………………………………… Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners…… Miscellaneous construction and related workers…… Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining………………………………… Earth drillers, except oil and gas…………………… Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters…………………………………………… Mining machine operators…………………………… Roof bolters, mining…………………………………… Roustabouts, oil and gas……………………………… Helpers—extraction workers………………………… Other extraction workers……………………………… Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations……… First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers………………………………………… Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers……………………………………………… Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers……………………………… Avionics technicians…………………………………… Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers…… Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment……………… Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility………………………………………………




53 913

$601 609

$36 9

– –

15 2

– –

– –

– –

316 94 563 38 32 252 2 430 14 8 121 100 59 4 40 83 29 26 23 97

805 567 929 – – 559 – 876 – – 524 880 767 – – 940 – – – 683

22 37 23 – – 32 – 30 – – 33 58 60 – – 104 – – – 39

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

7 6 23

– – –

– – –

– – –

32 28

– –

– –

– –

5 65 4 15 3 83 3,963

– 996 – – – 981 809

– 37 – – – 32 7

– – – – – – 93.6

262

934

24

–

193

880

51

–

132 7 37

898 – –

44 – –

– – –

5

–

–

–

10

–

–

–





Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles………………………………………… Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers……………………………… Security and fire alarm systems installers………… Aircraft mechanics and service technicians………… Automotive body and related repairers……………… Automotive glass installers and repairers…………… Automotive service technicians and mechanics…… Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists…………………………………………… Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics………………………… Small engine mechanics……………………………… Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers……………… Control and valve installers and repairers………… Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers…………………………… Home appliance repairers…………………………… Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics…… Maintenance and repair workers, general………… Maintenance workers, machinery…………………… Millwrights……………………………………………… El t i l power-line Electrical li iinstallers t ll and d repairers……… i Telecommunications line installers and repairers… Precision instrument and equipment repairers…… Wind turbine service technicians…………………… Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers……………………………… Locksmiths and safe repairers……………………… Manufactured building and mobile home installers… Riggers………………………………………………… Signal and track switch repairers…………………… Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair workers………………………………………………… Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers…………………………………………………


Women





15

–

–

1

–

–

44 34 144 120 17 691

– – $993 619 – 702

– – $42 20 – 15

– – 2 2 – 7

– – – – – –

– – – – – –

271

843

28

1

–

–

174 42

941 –

47 –

3 1

– –

– –

67 25

493 –

22 –

1 1

– –

– –

280 35 424 371 25 50 117 171 44 1

827 – 867 731 – 938 988 915 – –

27 – 26 23 – 109 48 47 – –

4 3 10 6 3 3 2 8 5 –

– – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – –

23 17 4 10 3

– – – – –

– – – – –

1 – – – –

– – – – –

– – – – –

20

–

–

–

–

–

147

677

58

5

–

–

624 627

4 5

2,773 1,930

$493 496

$5 5

917

24

132

674

32

–

–

5

–

–

564 – – 557 474

29 – – 15 23

78 5 2 320 55

520 – – 499 450

22 – – 9 31

507

12

64

417

25

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations………………………………………………… 13,842 Production occupations…………………………………… 7,427 First-line supervisors of production and operating workers…………………………………… 734 Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers…………………………………………… 22 Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers…………………………………………… 155 Engine and other machine assemblers……………… 32 Structural metal fabricators and fitters……………… 19 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators………… 833 Bakers………………………………………………… 121 Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers………………………………… 273 See note at end of table.

28




Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles………………………………………… Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers……………………………… Security and fire alarm systems installers………… Aircraft mechanics and service technicians………… Automotive body and related repairers……………… Automotive glass installers and repairers…………… Automotive service technicians and mechanics…… Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists…………………………………………… Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics………………………… Small engine mechanics……………………………… Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers……………… Control and valve installers and repairers………… Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers…………………………… Home appliance repairers…………………………… Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics…… Maintenance and repair workers, general………… Maintenance workers, machinery…………………… Millwrights……………………………………………… El t i l power-line Electrical li iinstallers t ll and d repairers……… i Telecommunications line installers and repairers… Precision instrument and equipment repairers…… Wind turbine service technicians…………………… Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers……………………………… Locksmiths and safe repairers……………………… Manufactured building and mobile home installers… Riggers………………………………………………… Signal and track switch repairers…………………… Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair workers………………………………………………… Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers…………………………………………………




14

–

–

–

44 34 142 119 17 684

– – $986 618 – 704

– – $41 20 – 15

– – – – – –

271

844

28

–

171 41

942 –

50 –

– –

66 24

496 –

21 –

– –

276 33 415 364 22 46 115 164 38 1

829 – 871 732 – – 990 910 – –

26 – 24 23 – – 56 46 – –

– – – – – – – – – –

22 17 4 10 3

– – – – –

– – – – –

– – – – –

20

–

–

–

142

671

44

–

675 695

5 6

73.0 71.4

954

17

70.6

–

–

–

620 – – 606 501

30 – – 12 39

83.9 – – 82.3 89.8

537

19

77.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations………………………………………………… 11,069 Production occupations…………………………………… 5,497 First-line supervisors of production and operating workers…………………………………… 601 Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers…………………………………………… 17 Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers…………………………………………… 77 Engine and other machine assemblers……………… 26 Structural metal fabricators and fitters……………… 17 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators………… 513 Bakers………………………………………………… 65 Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers………………………………… 208 See note at end of table.




Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders…………………… Food batchmakers…………………………………… Food cooking machine operators and tenders……… Food processing workers, all other………………… Computer control programmers and operators…… Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………… Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………………………………… Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………………………………… Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………… Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………… Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………………………………………………… Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………………… Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………………… Machinists……………………………………………… M t l ffurnace operators, Metal t ttenders, d pourers, and d casters……………………………………………… Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic………………………………………………… Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………… Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………………… Tool and die makers…………………………………… Welding, soldering, and brazing workers…………… Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………………… Layout workers, metal and plastic…………………… Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………………… Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners………………… Metal workers and plastic workers, all other……… Prepress technicians and workers…………………… Printing press operators……………………………… Print binding and finishing workers………………… Laundry and dry-cleaning workers…………………… Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials… Sewing machine operators…………………………… Shoe and leather workers and repairers…………… Shoe machine operators and tenders……………… Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers…………………… Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders…………………………………………… Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders…………………………………………………

Women Number of workers (in thousands)



10 59 13 90 67

– $512 – 529 710

– $23 – 30 27

4 32 4 23 5

– – – – –

– – – – –

10

–

–

3

–

–

10

–

–

–

–

–

7

–

–

–

–

–

80

556

38

15

–

–

3

–

–

1

–

–

53

588

25

5

–

–

15

–

–

4

–

–

3 381

– 760

– 19

– 16

– –

– –

12

–

–

1

–

–

7

–

–

1

–

–

38

–

–

9

–

–

7 51 551

– 1,005 712

– 44 15

– – 26

– – –

– – –

5 6

– –

– –

– –

– –

– –

16 2 374 23 167 17 123 41 127 5 10 42

– – 618 – 628 – 410 – 385 – – –

– – 15 – 31 – 12 – 18 – – –

2 – 70 9 28 9 66 29 86 2 5 30

– – $544 – – – 359 – 369 – – –

– – $30 – – – 14 – 11 – – –

5

–

–

1

–

–

9

–

–

4

–

–




30




Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders…………………… Food batchmakers…………………………………… Food cooking machine operators and tenders……… Food processing workers, all other………………… Computer control programmers and operators…… Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………… Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………………………………… Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………………………………… Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………… Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………… Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………………………………………………… Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………………… Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………………… Machinists……………………………………………… M t l ffurnace operators, Metal t ttenders, d pourers, and d casters……………………………………………… Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic………………………………………………… Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………… Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………………… Tool and die makers…………………………………… Welding, soldering, and brazing workers…………… Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………………… Layout workers, metal and plastic…………………… Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………………… Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners………………… Metal workers and plastic workers, all other……… Prepress technicians and workers…………………… Printing press operators……………………………… Print binding and finishing workers………………… Laundry and dry-cleaning workers…………………… Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials… Sewing machine operators…………………………… Shoe and leather workers and repairers…………… Shoe machine operators and tenders……………… Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers…………………… Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders…………………………………………… Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders…………………………………………………




5 27 9 67 62

– – – $549 728

– – – $32 62

– – – – –

7

–

–

–

10

–

–

–

7

–

–

–

65

575

57

–

2

–

–

–

48

–

–

–

11

–

–

–

3 366

– 762

– 19

– –

12

–

–

–

6

–

–

–

30

–

–

–

7 51 525

– 1,005 722

– 44 14

– – –

5 6

– –

– –

– –

13 2 304 14 139 8 57 12 41 3 5 12

– – 645 – 666 – 462 – – – – –

– – 25 – 34 – 32 – – – – –

– – 84.3 – – – 77.7 – – – – –

5

–

–

–

5

–

–

–





Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders……………………………… Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders………… Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers…………… Fabric and apparel patternmakers…………………… Upholsterers…………………………………………… Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other… Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters……………… Furniture finishers……………………………………… Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood………………………………………… Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing…………………………….. Woodworkers, all other……………………………… Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers…………………………………………… Stationary engineers and boiler operators………… Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators…………………………………… Miscellaneous plant and system operators………… Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders……………………………… C hi Crushing, grinding, i di polishing, li hi mixing, i i and d blending workers…………………………………… Cutting workers………………………………………… Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders………… Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders…………………………………………… Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers……………………………………………… Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers… Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians…………………………………………… Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders………………………………………………… Painting workers……………………………………… Photographic process workers and processing machine operators…………………………………… Semiconductor processors…………………………… Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders… Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders………………… Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders………………………………………………… Etchers and engravers………………………………… Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic…………………………………………… Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders………………………………………………… Tire builders……………………………………………


Women





6

–

–

5

–

–

15

–

–

5

–

–

2 1 14 16 35 5

– – – – – –

– – – – – –

– 1 1 10 2 2

– – – – – –

– – – – – –

26

–

–

1

–

–

21 12

– –

– –

3 –

– –

– –

43 105

– $830

– $41

2 6

– –

– –

70 35

862 –

44 –

3 4

– –

– –

72

851

158

10

–

–

86 60

628 524

36 44

12 11

– –

– –

38

–

–

10

–

–

14

–

–

1

–

–

621 22

729 –

21 –

206 9

$570 –

$26 –

76

585

52

42

–

–

242 135

481 626

18 20

131 24

431 –

17 –

39 6 8

– – –

– – –

15 3 2

– – –

– – –

8

–

–

1

–

–

2 4

– –

– –

1 1

– –

– –

26

–

–

5

–

–

32 17

– –

– –

9 3

– –

– –


32




Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders……………………………… Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders………… Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers…………… Fabric and apparel patternmakers…………………… Upholsterers…………………………………………… Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other… Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters……………… Furniture finishers……………………………………… Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood………………………………………… Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing…………………………….. Woodworkers, all other……………………………… Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers…………………………………………… Stationary engineers and boiler operators………… Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators…………………………………… Miscellaneous plant and system operators………… Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders……………………………… C hi Crushing, grinding, i di polishing, li hi mixing, i i and d blending workers…………………………………… Cutting workers………………………………………… Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders………… Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders…………………………………………… Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers……………………………………………… Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers… Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians…………………………………………… Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders………………………………………………… Painting workers……………………………………… Photographic process workers and processing machine operators…………………………………… Semiconductor processors…………………………… Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders… Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders………………… Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders………………………………………………… Etchers and engravers………………………………… Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic…………………………………………… Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders………………………………………………… Tire builders……………………………………………




–

–

–

–

10

–

–

–

2 – 12 6 34 3

– – – – – –

– – – – – –

– – – – – –

25

–

–

–

18 12

– –

– –

– –

41 99

– $831

– $41

– –

67 31

870 –

41 –

– –

62

890

65

–

74 49

651 –

35 –

– –

28

–

–

–

12

–

–

–

416 13

824 –

31 –

69.2 –

35

–

–

–

111 111

553 654

19 27

77.9 –

24 2 6

– – –

– – –

– – –

7

–

–

–

1 3

– –

– –

– –

21

–

–

–

23 14

– –

– –

– –




Women




40 849 6,415

– $584 621

– $11 5

189 90

812 1,440

47 59

Helpers—production workers………………………… Production workers, all other………………………… Transportation and material moving occupations……… Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers………………………………………………… Aircraft pilots and flight engineers…………………… Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists…………………………………………… Flight attendants……………………………………… Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians…………………… Bus drivers……………………………………………… Driver/sales workers and truck drivers……………… Taxi drivers and chauffeurs…………………………… Motor vehicle operators, all other…………………… Locomotive engineers and operators……………… Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators……… Railroad conductors and yardmasters……………… Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers………………………………………………… Sailors and marine oilers……………………………… Ship and boat captains and operators……………… Ship engineers………………………………………… Bridge and lock tenders……………………………… P ki llott attendants………………………………… Parking tt d t Automotive and watercraft service attendants……… Transportation inspectors…………………………… Transportation attendants, except flight attendants Other transportation workers………………………… Conveyor operators and tenders…………………… Crane and tower operators…………………………… Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators……………………………………………… Hoist and winch operators…………………………… Industrial truck and tractor operators………………… Cleaners of vehicles and equipment………………… Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand…………………………………………………… Machine feeders and offbearers……………………… Packers and packagers, hand……………………… Pumping station operators…………………………… Refuse and recyclable material collectors………… Mine shuttle car operators…………………………… Tank car, truck, and ship loaders…………………… Material moving workers, all other……………………




13 223 843

– $504 487

– $19 8

60 133

42 4

– –

– –

– 775

– 37

3 42

– –

– –

16 302 2,533 183 35 44 9 46

– 601 730 554 – – – –

– 19 9 39 – – – –

3 126 101 22 7 2 – 2

– 516 537 – – – – –

– 33 33 – – – – –

12 15 29 5 8 50 67 29 23 14 3 61

– – – – – 404 428 – – – – 753

– – – – – 22 43 – – – – 101

– 1 1 – – 5 4 4 15 1 2 3

– – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – – – –

32 5 498 217

– – 562 425

– – 18 18

1 – 31 30

– – – –

– – – –

1,322 26 306 21 75 1 3 40

510 – 404 – 501 – – –

7 – 10 – 44 – – –

218 8 160 1 3 – – 1

476 – 394 – – – – –

18 – 10 – – – – –


34







26 626 5,572

– $619 650

– $15 7

– 81.4 74.9

146 86

873 1,444

47 120

– –

44 16

– –

– –

– –

13 177 2,433 161 28 42 9 45

– 652 736 572 – – – –

– 17 9 39 – – – –

– 79.1 73.0 – – – – –

12 14 28 5 8 45 63 25 8 13 1 58

– – – – – – 453 – – – – 777

– – – – – – 49 – – – – 112

– – – – – – – – – – – –

31 5 467 187

– – 566 431

– – 17 24

– – – –

1,103 18 146 20 71 1 3 39

519 – 426 – 497 – – –

8 – 24 – 51 – – –

91.7 – 92.5 – – – – –

Helpers—production workers………………………… Production workers, all other………………………… Transportation and material moving occupations……… Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers………………………………………………… Aircraft pilots and flight engineers…………………… Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists…………………………………………… Flight attendants……………………………………… Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians…………………… Bus drivers……………………………………………… Driver/sales workers and truck drivers……………… Taxi drivers and chauffeurs…………………………… Motor vehicle operators, all other…………………… Locomotive engineers and operators……………… Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators……… Railroad conductors and yardmasters……………… Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers………………………………………………… Sailors and marine oilers……………………………… Ship and boat captains and operators……………… Ship engineers………………………………………… Bridge and lock tenders……………………………… P ki llott attendants………………………………… Parking tt d t Automotive and watercraft service attendants……… Transportation inspectors…………………………… Transportation attendants, except flight attendants Other transportation workers………………………… Conveyor operators and tenders…………………… Crane and tower operators…………………………… Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators……………………………………………… Hoist and winch operators…………………………… Industrial truck and tractor operators………………… Cleaners of vehicles and equipment………………… Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand…………………………………………………… Machine feeders and offbearers……………………… Packers and packagers, hand……………………… Pumping station operators…………………………… Refuse and recyclable material collectors………… Mine shuttle car operators…………………………… Tank car, truck, and ship loaders…………………… Material moving workers, all other……………………

Note: Median earnings not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percent of men's not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state and sex, 2012 annual averages Both sexes State


United States.................................... 102,749

Women






$768

$2

45,462

$691

$3

Alabama........................................ Alaska........................................... Arizona.......................................... Arkansas....................................... California.......................................

1,522 248 1,969 971 11,570

724 888 732 651 820

14 16 9 15 10

683 110 878 438 4,890

620 757 670 603 754

15 14 14 10 9

Colorado........................................ Connecticut................................... Delaware....................................... District of Columbia....................... Florida...........................................

1,714 1,178 309 276 6,299

850 988 807 1,102 735

18 22 20 37 6

725 519 146 138 2,992

750 868 737 1,072 676

15 29 20 43 9

Georgia......................................... Hawaii........................................... Idaho............................................. Illinois............................................ Indiana..........................................

3,287 430 478 4,368 2,158

737 753 706 809 716

13 14 13 11 14

1,503 192 187 1,958 936

640 689 614 708 632

17 16 11 13 16

Iowa............................................... Kansas.......................................... Kentucky....................................... Louisiana....................................... Maine............................................

1,096 988 1,414 1,449 423

744 738 663 676 741

14 14 12 18 13

491 428 644 637 191

654 649 596 573 654

17 14 13 17 25

Maryland....................................... Massachusetts.............................. Michigan........................................ Mi Minnesota...................................... t Mississippi.....................................

2,198 2,167 2,876 1 897 1,897 922

921 935 783 865 677

20 12 14 15 14

1,056 980 1,237 816 413

842 840 687 779 582

23 19 18 23 19

Missouri......................................... Montana........................................ Nebraska....................................... Nevada.......................................... New Hampshire............................

2,013 293 680 897 478

750 658 728 690 883

18 21 14 11 21

913 137 312 399 214

660 566 663 620 772

19 18 17 10 24

New Jersey................................... New Mexico................................... New York....................................... North Carolina............................... North Dakota.................................

3,142 614 6,513 3,124 266

935 737 819 727 735

13 17 10 10 12

1,425 274 2,951 1,392 116

818 645 746 641 651

26 25 9 13 12

Ohio............................................... Oklahoma...................................... Oregon.......................................... Pennsylvania................................. Rhode Island.................................

3,662 1,299 1,144 4,320 342

739 695 823 774 796

9 11 19 8 21

1,589 570 480 1,898 158

664 631 756 694 733

10 15 17 11 23

South Carolina.............................. South Dakota................................ Tennessee.................................... Texas............................................ Utah...............................................

1,462 282 2,125 8,904 879

669 664 675 718 760

15 10 12 7 14

677 129 922 3,852 326

603 604 611 633 661

17 9 12 9 18

Vermont......................................... Virginia.......................................... Washington................................... West Virginia................................. Wisconsin..................................... Wyoming.......................................

216 2,974 2,204 574 1,929 207

767 846 870 740 783 808

16 17 21 14 16 17

96 1,335 935 257 833 81

692 756 746 614 696 645

19 21 20 14 25 22


36


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued) Men Women's earnings as a percent of men's



United States......................................

57,286

$854

$4

80.9

Alabama.......................................... Alaska.............................................. Arizona............................................ Arkansas......................................... California.........................................

839 138 1,090 534 6,680

812 1,025 772 717 877

27 27 18 21 12

76.4 73.9 86.8 84.1 86.0

Colorado.......................................... Connecticut..................................... Delaware......................................... District of Columbia......................... Florida.............................................

989 659 163 138 3,307

958 1,127 888 1,131 796

24 40 36 38 13

78.3 77.0 83.0 94.8 84.9

Georgia............................................ Hawaii.............................................. Idaho............................................... Illinois.............................................. Indiana.............................................

1,784 238 291 2,411 1,221

838 839 785 895 809

26 35 15 16 19

76.4 82.1 78.2 79.1 78.1

Iowa................................................. Kansas............................................ Kentucky.......................................... Louisiana......................................... Maine...............................................

605 560 770 812 232

823 825 733 796 823

20 22 18 20 25

79.5 78.7 81.3 72.0 79.5

Maryland.......................................... Massachusetts................................ Michigan.......................................... Mi Minnesota........................................ t Mississippi.......................................

1,141 1,187 1,639 1 081 1,081 509

988 1,040 889 948 776

27 28 20 24 23

85.2 80.8 77.3 82 2 82.2 75.0

Missouri........................................... Montana.......................................... Nebraska......................................... Nevada............................................ New Hampshire...............................

1,099 156 369 497 264

841 733 787 768 975

30 23 21 19 29

78.5 77.2 84.2 80.7 79.2

New Jersey...................................... New Mexico..................................... New York......................................... North Carolina................................. North Dakota...................................

1,717 340 3,562 1,732 149

1,030 802 900 792 834

25 22 14 13 23

79.4 80.4 82.9 80.9 78.1

Ohio................................................. Oklahoma........................................ Oregon............................................ Pennsylvania................................... Rhode Island...................................

2,073 729 664 2,423 184

802 760 901 849 886

15 16 28 13 42

82.8 83.0 83.9 81.7 82.7

South Carolina................................. South Dakota................................... Tennessee...................................... Texas............................................... Utah.................................................

785 153 1,203 5,051 552

724 737 740 795 870

18 16 15 15 25

83.3 82.0 82.6 79.6 76.0

Vermont........................................... Virginia............................................ Washington..................................... West Virginia................................... Wisconsin........................................ Wyoming.........................................

120 1,640 1,269 317 1,095 126

859 951 982 846 863 984

29 24 28 28 20 19

80.6 79.5 76.0 72.6 80.6 65.5

State


Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages Both sexes

Characteristic


Women






Age Total, 16 years and older....................................... 16 to 24 years..................................................... 16 to 19 years.................................................. 20 to 24 years.................................................. 25 years and older.............................................. 25 to 34 years.................................................. 35 to 44 years.................................................. 45 to 54 years.................................................. 55 to 64 years.................................................. 65 years and older..........................................

24,614 8,367 3,303 5,065 16,246 4,238 3,308 3,371 3,139 2,190

$233 174 139 202 272 265 293 285 280 236

$1 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 4

16,120 4,710 1,827 2,883 11,409 2,771 2,525 2,638 2,272 1,204

$236 172 135 198 272 267 290 284 281 222

$2 2 3 2 2 4 5 5 6 6

Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White...................................................................... Black or African American..................................... Asian...................................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................

19,892 2,728 1,154 3,822

234 222 250 228

1 3 8 3

13,120 1,742 739 2,306

239 221 258 223

2 3 9 3

11,317 9,850 3,446 1,913 835 698

194 285 252 265 246 224

1 2 3 4 6 7

6,273 7,278 2,569 1,398 583 588

192 284 249 262 242 225

2 3 3 5 8 8

Marital Status Never married........................................................ Married, spouse present........................................ Other marital status................................................ Divorced.............................................................. Separated........................................................... Widowed............................................................. See note at end of table.

38



Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued) Men Women's earnings as Standard a percent of error of men's median



Total, 16 years and older....................................... 16 to 24 years..................................................... 16 to 19 years.................................................. 20 to 24 years.................................................. 25 years and older.............................................. 25 to 34 years.................................................. 35 to 44 years.................................................. 45 to 54 years.................................................. 55 to 64 years.................................................. 65 years and older..........................................

8,494 3,657 1,476 2,181 4,837 1,467 783 733 867 986

$226 178 144 206 273 263 302 292 278 256

$2 2 3 3 3 4 7 12 9 7

104.4 96.6 93.8 96.1 99.6 101.5 96.0 97.3 101.1 86.7

Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White...................................................................... Black or African American..................................... Asian...................................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................

6,771 986 414 1,515

227 225 234 235

2 5 13 4

105.3 98.2 110.3 94.9

5,044 2,572 878 515 252 110

197 288 262 273 255 221

2 4 6 10 11 14

97.5 98.6 95.0 96.0 94.9 101.8

Characteristic

Age

Marital Status Never married........................................................ Married, spouse present........................................ Other marital status................................................ Divorced.............................................................. Separated........................................................... Widowed.............................................................

Note: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex, 2012 annual averages Both sexes

Hours of work


Total, 16 years and older........................................ 127,577

Women



$655

$2




61,679

$572

$2

1 to 34 hours....................................................... 1 to 4 hours...................................................... 5 to 9 hours...................................................... 10 to 14 hours.................................................. 15 to 19 hours.................................................. 20 to 24 hours.................................................. 25 to 29 hours.................................................. 30 to 34 hours..................................................

22,121 518 1,215 1,911 2,708 6,528 3,129 6,112

236 59 74 113 157 215 261 335

1 3 2 1 1 1 2 4

14,596 359 800 1,290 1,809 4,304 2,065 3,969

240 54 81 114 160 222 266 350

2 3 4 2 2 2 3 4

35 or more hours................................................. 35 to 39 hours.................................................. 40 hours........................................................... 41 or more hours............................................. 41 to 44 hours.............................................. 45 to 48 hours.............................................. 49 to 59 hours.............................................. 60 or more hours..........................................

97,235 8,222 68,770 20,243 1,155 5,383 9,145 4,559

775 486 726 1,168 882 1,049 1,247 1,338

2 4 2 6 18 10 8 16

43,356 5,373 31,751 6,232 455 1,940 2,754 1,083

701 501 677 1,059 811 969 1,146 1,173

3 5 3 9 29 14 11 25

Hours vary………………………………………… Usually less than 35 hours…………………… Usually 35 or more hours………………………

8,221 2,493 5,513

419 203 602

6 4 8

3,727 1,524 2,106

319 198 469

5 4 11


40


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued) Men

Hours of work





Total, 16 years and older........................................

65,898

$760

$3

75.3

1 to 34 hours....................................................... 1 to 4 hours...................................................... 5 to 9 hours...................................................... 10 to 14 hours.................................................. 15 to 19 hours.................................................. 20 to 24 hours.................................................. 25 to 29 hours.................................................. 30 to 34 hours..................................................

7,525 160 415 621 899 2,224 1,064 2,143

228 77 68 110 152 203 254 315

2 19 2 2 2 2 3 3

105.3 70.1 119.1 103.6 105.3 109.4 104.7 111.1

35 or more hours................................................. 35 to 39 hours.................................................. 40 hours........................................................... 41 or more hours............................................. 41 to 44 hours.............................................. 45 to 48 hours.............................................. 49 to 59 hours.............................................. 60 or more hours..........................................

53,879 2,849 37,020 14,010 701 3,443 6,391 3,476

863 450 772 1,238 928 1,104 1,312 1,380

4 8 3 8 24 15 21 19

81.2 111.3 87.7 85.5 87.4 87.8 87.3 85.0

Hours vary………………………………………… Usually less than 35 hours…………………… Usually 35 or more hours………………………

4,493 968 3,407

548 212 716

18 6 14

58.2 93.4 65.5

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full full-time time and part part-time time workers workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (In thousands) Number of workers by usual weekly earnings Characteristic

Total employed

Under $150.00

$150.00 to $249.99

$250.00 to $349.99

$350.00 to $499.99

$500.00 to $749.99

$750.00 to $999.99

$1,000.00 to $1,499.00

$1,500.00 or more

Age and Sex Total, 16 years and older.......... 102,749 16 to 24 years........................ 9,030 16 to 19 years.................... 1,019 20 to 24 years.................... 8,011 25 years and older................. 93,719 25 to 34 years.................... 24,585 35 to 44 years.................... 24,084 45 to 54 years.................... 25,345 55 to 64 years.................... 16,518 65 years and older............. 3,186

882 214 65 149 668 159 146 170 119 74

1,346 387 75 312 959 247 228 231 183 70

6,600 1,737 326 1,411 4,863 1,655 1,181 1,198 663 165

15,956 3,069 349 2,721 12,887 4,424 3,081 3,042 1,849 490

23,787 2,275 147 2,128 21,512 6,590 5,220 5,382 3,564 756

17,693 779 36 743 16,914 4,654 4,292 4,562 2,909 497

19,446 451 15 436 18,994 4,401 4,997 5,394 3,684 518

17,038 117 5 111 16,921 2,453 4,940 5,367 3,546 615

Women, 16 years and older...... 16 to 24 years........................ 16 to 19 years.................... 20 to 24 years.................... 25 years and older................. 25 to 34 years.................... 35 to 44 years.................... 45 tto 54 years.................... 55 to 64 years.................... 65 years and older.............

45,462 3,866 415 3,450 41,597 10,617 10,410 11 505 11,505 7,680 1,385

497 124 39 85 373 85 80 111 62 35

785 193 38 155 593 145 147 155 109 37

3,676 838 147 691 2,838 862 717 756 411 93

8,110 1,319 129 1,190 6,791 1,990 1,624 1 808 1,808 1,111 258

11,721 970 50 919 10,751 3,038 2,556 2 857 2,857 1,937 363

8,001 263 10 254 7,738 2,071 1,948 2 092 2,092 1,379 249

7,554 134 3 131 7,420 1,654 1,901 2 131 2,131 1,526 207

5,117 24 – 24 5,093 771 1,438 1 595 1,595 1,144 144

Men, 16 years and older........... 16 to 24 years........................ 16 to 19 years.................... 20 to 24 years.................... 25 years and older................. 25 to 34 years.................... 35 to 44 years.................... 45 to 54 years.................... 55 to 64 years.................... 65 years and older.............

57,286 5,164 603 4,561 52,122 13,968 13,675 13,840 8,838 1,801

385 90 26 64 295 74 66 59 57 39

561 195 38 157 366 102 81 76 74 34

2,924 899 180 719 2,025 793 465 442 253 73

7,846 1,750 220 1,530 6,096 2,434 1,458 1,234 737 233

12,066 1,306 97 1,209 10,760 3,552 2,664 2,525 1,626 393

9,692 516 26 490 9,176 2,584 2,344 2,470 1,531 248

11,892 317 12 305 11,575 2,747 3,095 3,262 2,158 311

11,921 92 5 87 11,829 1,682 3,502 3,772 2,402 471


42


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued) (In thousands) Number of workers by usual weekly earnings Characteristic

Total employed

Under $150.00

$150.00 to $249.99

$250.00 to $349.99

$350.00 to $499.99

$500.00 to $749.99

$750.00 to $999.99

$1,000.00 to $1,499.00

$1,500.00 or more

Race, Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, and Sex White..................................... Women.............................. Men....................................

81,779 35,108 46,672

699 397 302

954 557 398

4,854 2,623 2,231

11,919 5,956 5,963

18,769 9,054 9,715

14,335 6,337 7,998

16,004 6,070 9,934

14,246 4,115 10,131

Black or African American..... Women.............................. Men....................................

12,230 6,474 5,756

116 60 57

276 160 116

1,159 707 452

2,611 1,470 1,141

3,246 1,748 1,498

2,018 1,057 961

1,762 811 951

1,042 461 581

Asian..................................... Women.............................. Men....................................

5,790 2,560 3,231

36 24 12

73 50 24

320 188 131

795 393 403

1,051 551 500

847 408 439

1,223 487 735

1,445 458 988

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.... Women.............................. Men....................................

16,302 6,414 9,887

174 88 86

320 169 151

2,107 1,023 1,084

4,101 1,670 2,430

4,304 1,691 2,613

2,271 798 1,473

1,898 654 1,245

1,127 321 806

Note: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U U.S. S Bureau of Labor Statistics Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2012 annual averages




Total, all marital statuses………………………………………… With children under 18 years…………………………………… With children 6 to 17 years, none younger………………… With children under 6 years………………………………… With no children under 18 years………………………………

45,462 16,415 9,864 6,551 29,047

$691 680 698 653 697

$3 4 6 7 3

Total, married, spouse present…………………………………… With children under 18 years…………………………………… With children 6 to 17 years, none younger………………… With children under 6 years………………………………… With no children under 18 years………………………………

23,718 10,763 6,338 4,425 12,955

751 754 746 765 748

3 4 6 7 4

Total, other marital statuses1……………………………………. With children under 18 years…………………………………… With children 6 to 17 years, none younger………………… With children under 6 years………………………………… With no children under 18 years………………………………

21,745 5,652 3,526 2,126 16,092

625 559 614 490 654

3 6 7 5 4

Total, all marital statuses………………………………………… With children hild under d 18 years…………………………………… With children 6 to 17 years, none younger………………… With children under 6 years………………………………… With no children under 18 years………………………………

57,286 21 227 21,227 11,317 9,910 36,059

854 946 1,004 880 799

4 5 7 8 4

Total, married, spouse present…………………………………… With children under 18 years…………………………………… With children 6 to 17 years, none younger………………… With children under 6 years………………………………… With no children under 18 years………………………………

34,370 18,681 10,105 8,576 15,689

981 988 1,035 935 973

4 6 10 8 6

Total, other marital statuses1……………………………………. With children under 18 years…………………………………… With children 6 to 17 years, none younger………………… With children under 6 years………………………………… With no children under 18 years………………………………

22,916 2,546 1,213 1,333 20,370

685 673 790 595 687

4 10 17 9 4

Characteristic

Women

Men

1

Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.

Note: Children refer to own children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

44


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages Both sexes

Characteristic


Age Total, 16 years and older....................................... 16 to 24 years.................................................... 16 to 19 years................................................. 20 to 24 years................................................. 25 years and older............................................. 25 to 34 years................................................. 35 to 44 years................................................. 45 to 54 years................................................. 55 to 64 years................................................. 65 years and older..........................................

Median hourly earnings

Women Standard error of median




75,276 14,909 4,044 10,865 60,367 17,167 14,383 15,169 10,642 3,006

$12.80 9.05 8.10 9.70 14.25 12.82 14.86 15.07 15.39 12.21

$0.03 .02 .02 .05 .05 .06 .04 .04 .15 .11

38,163 7,455 2,122 5,333 30,708 8,090 7,243 8,034 5,745 1,597

$11.99 8.78 8.02 9.17 13.17 12.15 13.46 13.80 14.36 11.84

$0.03 .03 .03 .03 .05 .05 .14 .10 .14 .11

59,180 10,049 3,403 14,404

13.04 11.84 13.23 11.12

.03 .05 .30 .06

29,490 5,527 1,835 6,290

12.08 11.23 12.75 10.21

.03 .10 .25 .04

27,453 34,926 12,896 8 131 8,131 3,308 1,457

10.16 14.99 13.28 14 25 14.25 11.87 12.05

.02 .03 .10 .12 12 .08 .17

13,060 17,307 7,796 4 807 4,807 1,848 1,142

9.92 13.81 12.43 13 23 13.23 11.02 11.62

.02 .07 .10 .14 14 .13 .31

8,570 9,432 65,844

18.92 18.52 12.14

.14 .18 .02

3,328 3,765 34,398

16.47 16.12 11.73

.24 .15 .05

60,367 6,899 21,418 19,878 12,172

14.25 10.34 13.58 14.86 18.88

.05 .08 .08 .04 .18

30,708 2,693 9,862 10,891 7,262

13.17 9.31 11.97 13.78 18.18

.05 .09 .04 .08 .18

Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White..................................................................... Black or African American..................................... Asian..................................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... Marital Status Never married....................................................... Married, spouse present........................................ Other marital status............................................... Divorced Divorced............................................................. Separated.......................................................... Widowed............................................................ Union Affiliation1 Members of unions2………………………………… Represented by unions3……………………………… Not represented by a union................................... Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and older....................................... Less than a high school diploma........................ High school graduates, no college..................... Some college or associate's degree................... Bachelor's degree and higher.............................

See footnotes at end of table.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued) Men

Characteristic


Age Total, 16 years and older....................................... 16 to 24 years.................................................... 16 to 19 years................................................. 20 to 24 years................................................. 25 years and older............................................. 25 to 34 years................................................. 35 to 44 years................................................. 45 to 54 years................................................. 55 to 64 years................................................. 65 years and older..........................................




37,113 7,454 1,922 5,532 29,659 9,078 7,140 7,135 4,897 1,409

$13.88 9.44 8.19 9.97 15.17 13.28 16.05 16.99 17.28 13.03

$0.04 .07 .03 .03 .03 .11 .10 .11 .18 .17

86.4 93.0 97.9 92.0 86.8 91.5 83.9 81.2 83.1 90.9

29,691 4,522 1,568 8,114

14.17 12.20 14.15 11.96

.06 .08 .42 .05

85.3 92.0 90.1 85.4

14,394 17,620 5,100 3 325 3,325 1,461 315

10.75 16.24 14.88 15 32 15.32 12.89 14.12

.07 .10 .07 .20 20 .22 .36

92.3 85.0 83.5 86 4 86.4 85.5 82.3

5,242 5,667 31,446

20.20 20.08 12.93

.18 .08 .04

81.5 80.3 90.7

29,659 4,207 11,556 8,987 4,910

15.17 11.83 15.09 16.15 19.87

.03 .06 .04 .12 .11

86.8 78.7 79.3 85.3 91.5

Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White..................................................................... Black or African American..................................... Asian..................................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... Marital Status Never married....................................................... Married, spouse present........................................ Other marital status............................................... Divorced Divorced............................................................. Separated.......................................................... Widowed............................................................ Union Affiliation1 Members of unions2………………………………… Represented by unions3……………………………… Not represented by a union................................... Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and older....................................... Less than a high school diploma........................ High school graduates, no college..................... Some college or associate's degree................... Bachelor's degree and higher............................. 1

Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region. 2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. 3 Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. Note: Workers paid hourly rates represented 59 percent of all wage and salary workers in 2012. Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

46


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (In thousands) Number of workers by hourly earnings Characteristic

Total employed

Under $6.00

$6.00 to $7.99

$8.00 to $10.00 to $12.00 to $15.00 to $20.00 or $9.99 $11.99 $14.99 $19.99 more

Age and Sex Total, 16 years and older............ 16 to 24 years.......................... 16 to 19 years...................... 20 to 24 years...................... 25 years and older................... 25 to 34 years...................... 35 to 44 years...................... 45 to 54 years...................... 55 to 64 years...................... 65 years and older................

75,276 14,909 4,044 10,865 60,367 17,167 14,383 15,169 10,642 3,006

1,225 560 162 397 665 320 145 133 42 26

5,300 2,883 1,450 1,433 2,417 822 545 539 348 163

14,030 5,411 1,657 3,755 8,619 3,087 1,914 1,811 1,282 524

11,706 2,840 499 2,341 8,866 2,904 1,925 2,012 1,370 654

12,888 1,841 178 1,662 11,047 3,449 2,586 2,707 1,769 536

13,469 944 67 878 12,524 3,381 3,048 3,290 2,298 508

16,659 429 31 398 16,230 3,204 4,219 4,677 3,534 596

Women, 16 years and older........ 16 to 24 years.......................... 16 to 19 years...................... 20 to 24 years...................... 25 years and older................... 25 to 34 years...................... 35 to 44 years...................... 45 to 54 years...................... 55 to 64 years...................... 65 years and older................

38,163 7,455 2,122 5,333 30,708 8,090 7,243 8,034 5,745 1,597

860 396 108 288 464 228 100 89 30 17

3,215 1,646 797 849 1,569 491 377 377 224 100

7,975 2,823 885 1,938 5,152 1,615 1,210 1,184 832 310

6,358 1,340 230 1,110 5,018 1,389 1,089 1,284 891 365

6,545 756 67 689 5,789 1,573 1,352 1,547 1,027 291

6,269 343 27 315 5,927 1,405 1,412 1,661 1,213 235

6,940 152 7 145 6,788 1,388 1,703 1,891 1,527 278

Men, 16 years and older............. 16 to 24 years.......................... 16 to 19 years...................... 20 to 24 years...................... 25 years and older................... 25 to 34 years...................... 35 to 44 years...................... 45 to 54 years...................... 55 to 64 years...................... 65 years and older................

37,113 7,454 1,922 5,532 29,659 9,078 7,140 7,135 4,897 1,409

364 164 53 110 201 92 46 44 12 9

2,084 1,237 653 584 847 331 168 162 123 63

6,055 2,588 772 1,817 3,467 1,472 704 627 450 214

5,347 1,500 268 1,231 3,847 1,515 836 728 479 289

6,343 1,085 112 974 5,258 1,877 1,234 1,160 742 245

7,199 602 39 563 6,597 1,976 1,636 1,629 1,084 272

9,719 278 24 253 9,442 1,815 2,516 2,786 2,006 318



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued) (In thousands) Number of workers by hourly earnings Characteristic

Total employed

Under $6.00

$6.00 to $7.99

$8.00 to $10.00 to $12.00 to $15.00 to $20.00 or $9.99 $11.99 $14.99 $19.99 more

Race, Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, and Sex White....................................... Women................................. Men......................................

59,180 29,490 29,691

1,030 729 302

3,957 2,389 1,568

10,766 6,084 4,682

8,809 4,755 4,053

10,003 5,026 4,977

10,902 4,945 5,956

13,714 5,562 8,153

Black or African American....... Women................................. Men......................................

10,049 5,527 4,522

122 79 43

961 605 356

2,037 1,206 830

1,882 1,070 813

1,921 998 923

1,571 838 734

1,555 731 824

Asian....................................... Women................................. Men......................................

3,403 1,835 1,568

34 26 9

166 99 67

619 348 271

546 312 234

535 309 225

583 291 293

920 450 470

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity...... Women................................. Men......................................

14,404 6,290 8,114

208 126 81

1,054 621 433

3,770 1,876 1,893

2,605 1,152 1,453

2,570 1,080 1,490

2,267 827 1,440

1,931 607 1,324

Note: Workers paid hourly rates represented 59 percent of all wage and salary workers in 2012. Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

48


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Workers paid hourly rates

Characteristic Total

Below prevailing federal minimum wage

At prevailing federal minimum wage

Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage

Number

Percent of workers paid hourly rates

Age and Sex Total, 16 years and older.............................................. 16 to 24 years............................................................ 16 to 19 years........................................................ 20 to 24 years........................................................ 25 years and older..................................................... 25 to 34 years........................................................ 35 to 44 years........................................................ 45 to 54 years........................................................ 55 to 64 years........................................................ 65 years and older.................................................

75,276 14,909 4,044 10,865 60,367 17,167 14,383 15,169 10,642 3,006

1,984 935 370 565 1,049 477 234 204 90 44

1,566 862 484 377 704 243 154 164 100 44

3,550 1,797 854 942 1,753 720 388 368 190 88

4.7 12.1 21.1 8.7 2.9 4.2 2.7 2.4 1.8 2.9

Women, 16 years and older......................................... 16 to 24 years............................................................ 16 to 19 yyears........................................................ 20 to 24 years........................................................ 25 years and older..................................................... 25 to 34 years........................................................ 35 to 44 years........................................................ 45 to 54 years........................................................ 55 to 64 years........................................................ 65 years and older.................................................

38,163 7,455 2,122 , 5,333 30,708 8,090 7,243 8,034 5,745 1,597

1,288 595 211 384 693 311 159 140 57 26

999 529 278 251 470 156 109 114 67 24

2,287 1,124 489 635 1,163 467 268 254 124 50

6.0 15.1 23.0 11.9 3.8 5.8 3.7 3.2 2.2 3.1

Men, 16 years and older............................................... 16 to 24 years............................................................ 16 to 19 years........................................................ 20 to 24 years........................................................ 25 years and older..................................................... 25 to 34 years........................................................ 35 to 44 years........................................................ 45 to 54 years........................................................ 55 to 64 years........................................................ 65 years and older.................................................

37,113 7,454 1,922 5,532 29,659 9,078 7,140 7,135 4,897 1,409

696 340 159 181 356 166 75 64 33 17

567 333 207 126 235 86 45 50 34 20

1,263 673 366 307 591 252 120 114 67 37

3.4 9.0 19.0 5.5 2.0 2.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.6



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued) (Numbers in thousands) Workers paid hourly rates

Characteristic Total




Number


Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White......................................................................... Women................................................................... Men........................................................................

59,180 29,490 29,691

1,575 1,035 540

1,185 741 444

2,760 1,776 984

4.7 6.0 3.3

Black or African American......................................... Women................................................................... Men........................................................................

10,049 5,527 4,522

256 157 98

277 193 85

533 350 183

5.3 6.3 4.0

Asian.......................................................................... Women................................................................... Men........................................................................

3,403 1,835 1,568

69 46 23

48 32 16

117 78 39

3.4 4.3 2.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................... Women Women................................................................... Men........................................................................

14,404 6 290 6,290 8,114

381 213 168

337 210 127

718 423 295

5.0 67 6.7 3.6

Full-time workers....................................................... Women................................................................... Men........................................................................

54,745 24,693 30,052

760 466 294

501 304 197

1,261 770 491

2.3 3.1 1.6

Part-time workers...................................................... Women................................................................... Men........................................................................

20,411 13,413 6,998

1,223 820 402

1,063 693 370

2,286 1,513 772

11.2 11.3 11.0

Full- and Part-time Status and Sex1

1

The distinction between full-time and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full-time or part-time status on the principal or main job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. Note: The prevailing federal minimum wage was $7.25 in 2012. See the technical notes section for more information about minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

50


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2012 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Workers paid hourly rates

Year and sex

Total wage and salary workers

Total Percent of workers total wage paid hourly and salary rates workers




Number


Both Sexes 1979……………………………

87,529

51,721

59.1

2,916

3,997

6,912

13.4

1980…………………………… 87,644 1981…………………………… 88,516 1982…………………………… 87,368 1983…………………………… 88,290 1984…………………………… 92,194 1985…………………………… 94,521 1986…………………………… 96,903 1987…………………………… 99,303 1988…………………………… 101,407 1989…………………………… 103,480

51,335 51,869 50,846 51,820 54,143 55,762 57,529 59,552 60,878 62,389

58.6 58.6 58.2 58.7 58.7 59.0 59.4 60.0 60.0 60.3

3,087 3,513 2,348 2,077 1,838 1,639 1,599 1,468 1,319 1,372

4,686 4,311 4,148 4,261 4,125 3,899 3,461 3,229 2,608 1,790

7,773 7,824 6,496 6,338 5,963 5,538 5,060 4,698 3,927 3,162

15.1 15.1 12.8 12.2 11.0 9.9 8.8 7.9 6.5 5.1

1990…………………………… 1991…………………………… 1992…………………………… 1993…………………………… 1994…………………………… 1995…………………………… 1996…………………………… 1997…………………………… 1998…………………………… 1999……………………………

104,876 103,723 104,668 106,101 107,989 , 110,038 111,960 114,533 116,730 118,963

63,172 62,627 63,610 64,274 66,549 , 68,354 69,255 70,735 71,440 72,306

60.2 60.4 60.8 60.6 61.6 62.1 61.9 61.8 61.2 60.8

1

1

1

1

3,228 5,283 4,921 4,332 4,128 , 3,656 1 3,724 1 4,754 4,427 3,340

1

1

1

1

2000…………………………… 2001…………………………… 2002…………………………… 2003…………………………… 2004…………………………… 2005…………………………… 2006…………………………… 2007…………………………… 2008…………………………… 2009……………………………

122,089 122,229 121,826 122,358 123,554 125,889 128,237 129,767 129,377 124,490

73,496 73,392 72,508 72,946 73,939 75,609 76,514 75,873 75,305 72,611

60.2 60.0 59.5 59.6 59.8 60.1 59.7 58.5 58.2 58.3

1,752 1,518 1,579 1,555 1,483 1,403 1,283 1 1,462 1 1,940 1 2,592

898 656 567 545 520 479 409 1 267 1 286 1 980

2,650 2,174 2,146 2,100 2,003 1,882 1,692 1 1,729 1 2,226 1 3,572

3.6 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.2 1 2.3 1 3.0 1 4.9

2010…………………………… 124,073 2011…………………………… 125,187 2012…………………………… 127,577

72,902 73,926 75,276

58.8 59.1 59.0

2,541 2,152 1,984

1,820 1,677 1,566

4,361 3,829 3,550

6.0 5.2 4.7

2,132 2,377 1,939 1,707 1,995 , 1,699 1 1,863 1 2,990 2,834 2,194

1,096 2,906 2,982 2,625 2,132 , 1,956 1 1,861 1 1,764 1,593 1,146

5.1 8.4 7.7 6.7 6.2 5.3 1 5.4 1 6.7 6.2 4.6

See footnote at end of table.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) (Numbers in thousands) Workers paid hourly rates

Year and sex






Number


Women 1979……………………………

38,129

23,329

61.2

2,070

2,644

4,714

20.2

1980…………………………… 1981…………………………… 1982…………………………… 1983…………………………… 1984…………………………… 1985…………………………… 1986…………………………… 1987…………………………… 1988…………………………… 1989……………………………

38,944 39,672 39,777 40,433 42,172 43,506 44,961 46,365 47,495 48,691

23,626 24,294 24,365 24,989 26,003 26,869 27,863 29,078 29,820 30,702

60.7 61.2 61.3 61.8 61.7 61.8 62.0 62.7 62.8 63.1

2,104 2,394 1,651 1,492 1,348 1,198 1,192 1,105 1,008 994

2,990 2,778 2,561 2,603 2,499 2,356 2,125 1,946 1,542 1,056

5,095 5,172 4,212 4,095 3,847 3,554 3,317 3,051 2,550 2,050

21.6 21.3 17.3 16.4 14.8 13.2 11.9 10.5 8.6 6.7

1990…………………………… 1991…………………………… 1992…………………………… 1993…………………………… 1994…………………………… 1995…………………………… 1996…………………………… 1997…………………………… 1998…………………………… 1999……………………………

49,323 49,105 49,842 50,626 51,419 , 52,369 53,488 54,708 55,757 57,050

31,069 30,988 31,454 31,937 33,021 , 33,934 34,418 35,214 35,680 36,233

63.0 63.1 63.1 63.1 64.2 64.8 64.3 64.4 64.0 63.5

1

2000…………………………… 2001…………………………… 2002…………………………… 2003…………………………… 2004…………………………… 2005…………………………… 2006…………………………… 2007…………………………… 2008…………………………… 2009……………………………

58,427 58,582 58,555 59,122 59,408 60,423 61,426 62,299 62,532 60,951

36,777 36,848 36,508 37,093 37,133 37,957 38,321 38,082 37,972 37,426

62.9 62.9 62.3 62.7 62.5 62.8 62.4 61.1 60.7 61.4

1,170 1,021 997 1,062 1,013 944 861 1 1,002 1 1,302 1 1,603

579 409 350 332 310 290 263 1 181 1 196 1 612

1,749 1,430 1,347 1,394 1,323 1,234 1,124 1 1,183 1 1,498 1 2,215

4.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.3 2.9 1 3.1 1 3.9 1 5.9

2010…………………………… 2011…………………………… 2012……………………………

60,542 60,502 61,679

37,404 37,469 38,163

61.8 61.9 61.9

1,598 1,366 1,288

1,151 1,029 999

2,749 2,395 2,287

7.3 6.4 6.0

1,420 1,582 1,286 1,133 1,322 , 1,157 1 1,244 1 1,843 1,794 1,426 1

1 711 1,792 1,751 1,534 1,241 , 1,161 1 1,106 1 1,092 965 700 1

1

2,131 3,374 3,036 2,667 2,563 , 2,318 1 2,350 1 2,935 2,760 2,126 1

1 6.9 10.9 9.7 8.4 7.8 6.8 1 6.8 1 8.3 7.7 5.9

1

See footnote at end of table.

52


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) (Numbers in thousands) Workers paid hourly rates

Year and sex






Number


Men 1979……………………………

49,400

28,392

57.5

846

1,353

2,199

7.7

1980…………………………… 1981…………………………… 1982…………………………… 1983…………………………… 1984…………………………… 1985…………………………… 1986…………………………… 1987…………………………… 1988…………………………… 1989……………………………

48,700 48,844 47,591 47,856 50,022 51,015 51,942 52,938 53,912 54,789

27,709 27,576 26,481 26,831 28,140 28,893 29,666 30,474 31,058 31,687

56.9 56.5 55.6 56.1 56.3 56.6 57.1 57.6 57.6 57.8

983 1,119 697 585 490 440 408 364 311 379

1,696 1,533 1,587 1,658 1,626 1,544 1,336 1,283 1,066 733

2,678 2,652 2,284 2,243 2,116 1,984 1,743 1,647 1,377 1,112

9.7 9.6 8.6 8.4 7.5 6.9 5.9 5.4 4.4 3.5

1990…………………………… 1991…………………………… 1992…………………………… 1993…………………………… 1994…………………………… 1995…………………………… 1996…………………………… 1997…………………………… 1998…………………………… 1999……………………………

55,553 54,618 54,826 55,475 56,570 , 57,669 58,473 59,825 60,973 61,914

32,104 31,639 32,155 32,337 33,528 , 34,420 34,838 35,521 35,761 36,073

57.8 57.9 58.6 58.3 59.3 59.7 59.6 59.4 58.7 58.3

712 795 653 573 674 542 1 619 1 1,147 1,039 768

2000…………………………… 2001…………………………… 2002…………………………… 2003…………………………… 2004…………………………… 2005…………………………… 2006…………………………… 2007…………………………… 2008…………………………… 2009……………………………

63,662 63,647 63,272 63,236 64,145 65,466 66,811 67,468 66,846 63,539

36,720 36,544 36,000 35,853 36,806 37,652 38,193 37,790 37,334 35,185

57.7 57.4 56.9 56.7 57.4 57.5 57.2 56.0 55.9 55.4

582 497 582 493 470 459 422 1 460 1 638 1 990

2010…………………………… 2011…………………………… 2012……………………………

63,531 64,686 65,898

35,498 36,457 37,113

55.9 56.4 56.3

943 785 696

1 1

1 385 1,114 1,231 1,091 891 796 1 755 1 673 628 446

1

1,097 1,909 1,885 1,664 1,565 , 1,338 1 1,374 1 1,820 1,667 1,214

1

1

1

319 247 217 213 210 189 146 1 86 1 90 1 368

901 744 799 706 680 648 568 1 546 1 728 1 1,358

2.5 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.5 1 1.4 1 1.9 1 3.9

669 648 567

1,612 1,433 1,263

4.5 3.9 3.4

1

3.4 6.0 5.9 5.1 4.7 3.9 1 3.9 1 5.1 4.7 3.4

1

Data for 1990–1991, 1996–1997, and 2007–2009 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The prevailing federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981–1989. The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, to $4.25 in April 1991, to $4.75 in October 1996, to $5.15 in September 1997, to $5.85 in July 2007, to $6.55 in July 2008, and to $7.25 in July 2009. See the technical notes section for more information about minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 12. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2012 16 to 24 years

25 years and older

Total, 16 years and older

Total

16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

1979………………

62.3

78.6

85.2

76.3

62.1

67.5

58.3

56.8

60.6

77.6

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

64.2 64.4 65.7 66.5 67.6 68.1 69.5 69.8 70.2 70.1

80.3 82.6 85.3 88.8 87.9 87.6 89.0 88.3 89.7 90.8

89.5 91.7 92.9 94.0 93.1 90.7 91.4 87.8 89.8 94.3

78.1 80.6 82.4 85.5 85.2 85.7 87.5 88.0 90.0 89.7

62.8 62.6 64.9 65.8 67.1 66.8 66.5 67.3 68.8 70.2

69.4 70.3 72.1 73.3 74.6 75.1 76.1 76.7 77.7 78.3

58.3 59.9 61.1 61.5 62.0 63.0 63.9 66.1 68.5 68.3

56.9 56.8 60.1 59.5 59.4 59.7 60.9 62.3 61.7 62.7

59.4 58.9 61.4 61.8 61.5 61.0 61.2 62.2 62.3 63.9

76.4 71.1 70.3 68.8 66.8 65.9 71.5 68.7 70.9 74.3

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999………………

71.9 74.2 75.8 77.1 76.4 75.5 75.0 74.4 76.3 76.5

90.1 93.3 94.0 94.8 93.9 90.8 92.5 92.1 91.3 91.0

90.8 93.6 94.0 92.8 92.5 88.1 88.8 91.6 88.6 91.4

90.3 93.3 94.3 95.4 94.5 92.4 92.8 90.5 89.4 90.5

72.1 74.0 74.6 74.8 73.1 72.8 74.1 75.1 75.9 74.4

79.3 81.0 82.0 83.0 82.9 82.2 83.2 82.9 82.9 81.5

69.6 70.7 71.9 73.0 72.6 72.6 73.3 74.0 73.6 71.7

63.8 65.0 65.8 67.4 67.1 67.7 68.9 69.4 70.5 70.0

63.7 64.5 64.9 67.4 66.0 64.7 65.3 64.7 68.1 67.9

74.4 68.3 77.9 74.3 76.2 80.0 70.0 77.0 72.6 78.7

2000……………… 2000 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

76 9 76.9 76.4 77.9 79.4 80.4 81.0 80.8 80.2 79.9 80.2

91.7 91 7 90.3 93.9 93.2 93.8 93.2 94.5 92.3 91.1 92.6

92.5 92 5 90.3 94.6 93.1 92.1 92.1 87.6 89.1 87.3 90.7

92.7 92 7 91.9 93.9 93.9 93.8 93.8 94.9 90.3 92.5 92.9

74.5 74 5 75.4 77.6 78.5 78.6 79.4 78.7 78.5 78.2 78.7

82.4 82 4 83.0 84.5 86.9 87.8 89.0 88.2 86.9 88.5 88.7

71.6 71 6 72.5 75.2 76.1 75.6 75.5 77.2 76.5 74.5 77.4

73.2 73 2 73.5 74.6 73.0 72.9 75.5 73.5 74.5 74.9 73.6

69.1 69 1 70.5 71.6 72.7 73.0 74.7 72.9 72.8 75.4 75.3

75.1 75 1 69.0 73.8 71.1 74.6 76.4 77.5 77.8 74.8 76.1

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

81.2 82.2 80.9

95.3 92.5 88.9

94.6 88.6 88.5

93.8 93.2 89.0

80.5 81.0 79.9

90.8 92.3 90.2

79.9 78.5 78.1

76.5 76.0 75.1

75.2 75.1 76.2

75.7 80.9 77.6

Year

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the currentdollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

54


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 13. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2012

Year


White


1979……………………………………

62.3

61.7

74.4

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

64.2 64.4 65.7 66.5 67.6 68.1 69.5 69.8 70.2 70.1

63.4 63.1 64.5 65.6 66.8 67.2 67.9 68.2 68.4 69.3

75.8 76.9 78.1 78.9 79.5 82.6 82.8 84.4 82.8 86.5

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

71.9 74.2 75.8 77.1 76.4 75.5 75.0 74.4 76.3 76.5

71.5 73.7 75.3 76.5 74.6 73.3 73.8 74.6 76.1 75.7

2000…………………………………… 2001 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

76.9 76 4 76.4 77.9 79.4 80.4 81.0 80.8 80.2 79.9 80.2

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

81.2 82.2 80.9

Asian

Hispanic or Latino

71.7

85.3 86.1 88.2 88.8 86.5 86.4 87.9 86.8 85.5 83.8

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

75.8 75 8 75.8 77.9 79.3 79.8 80.2 80.0 79.4 79.3 79.2

84.1 85 8 85.8 90.3 88.5 88.8 89.3 87.8 88.8 89.4 93.7

79.9 76 9 76.9 74.9 77.5 76.4 80.6 79.3 78.1 78.0 81.8

87.8 88 2 88.2 88.0 88.4 87.3 87.7 87.1 91.0 89.6 89.5

80.5 82.1 80.8

93.5 91.1 90.1

82.6 77.4 73.0

90.7 90.7 88.0

73.5 75.7 75.5 78.5 77.7 77.7 80.6 82.0 84.4 85.4 87.4 90.4 89.1 90.5 88.9 87.1 88.8 85.7 86.4 85.7

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000– 2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 14. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2012

Year



High school Some college graduates, no or associate's degree college


1979……………………………………

62.1

60.3

60.1

64.1

66.7

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………..... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

62.8 62.6 64.9 65.8 67.1 66.8 66.5 67.3 68.8 70.2

61.4 61.2 62.8 64.8 64.9 64.3 64.8 66.0 66.6 66.8

61.5 61.0 63.1 63.4 64.9 65.8 66.6 68.1 68.2 67.6

64.5 65.6 66.7 68.2 68.4 67.2 68.0 69.8 71.6 73.3

67.9 66.9 68.8 71.2 69.4 70.2 70.6 71.4 71.4 71.9

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

72.1 74.0 74.6 74.8 73.1 72.8 74.1 75.1 75.9 74.4

68.8 71.6 72.9 73.9 75.1 75.5 75.1 75.3 73.9 73.4

68.6 69.8 70.4 71.3 70.8 70.2 70.7 70.7 70.8 69.8

72.9 72.6 73.3 73.8 72.1 71.6 73.2 73.9 74.0 73.4

72.2 73.6 75.1 75.8 76.8 76.2 75.2 75.0 75.3 75.7

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

74.5 75.4 77.6 78.5 78.6 79.4 78.7 78.5 78.2 78.7

74.9 75.4 77.2 76.7 74.9 74.9 76.3 76.7 76.1 76.4

71.1 72.7 74.2 75.5 75.7 75.6 73.7 74.3 73.3 75.7

73.1 71.9 74.3 75.7 75.8 76.6 75.6 75.2 75.7 75.4

74.1 73.7 74.2 73.6 75.2 75.7 75.1 75.0 74.3 73.1

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

80.5 81.0 79.9

79.8 80.9 76.0

76.5 76.9 76.3

75.5 76.8 76.9

74.1 74.9 73.0

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are caculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in table 24. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

56


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 15. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2012 16 to 24 years Year


Total

16 to 19 years

25 years and older 20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

1979………………

64.1

81.8

95.0

75.9

58.3

63.3

55.8

54.1

56.9

87.6

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

64.8 65.1 67.3 69.4 69.8 70.0 70.2 72.1 73.8 75.4

84.1 86.1 86.3 87.2 86.0 85.7 85.8 85.9 89.1 90.7

93.2 96.7 97.0 96.7 96.5 96.3 95.5 93.9 94.4 93.4

77.0 80.0 81.8 84.4 84.5 87.2 86.7 86.1 87.2 86.9

58.7 60.3 62.1 62.9 63.7 64.7 66.0 67.2 68.7 69.8

64.1 66.7 67.7 70.3 71.1 72.4 74.1 74.3 75.6 78.0

54.9 57.5 57.1 57.6 59.0 60.3 61.4 62.9 66.1 67.0

54.4 54.1 55.7 56.7 56.9 57.8 59.0 61.3 61.6 63.4

56.4 56.2 59.0 58.0 59.5 60.4 60.3 62.0 62.4 63.8

89.2 88.1 88.1 87.6 89.0 88.8 91.3 91.2 92.8 87.1

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999………………

77.9 78.6 80.3 80.4 80.6 80.8 81.2 80.8 81.8 83.8

91.0 91.0 91.3 91.7 90.5 90.9 92.1 92.2 90.3 92.7

93.8 97.9 97.7 97.1 97.0 96.1 97.0 96.6 96.7 96.8

90.1 91.7 92.5 94.2 91.2 89.3 89.6 91.2 89.1 89.9

71.8 73.5 76.0 77.3 78.2 76.1 78.2 78.8 77.9 79.4

79.4 80.4 82.6 83.6 85.5 83.7 83.1 82.7 86.1 83.9

68.7 70.4 73.1 73.1 73.4 72.6 74.6 75.7 77.4 76.9

64.3 65.0 66.1 67.3 69.9 70.8 72.1 72.3 75.0 72.7

66.2 68.9 69.3 69.0 70.7 71.4 72.4 70.5 72.4 76.4

89.6 92.6 92.6 92.1 94.0 94.2 91.6 98.1 93.2 95.4

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

83.8 85.2 85.0 84.8 84.6 84.8 84.0 84.8 85.4 85.5

91.7 90.5 92.5 93.2 93.9 92.6 90.9 89.3 91.2 93.1

93.8 95.8 96.9 97.6 95.9 96.0 95.7 95.4 96.6 97.1

93.0 89.7 91.3 91.0 91.7 92.4 90.5 90.4 91.6 92.0

80.8 79.2 82.1 83.1 81.7 83.2 83.2 81.7 83.0 84.7

88.3 85.8 85.1 87.5 88.3 89.2 87.6 87.4 87.0 90.6

76.3 75.0 78.7 79.1 78.4 79.6 80.0 81.5 80.5 80.7

73.2 76.1 77.6 79.0 79.1 80.2 76.4 79.6 78.2 77.0

76.8 80.2 80.8 78.4 79.6 80.2 80.6 79.2 81.8 84.5

94.7 90.4 89.3 90.3 92.5 97.8 93.0 92.2 91.6 92.6

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

86.0 86.8 86.4

93.6 94.6 93.0

97.8 97.5 97.9

91.7 92.5 92.0

85.6 86.7 86.8

91.9 92.0 91.5

82.9 83.8 83.9

79.9 81.5 81.2

83.2 82.2 83.1

93.8 91.5 90.9

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 16. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2012

Year


White


1979……………………………………

64.1

62.5

72.6

–

71.8

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

64.8 65.1 67.3 69.4 69.8 70.0 70.2 72.1 73.8 75.4

63.6 63.8 66.0 68.0 68.6 67.8 68.8 70.9 72.7 74.0

74.9 72.1 75.2 79.2 79.1 82.0 78.7 80.1 80.8 83.2

– – – – – – – – – –

75.1 76.4 75.6 76.1 77.0 79.4 80.8 80.2 81.1 83.0

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

77.9 78.6 80.3 80.4 80.6 80.8 81.2 80.8 81.8 83.8

75.6 76.6 78.6 78.9 79.7 78.4 79.6 80.3 81.8 82.3

84.5 86.5 87.1 89.6 87.5 87.3 88.0 87.5 86.9 83.2

– – – – – – – – – –

86.1 86.9 88.3 88.6 89.3 90.9 88.8 86.3 87.6 86.6

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

83.8 85.2 85.0 84.8 84.6 84.8 84.0 84.8 85.4 85.5

83.0 83.8 83.8 84.0 84.0 84.2 83.6 83.7 84.5 84.8

88.8 89.9 92.3 91.7 91.3 91.1 88.5 90.3 89.9 89.7

90.5 85.1 91.7 89.8 88.8 91.3 90.7 89.5 87.3 90.4

87.3 85.6 86.1 88.5 90.2 90.1 87.6 88.5 85.1 84.6

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

86.0 86.8 86.4

85.0 85.9 85.3

92.1 93.5 92.0

88.0 89.8 90.1

86.2 86.8 85.4

Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

58


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages 16 to 24 years Year and sex


Total

16 to 19 years


Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

Both Sexes 1979………………

$711

$507

$425

$549

$782

$752

$826

$814

$773

$584

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

695 688 689 686 686 701 718 723 718 714

496 484 475 463 457 456 464 470 465 463

408 390 374 360 356 354 356 360 366 365

531 516 502 489 486 489 496 501 496 494

759 746 747 752 762 772 782 779 772 764

732 717 710 704 705 711 720 721 715 705

801 789 808 811 819 827 838 841 840 844

790 775 788 805 811 815 832 830 845 844

756 748 742 759 771 776 794 783 782 771

538 538 578 572 573 605 596 600 603 597

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999 1999………………

702 701 705 718 715 717 714 718 736 756

458 456 442 441 438 437 434 437 449 470

356 350 340 335 338 346 350 359 377 387

486 479 465 465 459 458 455 458 477 500

765 768 768 768 766 763 758 770 805 815

693 683 676 682 672 675 675 686 706 713

828 819 806 809 822 823 815 826 840 842

833 834 837 848 867 871 866 866 872 898

779 771 774 770 767 769 780 796 833 832

584 627 606 615 588 582 560 561 570 556

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

768 773 776 774 775 766 764 770 770 791

481 486 486 483 474 467 466 470 472 473

396 396 389 388 375 374 369 373 372 368

511 511 509 502 493 484 482 498 498 497

812 817 824 826 830 819 818 817 811 829

732 747 754 742 734 718 707 712 710 726

833 852 852 858 866 860 852 852 857 875

892 899 901 903 903 880 880 875 876 897

827 827 860 884 881 873 871 889 880 900

617 633 640 644 680 669 664 670 687 732

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

786 771 768

455 449 444

365 359 356

478 466 464

823 813 815

718 707 707

867 854 858

888 884 878

905 899 897

720 757 757



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) 16 to 24 years Year and sex


Total

16 to 19 years


Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

Women 1979………………

$537

$454

$389

$475

$575

$587

$578

$566

$558

$501

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

533 530 546 553 558 564 582 586 588 587

443 436 438 434 427 430 438 439 438 440

385 373 361 346 341 338 340 333 343 352

464 462 459 454 448 450 462 468 468 465

565 564 582 588 596 603 616 621 625 628

578 579 589 596 600 603 612 611 610 608

568 576 589 596 615 625 638 652 660 662

554 545 575 579 587 595 616 627 632 639

544 538 559 564 568 580 592 596 591 596

464 458 482 465 461 493 512 505 522 522

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999 1999………………

589 602 609 615 611 608 609 615 641 652

433 438 428 427 423 412 414 417 429 446

337 337 329 321 323 322 325 342 350 366

458 461 449 452 444 436 434 437 449 472

629 637 641 649 645 641 647 659 682 685

606 610 612 618 608 603 605 609 634 647

664 669 670 681 686 678 675 688 700 693

642 655 668 689 689 695 701 706 726 736

593 597 603 618 609 603 612 618 669 678

511 525 526 524 515 528 487 496 492 510

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

657 664 675 689 696 688 683 680 680 703

459 458 468 463 456 448 450 453 448 454

377 374 376 373 356 358 347 352 343 346

488 486 491 483 475 466 470 472 474 476

688 704 724 729 728 720 714 715 714 736

657 664 676 682 682 674 664 661 664 679

695 709 728 737 739 731 735 740 727 759

752 761 768 760 759 758 751 750 754 762

677 695 732 750 747 752 749 752 758 778

523 506 548 543 581 579 581 591 600 645

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

704 698 691

444 430 416

354 335 330

462 447 429

741 733 727

682 676 666

769 749 747

768 759 746

775 764 766

633 678 667


60


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) 16 to 24 years Year and sex


Total

16 to 19 years


Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

Men 1979………………

$861

$578

$457

$622

$926

$870

$991

$997

$920

$646

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

830 823 831 831 825 829 838 839 838 837

552 528 514 489 486 491 492 497 489 485

430 407 388 368 366 373 372 379 382 374

594 574 557 531 526 525 528 532 521 519

899 901 897 893 888 902 926 923 909 894

833 823 817 814 804 802 804 797 785 776

973 961 963 969 992 992 998 986 965 970

973 959 957 974 989 996 1,012 1,006 1,024 1,018

915 913 911 912 924 951 968 957 950 932

607 644 685 675 691 747 716 735 737 703

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999 1999………………

819 811 803 798 799 805 812 826 841 851

480 469 455 451 450 454 448 452 470 490

371 360 349 346 349 365 366 374 395 401

508 493 476 474 470 472 468 482 502 522

872 860 859 869 882 880 873 877 899 920

765 753 747 745 734 734 727 735 765 795

954 947 931 933 945 934 921 929 952 967

1,007 1,007 1,016 1,022 1,028 1,025 1,017 1,017 1,030 1 051 1,051

930 926 928 917 923 933 937 954 983 999

687 768 675 706 675 660 695 645 678 647

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

855 869 866 868 866 849 846 848 851 877

500 507 499 497 486 481 476 491 491 490

408 414 398 401 386 388 396 395 393 381

527 529 523 514 507 496 495 523 513 513

924 934 934 929 926 907 908 911 914 935

797 800 800 784 776 758 753 761 751 766

971 978 968 968 977 967 952 967 975 981

1,028 1,036 1,029 1,041 1,041 1,004 1,022 1,007 1,006 1,035

980 986 1,023 1,032 1,024 1,006 1,027 1,033 1,005 1,033

696 733 744 764 779 758 749 760 803 847

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

867 849 854

466 464 468

374 378 373

493 480 482

920 904 910

752 732 738

963 954 957

1,004 999 994

1,031 1,017 1,005

836 838 860

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages Total, 16 years and older

White


1979……………………………………

$711

$732

$587

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

695 688 689 686 686 701 718 723 718 714

714 705 708 702 707 725 742 743 737 732

562 569 559 572 566 564 582 582 586 571

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

702 701 705 718 715 717 714 718 736 756

722 727 734 743 741 740 738 740 767 789

560 572 572 577 568 573 564 571 599 613

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

768 773 776 774 775 766 764 770 770 791

787 791 795 794 798 791 786 793 791 810

632 637 635 642 638 612 631 630 628 643

$820 829 839 865 860 886 893 919 918 942

532 541 541 549 554 554 554 557 564 579

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

786 771 768

805 791 792

643 628 621

900 884 920

563 560 568

Year and sex

Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Both Sexes

–

$572 554 540 548 548 545 550 554 551 541 533 518 513 514 518 496 493 494 501 520 530


62


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) Total, 16 years and older

White


1979……………………………………

$537

$543

$499

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

533 530 546 553 558 564 582 586 588 587

538 535 553 557 564 572 588 594 593 597

491 499 495 509 507 513 528 534 537 538

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

589 602 609 615 611 608 609 615 641 652

601 613 620 628 625 621 624 633 658 665

525 531 537 545 530 531 528 535 563 563

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

657 664 675 689 696 688 683 680 680 703

669 677 698 708 710 701 694 693 697 716

572 589 603 613 614 587 591 590 591 623

$729 730 722 747 745 782 796 810 803 834

488 503 506 512 509 505 501 524 534 545

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

704 698 691

720 717 710

623 607 599

814 766 770

535 529 521

Year and sex

Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Women

–

$463 456 460 463 471 469 468 482 485 485 481 474 480 484 490 467 457 461 454 474 479



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) Total, 16 years and older

White


1979……………………………………

$861

$879

$670

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

830 823 831 831 825 829 838 839 838 837

849 847 856 849 844 851 866 870 868 862

647 649 635 645 638 621 638 632 649 623

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

819 811 803 798 799 805 812 826 841 851

842 832 824 820 838 847 845 849 865 879

615 617 609 613 613 615 601 616 658 672

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

855 869 866 868 866 849 846 848 851 877

883 894 895 893 889 874 867 873 880 905

680 686 668 693 691 658 673 664 661 665

$913 949 964 964 974 971 1,005 1,037 1,030 1,019

556 571 575 579 583 575 575 576 596 609

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

867 849 854

895 873 879

666 666 665

985 990 1,055

589 583 592

Year and sex

Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Men

–

$646 621 608 614 601 604 603 598 592 575 564 542 531 543 541 525 524 519 529 549 559

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

64


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual averages High school Some college graduates, no or associate's degree college




1979……………………………………

$782

$619

$735

$832

$1,015

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………..... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

759 746 747 752 762 772 782 779 772 764

589 581 566 561 554 550 556 549 537 531

706 692 689 682 680 678 688 689 687 671

806 785 801 796 804 813 818 814 802 809

997 985 1,000 1,011 1,023 1,031 1,050 1,091 1,091 1,089

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

765 768 768 768 766 763 758 770 805 815

516 505 498 491 470 463 462 458 474 477

658 653 646 649 645 647 646 658 674 675

811 804 776 773 764 760 755 763 785 799

1,087 1,095 1,115 1,119 1,123 1,118 1,105 1 111 1,111 1,155 1,185

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

812 817 824 826 830 819 818 817 811 829

483 495 495 494 487 481 477 474 483 486

673 674 682 692 697 686 678 669 659 670

795 800 802 798 803 788 788 780 770 777

1,188 1,195 1,200 1,203 1,198 1,192 1,183 1,187 1,189 1,217

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

823 813 815

467 460 471

659 651 652

773 754 749

1,204 1,173 1,165

Year and sex

Both Sexes



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) High school Some college graduates, no or associate's degree college




1979……………………………………

$575

$448

$546

$622

$779

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………..... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

565 564 582 588 596 603 616 621 625 628

435 424 420 428 421 411 416 414 412 413

533 525 539 539 545 546 554 557 556 544

613 617 626 632 642 646 660 671 672 678

769 770 790 809 821 843 872 901 905 907

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

629 637 641 649 645 641 647 659 682 685

409 411 410 412 394 392 391 392 398 399

537 539 540 543 538 533 532 539 557 558

673 673 652 660 648 639 644 655 669 672

911 924 952 956 971 964 958 959 994 1,019

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

688 704 724 729 728 720 714 715 714 736

405 410 415 411 406 401 408 409 403 409

560 575 584 592 593 580 569 567 554 580

673 674 693 699 701 691 686 674 670 675

1,008 1,019 1,032 1,039 1,045 1,039 1,031 1,032 1,018 1,039

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

741 733 727

408 403 386

572 565 561

672 658 659

1,038 1,018 1,001

Year and sex

Women


66


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) High school Some college graduates, no or associate's degree college




1979……………………………………

$926

$743

$909

$971

$1,168

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………..... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

899 901 897 893 888 902 926 923 909 894

708 692 669 660 648 640 642 627 619 619

867 862 854 851 840 829 832 818 815 805

950 942 938 925 939 961 970 961 938 925

1,133 1,150 1,148 1,136 1,183 1,202 1,236 1,263 1,267 1,261

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

872 860 859 869 882 880 873 877 899 920

595 574 563 557 524 519 520 521 539 544

782 773 768 762 760 759 752 763 786 799

923 926 889 895 899 892 880 886 904 916

1,262 1,257 1,268 1,261 1,265 1,265 1,274 1 278 1,278 1,321 1,346

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

924 934 934 929 926 907 908 911 914 935

541 543 537 536 542 535 534 533 530 535

788 790 787 784 784 767 772 763 756 767

921 938 932 924 925 901 907 897 885 894

1,360 1,384 1,390 1,412 1,389 1,373 1,372 1,377 1,370 1,421

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

920 904 910

512 498 508

747 735 735

889 857 857

1,400 1,359 1,371

Year and sex

Men



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages 16 to 24 years

25 years and older


Total

16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

1979………………

$13.10

$10.29

$9.14

$11.86

$15.07

$15.34

$15.60

$15.22

$14.66

$9.53

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

12.79 12.47 12.33 12.26 12.27 12.28 12.40 12.51 12.56 12.50

9.84 9.61 9.25 8.95 8.80 8.68 8.82 8.88 8.94 8.86

8.54 8.67 8.22 7.92 7.68 7.47 7.42 7.37 7.52 7.55

11.38 11.16 10.64 10.29 10.15 10.06 10.12 10.08 10.04 10.11

14.72 14.50 14.34 14.36 14.40 14.36 14.46 14.43 14.44 14.20

15.01 14.75 14.50 14.25 14.25 14.09 14.02 13.91 13.86 13.67

15.28 15.01 15.09 15.15 15.09 15.25 15.58 15.36 15.24 15.31

14.99 14.55 14.66 14.76 14.91 15.01 15.46 15.20 15.22 15.06

14.30 14.07 13.95 14.06 13.94 14.07 14.34 14.35 13.96 13.99

9.44 9.49 9.41 9.65 9.75 9.65 9.94 9.83 9.76 9.70

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999………………

12.32 12.34 12.37 12.32 12.27 12.23 12.24 12.48 12.80 13.13

8.79 8.65 8.61 8.62 8.61 8.68 8.66 8.77 9.25 9.46

7.65 7.71 7.58 7.51 7.52 7.54 7.54 7.86 8.27 8.37

10.07 9.87 9.66 9.62 9.53 9.61 9.75 9.86 10.18 10.66

13.90 13.95 13.99 14.01 13.97 14.01 14.02 14.08 14.25 14.42

13.46 13.22 13.09 12.94 12.83 13.04 12.86 12.90 13.57 13.75

15.03 15.08 15.03 15.04 15.19 15.00 14.78 14.78 15.27 15.18

14.97 14.98 15.26 15.43 15.34 15.16 14.93 15.12 15.41 15.61

13.66 13.47 13.59 13.93 13.81 13.77 13.69 13.88 14.18 14.30

9.80 9.77 9.84 10.00 9.79 9.96 9.87 9.83 10.41 10.61

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

13.21 13.22 13.35 13.55 13.37 13.16 13.39 13.23 13.04 13.32

9.65 9.97 9.96 9.86 9.70 9.49 9.38 9.58 9.46 9.53

8.55 8.77 8.81 8.65 8.51 8.29 8.23 8.38 8.36 8.48

10.76 10.87 10.80 10.81 10.67 10.48 10.43 10.70 10.41 10.46

14.51 14.79 15.09 15.04 14.86 14.68 14.74 14.57 14.72 14.89

13.57 13.84 14.01 14.04 13.82 13.84 13.61 13.34 13.33 13.49

15.13 15.53 15.54 15.56 15.66 15.42 15.36 15.43 15.33 15.62

15.76 15.78 15.89 16.19 16.08 15.86 15.98 15.94 15.85 15.90

14.43 14.75 15.11 15.22 15.29 15.24 15.18 15.18 15.14 15.74

10.73 11.06 11.57 11.47 11.69 11.68 11.56 11.48 11.61 12.30

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

13.16 12.97 12.80

9.37 9.15 9.05

8.42 8.22 8.10

10.03 9.81 9.70

14.72 14.41 14.25

13.19 12.97 12.82

15.38 15.13 14.86

15.77 15.31 15.07

15.67 15.38 15.39

12.16 12.44 12.21

Year and sex

Both Sexes


68


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) 16 to 24 years

25 years and older


Total

16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

1979………………

$10.68

$9.41

$8.94

$10.38

$11.50

$11.92

$11.71

$11.33

$11.06

$9.20

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

10.48 10.36 10.53 10.53 10.46 10.45 10.66 10.83 10.90 10.93

9.15 8.98 8.63 8.38 8.27 8.17 8.22 8.16 8.36 8.39

8.33 8.52 8.11 7.79 7.56 7.35 7.30 7.18 7.29 7.33

10.05 9.90 9.57 9.34 9.18 9.29 9.42 9.46 9.42 9.36

11.25 11.36 11.46 11.47 11.54 11.67 11.90 11.91 12.01 12.13

11.78 11.84 11.85 11.93 11.79 11.79 11.90 11.88 11.87 11.95

11.38 11.55 11.60 11.64 11.81 12.04 12.26 12.28 12.61 12.70

11.22 11.11 11.30 11.38 11.60 11.73 11.98 12.15 12.29 12.34

10.82 10.73 10.96 11.12 11.09 11.12 11.50 11.66 11.34 11.41

8.97 8.98 8.97 9.12 9.20 9.02 9.46 9.38 9.55 9.19

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999………………

10.97 11.10 11.15 11.14 11.10 11.17 11.27 11.33 11.58 11.90

8.43 8.36 8.27 8.25 8.15 8.22 8.28 8.49 8.78 9.09

7.41 7.63 7.52 7.40 7.40 7.40 7.42 7.73 8.13 8.24

9.49 9.39 9.25 9.33 9.16 9.12 9.13 9.34 9.75 9.94

12.04 12.07 12.26 12.32 12.33 12.23 12.29 12.48 12.84 13.13

11.94 11.83 11.94 11.91 11.91 11.86 11.75 11.70 12.38 12.53

12.56 12.71 12.80 12.77 12.92 12.92 12.96 13.04 13.59 13.54

12.20 12.52 12.72 12.80 12.96 13.05 13.03 13.21 13.76 13.71

11.47 11.43 11.54 11.83 11.98 11.87 11.76 11.85 12.45 12.85

9.28 9.47 9.57 9.67 9.56 9.66 9.40 9.74 10.14 10.33

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

12.08 12.50 12.61 12.58 12.36 12.13 12.13 12.16 12.25 12.59

9.33 9.40 9.50 9.48 9.37 9.18 9.10 9.03 8.99 9.19

8.31 8.57 8.67 8.55 8.34 8.14 8.10 8.21 8.22 8.37

10.40 10.38 10.34 10.22 10.11 10.00 10.05 9.97 9.77 9.84

13.19 13.23 13.66 13.75 13.65 13.62 13.52 13.34 13.30 13.66

12.92 12.89 12.91 13.12 12.90 12.78 12.61 12.41 12.49 12.81

13.37 13.54 14.01 13.95 13.91 13.93 13.72 13.69 13.74 13.92

13.57 14.07 14.26 14.72 14.52 14.27 13.96 14.23 14.03 14.01

13.12 13.48 13.79 13.80 14.06 13.95 13.80 13.54 13.86 14.55

10.49 10.56 11.14 11.04 11.13 11.55 11.36 11.24 11.23 11.90

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

12.45 12.22 11.99

9.07 8.91 8.78

8.33 8.12 8.02

9.56 9.35 9.17

13.56 13.37 13.17

12.67 12.37 12.15

13.81 13.71 13.46

14.21 14.04 13.80

14.40 14.32 14.36

11.77 12.00 11.84

Year and sex

Women



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) 16 to 24 years

25 years and older


Total

16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

1979………………

$16.67

$11.50

$9.41

$13.69

$19.73

$18.82

$21.00

$20.94

$19.44

$10.50

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

16.18 15.91 15.64 15.18 14.99 14.93 15.18 15.03 14.76 14.49

10.88 10.44 10.00 9.61 9.62 9.53 9.58 9.50 9.38 9.25

8.94 8.81 8.36 8.05 7.83 7.64 7.64 7.64 7.72 7.85

13.05 12.37 11.69 11.07 10.86 10.65 10.86 10.99 10.80 10.77

19.15 18.84 18.45 18.22 18.11 18.02 18.04 17.72 17.50 17.37

18.38 17.75 17.51 16.97 16.59 16.29 16.06 15.98 15.69 15.31

20.72 20.10 20.30 20.22 20.02 19.96 19.98 19.54 19.07 18.94

20.64 20.56 20.27 20.09 20.40 20.31 20.30 19.81 19.94 19.46

19.20 19.08 18.58 19.17 18.65 18.41 19.08 18.80 18.17 17.89

10.05 10.19 10.18 10.42 10.34 10.16 10.36 10.29 10.30 10.55

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999 1999………………

14.09 14.13 13.89 13.87 13.78 13.82 13.88 14.02 14.15 14 20 14.20

9.27 9.18 9.05 9.00 9.00 9.04 8.99 9.20 9.72 9 81 9.81

7.90 7.80 7.69 7.62 7.63 7.69 7.65 8.00 8.41 8 51 8.51

10.53 10.25 10.00 9.91 10.05 10.21 10.19 10.24 10.94 11 06 11.06

16.76 16.41 16.12 15.93 15.76 16.06 15.71 15.83 16.48 16 53 16.53

15.04 14.70 14.46 14.24 13.94 14.16 14.14 14.15 14.37 14 93 14.93

18.28 18.06 17.52 17.46 17.61 17.80 17.36 17.22 17.55 17 60 17.60

18.96 19.26 19.26 19.01 18.53 18.44 18.08 18.26 18.34 18 84 18.84

17.33 16.58 16.65 17.15 16.94 16.63 16.25 16.82 17.19 16 82 16.82

10.36 10.23 10.34 10.50 10.17 10.25 10.26 9.93 10.89 10 83 10.83

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

14.41 14.68 14.85 14.84 14.61 14.31 14.44 14.34 14.35 14.73

10.17 10.39 10.27 10.16 9.98 9.91 10.01 10.11 9.85 9.87

8.85 8.95 8.95 8.76 8.69 8.48 8.46 8.60 8.51 8.62

11.19 11.57 11.33 11.24 11.02 10.82 11.10 11.03 10.66 10.70

16.32 16.71 16.65 16.54 16.70 16.36 16.25 16.33 16.02 16.13

14.63 15.02 15.17 14.99 14.62 14.32 14.38 14.21 14.36 14.13

17.52 18.05 17.81 17.64 17.74 17.51 17.15 16.80 17.08 17.24

18.53 18.48 18.37 18.64 18.36 17.80 18.27 17.88 17.93 18.19

17.08 16.80 17.07 17.59 17.67 17.40 17.13 17.11 16.95 17.23

11.08 11.67 12.47 12.22 12.03 11.81 12.21 12.19 12.26 12.85

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

14.48 14.08 13.88

9.69 9.42 9.44

8.52 8.33 8.19

10.42 10.10 9.97

15.83 15.42 15.17

13.79 13.45 13.28

16.66 16.36 16.05

17.78 17.22 16.99

17.32 17.42 17.28

12.55 13.11 13.03

Year and sex

Men


70


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages

Year and sex


White


Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Both Sexes 1979……………………………………

$13.10

$13.30

$12.12

–

$12.04

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

12.79 12.47 12.33 12.26 12.27 12.28 12.40 12.51 12.56 12.50

12.94 12.54 12.49 12.41 12.42 12.42 12.56 12.69 12.71 12.67

11.78 11.86 11.55 11.29 11.28 11.20 11.60 11.59 11.47 11.50

– – – – – – – – – –

11.78 11.65 11.44 11.16 11.09 11.14 11.30 11.26 11.10 10.86

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

12.32 12.34 12.37 12.32 12.27 12.23 12.24 12.48 12.80 13.13

12.49 12.52 12.53 12.47 12.42 12.46 12.49 12.67 12.97 13.42

11.60 11.51 11.31 11.24 11.16 11.47 11.31 11.43 11.80 12.19

– – – – – – – – – –

10.70 10.63 10.66 10.69 10.61 10.48 10.45 10.54 11.14 11.12

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

13.21 13.22 13.35 13.55 13.37 13.16 13.39 13.23 13.04 13.32

13.28 13.31 13.66 13.70 13.52 13.51 13.51 13.38 13.37 13.55

12.45 12.68 12.67 12.67 12.38 11.96 12.14 12.06 11.94 12.46

$13.43 13.94 13.21 13.88 13.49 14.13 14.27 13.53 13.87 14.09

11.39 11.75 11.76 12.18 11.92 11.71 11.53 11.34 11.70 11.82

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

13.16 12.97 12.80

13.41 13.17 13.04

12.39 12.03 11.84

13.92 13.62 13.23

11.45 11.28 11.12



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)

Year and sex


White


Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Women 1979……………………………………

$10.68

$10.68

$10.47

–

$10.15

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

10.48 10.36 10.53 10.53 10.46 10.45 10.66 10.83 10.90 10.93

10.50 10.36 10.53 10.55 10.48 10.47 10.70 10.87 10.93 10.97

10.29 10.15 10.25 10.35 10.25 10.26 10.34 10.44 10.47 10.52

– – – – – – – – – –

10.03 9.93 9.89 9.69 9.79 9.82 10.00 9.88 9.85 9.89

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

10.97 11.10 11.15 11.14 11.10 11.17 11.27 11.33 11.58 11.90

11.01 11.12 11.20 11.21 11.24 11.29 11.36 11.41 11.72 12.02

10.61 10.77 10.64 10.75 10.61 10.66 10.50 10.83 11.11 11.20

– – – – – – – – – –

9.88 9.84 9.89 9.87 9.80 9.88 9.87 9.73 10.15 10.28

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

12.08 12.50 12.61 12.58 12.36 12.13 12.13 12.16 12.25 12.59

12.12 12.62 12.68 12.62 12.41 12.35 12.27 12.25 12.47 12.67

11.81 11.87 12.05 12.37 12.07 11.68 11.51 11.57 11.49 11.79

$13.03 13.06 12.88 13.33 12.84 13.69 13.61 13.10 13.06 13.57

10.52 10.74 10.89 11.09 10.98 10.80 10.82 10.85 10.74 10.80

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

12.45 12.22 11.99

12.51 12.30 12.08

11.79 11.51 11.23

13.06 13.06 12.75

10.64 10.46 10.21


72


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)

Year and sex


White


Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Men $14.13

13.74 14.07 13.63 13.07 12.97 12.53 13.14 13.04 12.95 12.65

– – – – – – – – – – –

14.57 14.51 14.25 14.19 14.10 14.40 14.27 14.21 14 32 14.32 14.61

12.56 12.45 12.21 12.00 12.13 12.22 11.92 12.37 12 78 12.78 13.46

– – – – – – – – – –

11.48 11.32 11.20 11.14 10.98 10.87 11.11 11.27 11 59 11.59 11.86

14.41 14.68 14.85 14.84 14.61 14.31 14.44 14.34 14.35 14.73

14.60 15.06 15.13 15.02 14.78 14.67 14.67 14.64 14.77 14.94

13.31 13.20 13.06 13.50 13.22 12.82 13.01 12.81 12.78 13.14

$14.39 15.36 14.06 14.84 14.46 15.00 15.01 14.64 14.96 15.00

12.05 12.54 12.65 12.52 12.17 11.99 12.35 12.26 12.61 12.76

14.48 14.08 13.88

14.71 14.31 14.17

12.80 12.31 12.20

14.85 14.54 14.15

12.35 12.05 11.96

1979……………………………………

$16.67

$17.08

$14.42

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

16.18 15.91 15.64 15.18 14.99 14.93 15.18 15.03 14.76 14.49

16.53 16.25 15.94 15.50 15.28 15.44 15.56 15.34 15.04 14.81

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

14.09 14.13 13.89 13.87 13.78 13.82 13.88 14.02 14 15 14.15 14.20

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009…………………………………… 2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

13.34 13.00 13.08 12.74 12.72 12.36 12.38 12.32 12.15 11.91

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages 16 to 24 years Year and sex


Total

25 years and older

16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older


$241

$172

$144

$186

$265

$255

$280

$276

$262

$198

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

262 284 302 313 326 344 359 374 385 399

187 200 208 211 217 224 232 243 249 259

154 161 164 164 169 174 178 186 196 204

200 213 220 223 231 240 248 259 266 276

286 308 327 343 362 379 391 403 414 427

276 296 311 321 335 349 360 373 383 394

302 326 354 370 389 406 419 435 450 472

298 320 345 367 385 400 416 429 453 472

285 309 325 346 366 381 397 405 419 431

203 222 253 261 272 297 298 310 323 334

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999………………

412 426 440 459 467 479 490 503 523 549

269 277 276 282 286 292 298 306 319 341

209 213 212 214 221 231 240 252 268 281

285 291 290 297 300 306 312 321 339 363

449 467 479 491 500 510 520 540 572 592

407 415 422 436 439 451 463 481 502 518

486 498 503 517 537 550 559 579 597 611

489 507 522 542 566 582 594 607 620 652

457 469 483 492 501 514 535 558 592 604

343 381 378 393 384 389 384 393 405 404

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

576 596 608 620 638 651 671 695 722 739

361 375 381 387 390 397 409 424 443 442

297 305 305 311 309 318 324 337 349 344

383 394 399 402 406 411 423 450 467 464

609 630 646 662 683 696 718 738 761 774

549 576 591 594 604 610 621 643 666 678

625 657 668 687 713 731 748 769 804 817

669 693 706 723 743 748 773 790 822 838

620 638 674 708 725 742 765 803 825 841

463 488 502 516 560 569 583 605 644 684

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

747 756 768

432 440 444

347 352 356

454 457 464

782 797 815

682 693 707

824 837 858

844 866 878

860 881 897

684 742 757


74


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) 16 to 24 years Year and sex


Total

25 years and older

16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

Women 1979………………

$182

$154

$132

$161

$195

$199

$196

$192

$189

$170

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

201 219 239 252 265 277 291 303 315 328

167 180 192 198 203 211 219 227 235 246

145 154 158 158 162 166 170 172 184 197

175 191 201 207 213 221 231 242 251 260

213 233 255 268 283 296 308 321 335 351

218 239 258 272 285 296 306 316 327 340

214 238 258 272 292 307 319 337 354 370

209 225 252 264 279 292 308 324 339 357

205 222 245 257 270 285 296 308 317 333

175 189 211 212 219 242 256 261 280 292

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999………………

346 366 380 393 399 406 418 431 456 473

254 266 267 273 276 275 284 292 305 324

198 205 205 205 211 215 223 240 249 266

269 280 280 289 290 291 298 306 319 343

369 387 400 415 421 428 444 462 485 497

356 371 382 395 397 403 415 427 451 470

390 407 418 435 448 453 463 482 498 503

377 398 417 440 450 464 481 495 516 534

348 363 376 395 398 403 420 433 476 492

300 319 328 335 336 353 334 348 350 370

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

493 512 529 552 573 585 600 614 638 657

344 353 367 371 375 381 395 409 420 424

283 288 295 299 293 304 305 318 322 323

366 375 385 387 391 396 413 426 445 445

516 543 568 584 599 612 627 646 670 687

493 512 530 546 561 573 583 597 623 634

521 547 571 590 608 621 645 668 682 709

564 587 602 609 625 644 659 677 707 712

508 536 574 601 615 639 658 679 711 727

392 390 430 435 478 492 510 534 563 602

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

669 684 691

422 421 416

336 328 330

439 438 429

704 718 727

648 662 666

731 734 747

730 744 746

736 749 766

601 664 667



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) 16 to 24 years Year and sex


Total

25 years and older

16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

Men 1979………………

$292

$196

$155

$211

$314

$295

$336

$338

$312

$219

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

313 340 364 379 392 407 419 434 449 468

208 218 225 223 231 241 246 257 262 271

162 168 170 168 174 183 186 196 205 209

224 237 244 242 250 258 264 275 279 290

339 372 393 407 422 443 463 477 487 500

314 340 358 371 382 394 402 412 421 434

367 397 422 442 471 487 499 510 517 542

367 396 419 444 470 489 506 520 549 569

345 377 399 416 439 467 484 495 509 521

229 266 300 308 328 367 358 380 395 393

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999………………

481 493 501 510 522 538 557 579 598 618

282 285 284 288 294 303 307 317 334 356

218 219 218 221 228 244 251 262 281 291

298 300 297 303 307 315 321 338 357 379

512 523 536 555 576 588 599 615 639 668

449 458 466 476 479 490 499 515 544 577

560 576 581 596 617 624 632 651 677 702

591 612 634 653 671 685 698 713 732 763

546 563 579 586 603 623 643 669 699 725

403 467 421 451 441 441 477 452 482 470

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

641 670 679 695 713 722 743 766 798 819

375 391 391 398 400 409 418 443 461 458

306 319 312 321 318 330 348 357 369 356

395 408 410 412 417 422 435 472 481 479

693 720 732 744 762 771 797 823 857 873

598 617 627 628 639 644 661 687 704 715

728 754 759 775 804 822 836 873 915 916

771 799 807 834 857 853 897 909 944 967

735 760 802 827 843 855 902 933 943 965

522 565 583 612 641 644 658 686 753 791

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

824 832 854

443 455 468

355 370 373

468 470 482

874 886 910

714 717 738

915 935 957

954 979 994

979 997 1,005

794 821 860

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

76



Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages

Year and sex


White


Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Both Sexes

–

1979……………………………………

$241

$248

$199

$194

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

262 284 302 313 326 344 359 374 385 399

269 291 310 320 336 356 371 384 395 409

212 235 245 261 269 277 291 301 314 319

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

412 426 440 459 467 479 490 503 523 549

424 442 458 475 484 494 506 519 545 573

329 348 357 369 371 383 387 400 426 445

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

576 596 608 620 638 651 671 695 722 739

590 610 623 636 657 672 690 716 742 757

474 491 498 514 525 520 554 569 589 601

$615 639 658 693 708 753 784 830 861 880

399 417 424 440 456 471 486 503 529 541

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

747 756 768

765 775 792

611 615 621

855 866 920

535 549 568

209 223 240 250 259 270 277 285 290 298 304 312 321 331 324 329 339 351 370 385



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)

Year and sex


White


Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Women

–

1979……………………………………

$182

$184

$169

$157

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

201 219 239 252 265 277 291 303 315 328

203 221 242 254 268 281 294 307 318 334

185 206 217 232 241 252 264 276 288 301

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999 1999……………………………………

346 366 380 393 399 406 418 431 456 473

353 373 387 401 408 415 428 444 468 483

308 323 335 348 346 355 362 375 400 409

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

493 512 529 552 573 585 600 614 638 657

502 522 547 567 584 596 609 626 654 669

429 454 473 491 505 499 519 533 554 582

$547 563 566 598 613 665 699 731 753 779

366 388 397 410 419 429 440 473 501 509

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

669 684 691

684 703 710

592 595 599

773 751 770

508 518 521

172 190 203 215 223 230 241 251 260 269 278 292 302 313 305 305 316 318 337 348


78


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)

Year and sex


White


Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Men

–

1979……………………………………

$292

$298

$227

$219

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

313 340 364 379 392 407 419 434 449 468

320 350 375 387 401 418 433 450 465 482

244 268 278 294 303 305 319 327 348 348

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999 1999……………………………………

481 493 501 510 522 538 557 579 598 618

494 506 514 524 547 566 580 595 615 638

361 375 380 392 400 411 412 432 468 488

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

641 670 679 695 713 722 743 766 798 819

662 689 702 715 732 743 761 788 825 845

510 529 524 555 569 559 591 600 620 621

$685 732 756 772 802 825 882 936 966 952

417 440 451 464 480 489 505 520 559 569

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

824 832 854

850 856 879

633 653 665

936 970 1,055

560 571 592

234 251 269 274 287 296 299 306 308 315 318 323 339 346 343 350 356 371 390 406

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual averages

Year and sex





Both Sexes 1979……………………………………

$265

$210

$249

$282

$344

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………..... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

286 308 327 343 362 379 391 403 414 427

222 240 248 256 263 270 278 284 288 297

266 286 302 311 323 333 344 356 368 375

304 324 351 363 382 399 409 421 430 452

376 407 438 461 486 506 525 564 585 609

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

449 467 479 491 500 510 520 540 572 592

303 307 311 314 307 309 317 321 337 346

386 397 403 415 421 432 443 461 479 490

476 489 484 494 499 508 518 535 558 580

638 666 696 715 733 747 758 779 821 860

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

609 630 646 662 683 696 718 738 761 774

362 382 388 396 401 409 419 428 453 454

505 520 535 554 574 583 595 604 618 626

596 617 629 639 661 670 692 704 722 726

891 921 941 964 986 1,013 1,039 1,072 1,115 1,137

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

782 797 815

444 451 471

626 638 652

734 739 749

1,144 1,150 1,165


80


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)

Year and sex





Women 1979……………………………………

$195

$152

$185

$211

$264

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………..... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

213 233 255 268 283 296 308 321 335 351

164 175 184 195 200 202 208 214 221 231

201 217 236 246 259 268 277 288 298 304

231 255 274 288 305 317 330 347 360 379

290 318 346 369 390 414 436 466 485 507

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

369 387 400 415 421 428 444 462 485 497

240 250 256 263 257 262 268 275 283 290

315 328 337 347 351 356 365 378 396 405

395 409 407 422 423 427 442 459 476 488

535 562 594 611 634 644 657 672 707 740

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

516 543 568 584 599 612 627 646 670 687

304 316 325 329 334 341 358 369 378 382

420 443 458 474 488 493 500 512 520 542

505 520 543 560 577 587 602 609 628 630

756 786 809 832 860 883 905 932 955 970

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

704 718 727

388 395 386

543 554 561

638 645 659

986 998 1,001



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)

Year and sex





Men 1979……………………………………

$314

$252

$308

$329

$396

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………..... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

339 372 393 407 422 443 463 477 487 500

267 286 293 301 308 314 321 324 332 346

327 356 374 388 399 407 416 423 437 450

358 389 411 422 446 472 485 497 503 517

427 475 503 518 562 590 618 653 679 705

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

512 523 536 555 576 588 599 615 639 668

349 349 351 356 342 347 357 365 383 395

459 470 479 487 496 507 516 535 559 580

542 563 555 572 587 596 604 621 643 665

741 764 791 806 826 845 874 896 939 977

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

693 720 732 744 762 771 797 823 857 873

406 419 421 429 446 455 469 481 497 500

591 609 617 628 645 652 678 689 709 716

691 723 731 740 761 766 796 810 830 835

1,020 1,067 1,090 1,131 1,143 1,167 1,205 1,243 1,285 1,327

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

874 886 910

486 488 508

710 720 735

845 840 857

1,330 1,332 1,371


82


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages 16 to 24 years Year and sex


25 years and older

Total

16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older


$4.44

$3.49

$3.10

$4.02

$5.11

$5.20

$5.29

$5.16

$4.97

$3.23

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

4.82 5.15 5.40 5.59 5.83 6.03 6.20 6.47 6.73 6.99

3.71 3.97 4.05 4.08 4.18 4.26 4.41 4.59 4.79 4.95

3.22 3.58 3.60 3.61 3.65 3.67 3.71 3.81 4.03 4.22

4.29 4.61 4.66 4.69 4.82 4.94 5.06 5.21 5.38 5.65

5.55 5.99 6.28 6.55 6.84 7.05 7.23 7.46 7.74 7.94

5.66 6.09 6.35 6.50 6.77 6.92 7.01 7.19 7.43 7.64

5.76 6.20 6.61 6.91 7.17 7.49 7.79 7.94 8.17 8.56

5.65 6.01 6.42 6.73 7.08 7.37 7.73 7.86 8.16 8.42

5.39 5.81 6.11 6.41 6.62 6.91 7.17 7.42 7.48 7.82

3.56 3.92 4.12 4.40 4.63 4.74 4.97 5.08 5.23 5.42

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999………………

7.23 7.50 7.72 7.87 8.01 8.17 8.40 8.75 9.10 9.53

5.16 5.26 5.37 5.51 5.62 5.80 5.94 6.15 6.58 6.87

4.49 4.69 4.73 4.80 4.91 5.04 5.17 5.51 5.88 6.08

5.91 6.00 6.03 6.15 6.22 6.42 6.69 6.91 7.24 7.74

8.16 8.48 8.73 8.95 9.12 9.36 9.62 9.87 10.13 10.47

7.90 8.04 8.17 8.27 8.38 8.71 8.82 9.04 9.65 9.98

8.82 9.17 9.38 9.61 9.92 10.02 10.14 10.36 10.86 11.02

8.79 9.11 9.52 9.86 10.02 10.13 10.24 10.60 10.96 11.33

8.02 8.19 8.48 8.90 9.02 9.20 9.39 9.73 10.08 10.38

5.75 5.94 6.14 6.39 6.39 6.65 6.77 6.89 7.40 7.70

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

9.91 10.19 10.47 10.85 11.00 11.19 11.76 11.95 12.23 12.44

7.24 7.69 7.81 7.90 7.98 8.07 8.24 8.65 8.87 8.90

6.41 6.76 6.91 6.93 7.00 7.05 7.23 7.57 7.84 7.92

8.07 8.38 8.47 8.66 8.78 8.91 9.16 9.66 9.76 9.77

10.88 11.40 11.83 12.05 12.23 12.48 12.94 13.16 13.81 13.91

10.18 10.67 10.98 11.25 11.37 11.76 11.95 12.05 12.50 12.60

11.35 11.97 12.18 12.46 12.89 13.11 13.49 13.93 14.38 14.59

11.82 12.17 12.46 12.97 13.23 13.48 14.03 14.39 14.87 14.85

10.82 11.37 11.85 12.19 12.58 12.95 13.33 13.71 14.20 14.70

8.05 8.53 9.07 9.19 9.62 9.93 10.15 10.37 10.89 11.49

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

12.50 12.71 12.80

8.90 8.97 9.05

8.00 8.06 8.10

9.53 9.61 9.70

13.98 14.12 14.25

12.53 12.71 12.82

14.61 14.83 14.86

14.98 15.00 15.07

14.89 15.07 15.39

11.55 12.19 12.21



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) 16 to 24 years Year and sex


25 years and older

Total

16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

Women 1979………………

$3.62

$3.19

$3.03

$3.52

$3.90

$4.04

$3.97

$3.84

$3.75

$3.12

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

3.95 4.28 4.61 4.80 4.97 5.13 5.33 5.60 5.84 6.11

3.45 3.71 3.78 3.82 3.93 4.01 4.11 4.22 4.48 4.69

3.14 3.52 3.55 3.55 3.59 3.61 3.65 3.71 3.91 4.10

3.79 4.09 4.19 4.26 4.36 4.56 4.71 4.89 5.05 5.23

4.24 4.69 5.02 5.23 5.48 5.73 5.95 6.16 6.44 6.78

4.44 4.89 5.19 5.44 5.60 5.79 5.95 6.14 6.36 6.68

4.29 4.77 5.08 5.31 5.61 5.91 6.13 6.35 6.76 7.10

4.23 4.59 4.95 5.19 5.51 5.76 5.99 6.28 6.59 6.90

4.08 4.43 4.80 5.07 5.27 5.46 5.75 6.03 6.08 6.38

3.38 3.71 3.93 4.16 4.37 4.43 4.73 4.85 5.12 5.14

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999………………

6.44 6.75 6.96 7.12 7.25 7.46 7.73 7.94 8.23 8.64

4.95 5.08 5.16 5.27 5.32 5.49 5.68 5.95 6.24 6.60

4.35 4.64 4.69 4.73 4.83 4.94 5.09 5.42 5.78 5.98

5.57 5.71 5.77 5.96 5.98 6.09 6.26 6.55 6.93 7.22

7.07 7.34 7.65 7.87 8.05 8.17 8.43 8.75 9.13 9.53

7.01 7.19 7.45 7.61 7.78 7.92 8.06 8.20 8.80 9.10

7.37 7.73 7.99 8.16 8.44 8.63 8.89 9.14 9.66 9.83

7.16 7.61 7.94 8.18 8.46 8.72 8.94 9.26 9.78 9.95

6.73 6.95 7.20 7.56 7.82 7.93 8.07 8.31 8.85 9.33

5.45 5.76 5.97 6.18 6.24 6.45 6.45 6.83 7.21 7.50

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

9.06 9.64 9.89 10.08 10.17 10.31 10.65 10.98 11.49 11.76

7.00 7.25 7.45 7.59 7.71 7.80 7.99 8.15 8.43 8.58

6.23 6.61 6.80 6.85 6.86 6.92 7.11 7.41 7.71 7.82

7.80 8.00 8.11 8.19 8.32 8.50 8.82 9.00 9.16 9.19

9.89 10.20 10.71 11.01 11.23 11.58 11.87 12.05 12.48 12.76

9.69 9.94 10.12 10.51 10.62 10.86 11.07 11.21 11.72 11.96

10.03 10.44 10.98 11.17 11.45 11.84 12.05 12.36 12.89 13.00

10.18 10.85 11.18 11.79 11.95 12.13 12.26 12.85 13.16 13.09

9.84 10.39 10.81 11.05 11.57 11.86 12.12 12.23 13.00 13.59

7.87 8.14 8.73 8.84 9.16 9.82 9.97 10.15 10.53 11.11

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

11.83 11.98 11.99

8.62 8.73 8.78

7.91 7.96 8.02

9.08 9.16 9.17

12.88 13.10 13.17

12.04 12.12 12.15

13.12 13.44 13.46

13.50 13.76 13.80

13.68 14.03 14.36

11.18 11.76 11.84


84


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) 16 to 24 years Year and sex


25 years and older

Total

16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Total

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 years and older

Men 1979………………

$5.65

$3.90

$3.19

$4.64

$6.69

$6.38

$7.12

$7.10

$6.59

$3.56

1980……………… 1981……………… 1982……………… 1983……………… 1984……………… 1985……………… 1986……………… 1987……………… 1988……………… 1989………………

6.10 6.57 6.85 6.92 7.12 7.33 7.59 7.77 7.91 8.10

4.10 4.31 4.38 4.38 4.57 4.68 4.79 4.91 5.03 5.17

3.37 3.64 3.66 3.67 3.72 3.75 3.82 3.95 4.14 4.39

4.92 5.11 5.12 5.05 5.16 5.23 5.43 5.68 5.79 6.02

7.22 7.78 8.08 8.31 8.60 8.85 9.02 9.16 9.38 9.71

6.93 7.33 7.67 7.74 7.88 8.00 8.03 8.26 8.41 8.56

7.81 8.30 8.89 9.22 9.51 9.80 9.99 10.10 10.22 10.59

7.78 8.49 8.88 9.16 9.69 9.97 10.15 10.24 10.69 10.88

7.24 7.88 8.14 8.74 8.86 9.04 9.54 9.72 9.74 10.00

3.79 4.21 4.46 4.75 4.91 4.99 5.18 5.32 5.52 5.90

1990……………… 1991……………… 1992……………… 1993……………… 1994……………… 1995……………… 1996……………… 1997……………… 1998……………… 1999………………

8.27 8.59 8.67 8.86 9.00 9.23 9.52 9.83 10.06 10.31

5.44 5.58 5.65 5.75 5.88 6.04 6.17 6.45 6.91 7.12

4.64 4.74 4.80 4.87 4.98 5.14 5.25 5.61 5.98 6.18

6.18 6.23 6.24 6.33 6.56 6.82 6.99 7.18 7.78 8.03

9.84 9.98 10.06 10.18 10.29 10.73 10.78 11.10 11.72 12.00

8.83 8.94 9.02 9.10 9.10 9.46 9.70 9.92 10.22 10.84

10.73 10.98 10.93 11.16 11.50 11.89 11.91 12.07 12.48 12.78

11.13 11.71 12.02 12.15 12.10 12.32 12.40 12.80 13.04 13.68

10.17 10.08 10.39 10.96 11.06 11.11 11.15 11.79 12.22 12.21

6.08 6.22 6.45 6.71 6.64 6.85 7.04 6.96 7.74 7.86

2000……………… 2001……………… 2002……………… 2003……………… 2004……………… 2005……………… 2006……………… 2007……………… 2008……………… 2009………………

10.81 11.32 11.64 11.89 12.02 12.16 12.68 12.95 13.46 13.76

7.63 8.01 8.05 8.14 8.21 8.42 8.79 9.13 9.24 9.22

6.64 6.90 7.02 7.02 7.15 7.21 7.43 7.77 7.98 8.05

8.39 8.92 8.88 9.00 9.07 9.20 9.75 9.96 10.00 9.99

12.24 12.88 13.05 13.25 13.74 13.91 14.27 14.75 15.03 15.07

10.97 11.58 11.89 12.01 12.03 12.17 12.63 12.83 13.47 13.20

13.14 13.92 13.96 14.13 14.60 14.88 15.06 15.17 16.02 16.10

13.90 14.25 14.40 14.93 15.11 15.13 16.04 16.15 16.82 16.99

12.81 12.95 13.38 14.09 14.54 14.79 15.04 15.45 15.90 16.09

8.31 9.00 9.78 9.79 9.90 10.04 10.72 11.01 11.50 12.00

2010……………… 2011……………… 2012………………

13.76 13.80 13.88

9.21 9.23 9.44

8.09 8.16 8.19

9.90 9.90 9.97

15.04 15.11 15.17

13.10 13.18 13.28

15.83 16.03 16.05

16.89 16.88 16.99

16.45 17.07 17.28

11.92 12.85 13.03



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages Total, 16 years and older

White


1979……………………………………

$4.44

$4.51

$4.11

–

$4.08

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

4.82 5.15 5.40 5.59 5.83 6.03 6.20 6.47 6.73 6.99

4.88 5.18 5.47 5.66 5.90 6.10 6.28 6.56 6.81 7.08

4.44 4.90 5.06 5.15 5.36 5.50 5.80 5.99 6.15 6.43

– – – – – – – – – –

4.44 4.81 5.01 5.09 5.27 5.47 5.65 5.82 5.95 6.07

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

7.23 7.50 7.72 7.87 8.01 8.17 8.40 8.75 9.10 9.53

7.33 7.61 7.82 7.97 8.11 8.32 8.57 8.88 9.22 9.74

6.81 7.00 7.06 7.18 7.29 7.66 7.76 8.01 8.39 8.85

– – – – – – – – – –

6.28 6.46 6.65 6.83 6.93 7.00 7.17 7.39 7.92 8.07

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

9.91 10.19 10.47 10.85 11.00 11.19 11.76 11.95 12.23 12.44

9.96 10.26 10.71 10.97 11.13 11.48 11.86 12.08 12.54 12.66

9.34 9.78 9.93 10.15 10.19 10.17 10.66 10.89 11.20 11.64

$10.07 10.75 10.36 11.12 11.10 12.01 12.53 12.22 13.01 13.16

8.54 9.06 9.22 9.76 9.81 9.95 10.12 10.24 10.97 11.04

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

12.50 12.71 12.80

12.74 12.91 13.04

11.77 11.79 11.84

13.22 13.35 13.23

10.88 11.05 11.12

Year and sex

Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Both Sexes


86


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued) Total, 16 years and older

White


1979……………………………………

$3.62

$3.62

$3.55

–

$3.44

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989……………………………………

3.95 4.28 4.61 4.80 4.97 5.13 5.33 5.60 5.84 6.11

3.96 4.28 4.61 4.81 4.98 5.14 5.35 5.62 5.86 6.13

3.88 4.19 4.49 4.72 4.87 5.04 5.17 5.40 5.61 5.88

– – – – – – – – – –

3.78 4.10 4.33 4.42 4.65 4.82 5.00 5.11 5.28 5.53

1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999……………………………………

6.44 6.75 6.96 7.12 7.25 7.46 7.73 7.94 8.23 8.64

6.46 6.76 6.99 7.16 7.34 7.54 7.79 8.00 8.33 8.73

6.23 6.55 6.64 6.87 6.93 7.12 7.20 7.59 7.90 8.13

– – – – – – – – – –

5.80 5.98 6.17 6.31 6.40 6.60 6.77 6.82 7.22 7.46

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

9.06 9.64 9.89 10.08 10.17 10.31 10.65 10.98 11.49 11.76

9.09 9.73 9.94 10.11 10.21 10.50 10.77 11.06 11.70 11.83

8.86 9.15 9.45 9.91 9.93 9.93 10.11 10.45 10.78 11.01

$9.77 10.07 10.10 10.68 10.57 11.64 11.95 11.83 12.25 12.67

7.89 8.28 8.54 8.88 9.04 9.18 9.50 9.80 10.07 10.09

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

11.83 11.98 11.99

11.88 12.05 12.08

11.20 11.28 11.23

12.41 12.80 12.75

10.11 10.25 10.21

Year and sex

Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Women



HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)

Year and sex


White


Asian

Hispanic or Latino

Men 1979……………………………………

$5.65

$5.79

$4.89

6.10 6.57 6.85 6.92 7.12 7.33 7.59 7.77 7.91 8.10

6.23 6.71 6.98 7.07 7.26 7.58 7.78 7.93 8.06 8.28

5.18 5.81 5.97 5.96 6.16 6.15 6.57 6.74 6.94 7.07

– – – – – – – – – – –

$4.79

1980…………………………………… 1981…………………………………… 1982…………………………………… 1983…………………………………… 1984…………………………………… 1985…………………………………… 1986………………………………....... 1987…………………………………… 1988…………………………………… 1989…………………………………… 1990…………………………………… 1991…………………………………… 1992…………………………………… 1993…………………………………… 1994…………………………………… 1995…………………………………… 1996…………………………………… 1997…………………………………… 1998…………………………………… 1999 1999……………………………………

8.27 8.59 8.67 8.86 9.00 9.23 9.52 9.83 10.06 10.31

8.55 8.82 8.89 9.07 9.21 9.62 9.79 9.96 10.18 10.61

7.37 7.57 7.62 7.67 7.92 8.16 8.18 8.67 9.09 9.77

– – – – – – – – – –

6.74 6.88 6.99 7.12 7.17 7.26 7.62 7.90 8.24 8.61

2000…………………………………… 2001…………………………………… 2002…………………………………… 2003…………………………………… 2004…………………………………… 2005…………………………………… 2006…………………………………… 2007…………………………………… 2008…………………………………… 2009……………………………………

10.81 11.32 11.64 11.89 12.02 12.16 12.68 12.95 13.46 13.76

10.95 11.61 11.86 12.03 12.16 12.47 12.88 13.22 13.85 13.95

9.98 10.18 10.24 10.81 10.88 10.90 11.42 11.57 11.99 12.27

$10.79 11.84 11.02 11.89 11.90 12.75 13.18 13.22 14.03 14.01

9.04 9.67 9.92 10.03 10.02 10.19 10.84 11.07 11.83 11.92

2010…………………………………… 2011…………………………………… 2012……………………………………

13.76 13.80 13.88

13.97 14.02 14.17

12.16 12.06 12.20

14.11 14.25 14.15

11.73 11.81 11.96

5.03 5.37 5.73 5.81 6.04 6.07 6.19 6.37 6.51 6.66

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

88



Technical Notes The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides a wide range of information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The earnings data are collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. (Self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are excluded from CPS earnings estimates.) The data, therefore, exclude selfemployment income. Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used without permission. This information is available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339.

Concepts and definitions

The principal concepts and definitions used in connection with the earnings data in this report are described briefly below. Usual weekly earnings. The data represent earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Prior to 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The definition of the term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a

definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Medians (and other quantiles) of weekly earnings. Most of the earnings estimates shown in this report are medians. The median (or upper limit of the second quartile) is the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median. Ten percent of a given distribution have earnings below the upper limit of the first decile (90 percent have higher earnings), 25 percent have earnings below the upper limit of the first quartile (75 percent have higher earnings), 75 percent have earnings below the upper limit of the third quartile (25 percent have higher earnings), and 90 percent have earnings below the upper limit of the ninth decile (10 percent have higher earnings). The BLS procedure for estimating the median of an earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. The median is calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies. Over-the-year changes in the medians (and other quantile boundaries) for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall quantile boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows: • There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-year-olds and the median earnings of those 25 years and older may rise, but if the lower earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall. • There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a quantile boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as $400 or $500. An estimate lying in a

BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov 89 89

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked distribution that shifts over time. As such a distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians (and other quantile boundaries) mitigate such irregular movements; however, users should be cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians. Constant dollars. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the official histories of price index series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPIU-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further information, see Kenneth J. Stewart and Stephen B. Reed, “CPI research series using current methods, 1978–98,” Monthly Labor Review, June 1999, available at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/06/ art4full.pdf; and “Questions and Answers: Consumer Price Index Research Series Using Current Methods,” at www. bls.gov/cpi/cpirsqa.pdf. This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-URS available at the time of production. Users should note, however, that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the constant-dollar earnings estimates in this report may differ from that in previous reports in this series or in other publications.

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Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but, for purposes of the earnings series, it excludes all self-employed persons, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Full-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of earnings, workers who usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job are defined as working full time. Part-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of earnings, workers who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job are defined as working part time. Workers paid by the hour. Historically, workers paid an hourly wage have made up approximately three-fifths of all wage and salary workers. Workers paid by the hour are included in the full- and part-time worker tables in this report, along with salaried workers and other workers not paid by the hour. Data for workers paid at hourly rates are presented separately in tables 8–11, 15–16, 20–21, and 25–26. Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage. The estimates of the numbers of workers with reported earnings at or below the federal minimum wage in tables 10 and 11 pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other workers who are not paid by the hour are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the minimum wage. Consequently, the estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. Research has shown, however, that the degree of understatement is small. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because of data quality concerns associated with such an estimation process.


HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012 The prevailing federal minimum wage was $2.90, effective January 1, 1979; $3.10, effective January 1, 1980; $3.35, effective January 1, 1981; $3.80, effective April 1, 1990; $4.25, effective April 1, 1991; $4.75, effective October 1, 1996; $5.15, effective September 1, 1997; $5.85, effective July 24, 2007; $6.55, effective July 24, 2008; and $7.25, effective July 24, 2009. Data for 1990–1991, 1996–1997, and 2007–2009 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place during those years. It should be noted that a number of states have established minimum-wage rates that exceed the federal level. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), because there are a number of exemptions to the minimum-wage provisions of the law. In addition, some workers might have rounded their hourly earnings in response to survey questions. As a result, some might have reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage when, in fact, they earned the minimum wage or higher. Race. In the survey process, race is determined by the household respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget guidelines, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. Those who identify multiple race groups are categorized as persons of two or more races. Previously, people identified a group as their main race. More information on the 2003 changes to questions on race is available at www.bls.gov/ cps/rvcps03.pdf. Data for American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders, and persons of two or more races are not included in this report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of sufficient quality.

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Reliability

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. Estimates of earnings and their standard errors can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that include the true population value with known probabilities. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Additional information about reliability of data from the CPS and guidance on estimating standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation. htm#reliability.

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