How Watershed Management and Land-Use affect Water Production

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Kilometers. Hamlet, A. F., and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2005. Production of temporally consistent gridded precipitation and temperature fields for the continental united ...
How Watershed Management and Land-Use affect Water Production in Utah? Ibrahim N. Mohammed David G. Tarboton Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University

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Overview Impacts of LandUse Changes on water Production.  Water Input? Natural Runoff?  12 Watersheds in The State of Utah (HUC 8). 

Long Time Scale Water Balance

P E

∆S=P-Q-E P=Q+E Q=P-E

∆S (Milly, 1994)

Q

Regional Studies of Climate and the Water Balance...

P=Q+E E=P

E Q

E=Ep

E

P (Budyko, 1979)

Long Time Scale Water Balance and Runoff 2.0

2.0

Q=P-E 1.5

Reducing Retention

1.0

Q/Ep

1.0

(Budyko, 1979)

0.5

0.5

0.0

0.0

E/Ep

1.5

Reducing Retention

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0.0

P/Ep

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

P/Ep

• Ep/P is an index of dryness, • Reduced retention increases runoff (deforestation), • Imperviousness increases runoff, • Variability in Q due to differences between large numbers, P-E • Greater relative sensitivity in arid areas.

Hamlet, A. F., and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2005. Production of temporally consistent gridded precipitation and temperature fields for the continental united states. Journal of Hydrometeorology 6(3): 330 336. Oregon

Idaho

South Dakota Wyoming

Nevada Utah Colorado

California

Precipitation, Air Temp., Wind speed

Oklahoma Arizona

N

0

150

300 Kilometers

New Mexico

600

Texas

Daily Gridded Great Basin & Colorado datasets, 1/8 - degree resolution.

Streamflow... (USGS-HCDN)

Idaho ! !

!

Wyoming

! !

Nevada

Hydro-Climatic Data Network

Utah

!

!

!

Bear River near UT-WY state line

N

!

0

100

!

200

0.6

!

Kilometers

0.5

!!

Colorado !

!

0.4

! !

Arizona

0.3

Escalante Desert Upper Sevier

0.2

Q/A (m)

!

Upper Bear Upper Virgin 1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

!

2000

0

0

15 Kilometers

30

5

10

Kilometers

A= 2450 km2

Duchesne

A= 450 km2

Land Use... Watershed Attributes

http://earth.gis.usu.edu/index.html

http://www.gis.usu.edu/ Land cover information from NLCD seamless Data map http://seamless.usgs.gov/website/seamless/viewer.php

Evaporation.... Potential Evaporation http://eos-webster.sr.unh.edu/data_guides/ghaas_usa_dg.jsp

Runoff Ratio = Q/(AP) 0.145

(1997-2001) ~

0.101

60

LOWESS

50

(R default)

40

A= 2450 km2

% (Area)

1992

1993

2001

30

1995 1998

0.08

0.12

(1992-1996) ~

Upper Virgin at Virgin

20 10 0

Water/Wetland

1994 0.04

Q/A (m)

0.16

Land-Use Effect

1996 2000 0.3

0.4

1992 0.5

Range

1997

0.6

Precipitation (m)

0.7

Agriculture

Urban Forest

On Going Tasks...  Examining

Trends in Water Balance Quantities... (Precipitation, Evaporation, Runoff)  Quantifying Natural Runoff Changes,  Analysis of Relationships and Trends.

Results & Their Benefits.... Quantification of The General Sensitivity of Water Availability at The Scale of Regional Subbasins to Changes In LandUse and Watershed Management (index of dryness).  Guidance to Water Resources Management In State Of Utah.  Linkage to Other Studies (Economics).