Housing, House Prices and the Equity Premium Puzzle - Board of ...

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treat housing services separately from all other consumption in utility. This modeling ... consumption of housing services) ct and housing services ht is equal to.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.

Housing, House Prices, and the Equity Premium Puzzle

Morris A. Davis and Robert F. Martin 2005-13 NOTE: Staff working papers in the Finance and Economics Discussion Series (FEDS) are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The analysis and conclusions set forth are those of the authors and do not indicate concurrence by other members of the research staff or the Board of Governors. References in publications to the Finance and Economics Discussion Series (other than acknowledgement) should be cleared with the author(s) to protect the tentative character of these papers.

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