academic, religious, media and other actors. Analysis Threat assessments primarily focus on terrorism, rogue states, and
Policy Brief 2011
Defining
Human
Security
Human
Security
requires
freedom
from
fear,
freedom
from
want
and
freedom
to
live
in
dignity.
Human
Security
includes
five
principles.
1. Human
security
is
peoplecentered,
focusing
on
the
safety
and
protection
of
individuals,
communities,
and
their
global
environment.
A
human
security
approach
empowers
local
people
to
assess
vulnerabilities
and
threats
and
then
identify
and
take
part
in
strategies
to
build
security
rather
than
imposing
outside
definitions.
Strategies
to
achieve
human
security
are
successful
in
as
much
as
they
protect
the
quantity
and
quality
of
life.
2. Human
security
is
comprehensive.
In
practice,
human
security
strategies
range
from
a
limited
operational
“freedom
from
fear”
to
a
more
encompassing
structural
approach
including
“freedom
from
want”
and
“freedom
to
live
in
dignity.”
3. Human
security
is
multisectoral,
addressing
a
range
of
interdependent
global
and
local
threats,
insecurities
and
vulnerabilities
in
security,
development
and
human
rights.
4. Human
security
is
contextspecific.
Local
dimensions
of
global
threats
are
unique
and
require
context‐specific
assessment
and
planning.
5. Human
security
is
preventionoriented.
Conflict
prevention
and
peacebuilding
strategies
aim
for
sustainable
solutions
to
address
immediate
and
structural
factors
causing
fear,
want
and
humiliation.
Contrasting
Human
Security
&
National
Security
The
concept
of
human
security
both
contrasts
and
overlaps
with
notions
of
national
security.
National
Security
Paradigm
Human
Security
Paradigm
Goal
Securing
territory,
economic
and
political
interests
of
the
nation
such
access
to
oil
or
other
resources
or
promoting
ideologies
such
as
free
market
capitalism
or
democracy
Primarily
military
Protecting
the
well‐being
of
individuals
and
communities
so
that
they
can
live
free
from
fear,
free
from
want
and
free
to
live
in
dignity.
Actors
Multi‐track
efforts
at
top,
mid,
and
community
levels
including
government,
civil
society,
business,
academic,
religious,
media
and
other
actors
Analysis
Threat
assessments
primarily
focus
Threat
assessments
include
weapons
of
mass
on
terrorism,
rogue
states,
and
destruction,
terrorism
from
state
and
non‐state
weapons
of
mass
destruction
(WMD)
actors,
fragile
states,
poverty,
economic
disparity,
discrimination
between
groups,
armed
non‐state
groups,
deadly
diseases,
nuclear
and
biological
materials,
instability,
environmental
destruction,
a
Budget
Security
budget
geared
toward
Security
budget
requires
investments
in
preventive
offensive
military
capacity
efforts
involving
economic
development,
good
governance,
and
robust,
multi‐track
diplomacy
Global
Less
relationship
to
global
security
Greater
relationship
to
global
security
Ties
The 3P Human Security promotes conflict prevention and peacebuilding as security strategies.www.3Phumansecurity.org
Short
term
Operational
Human
Security:
Freedom
from
Fear
and
the
Responsibility
to
Protect The
narrow
“operational”
definition
of
human
security
focuses
on
decreasing
violent
threats
to
individuals
from
both
state
and
non‐state
actors.
Goals
• •
Community
security
refers
to
protecting
people
from
violence
against
ethnic,
religious
and
cultural
groups,
particularly
minorities.
Political
security
refers
to
whether
a
state
protects
and
promotes
human
rights.
Many
states
still
use
political
repression
and
torture
against
their
own
citizens,
restrict
information
via
the
media,
and
limit
civil
freedoms.
Doctrine
A
traditional
emphasis
on
state
sovereignty
limited
international
action
when
a
government
used
repression
on
its
own
people
or
was
unable
to
protect
its
citizens
during
civil
violence.
Most
violence
happens
within
states,
not
between
states.
Human
security
requires
stability.
But
when
governments
serve
elite
interests
at
the
exclusion
of
their
citizens
or
when
governments
repress
their
own
citizens,
change
may
be
necessary.
Human
security
approaches
ask,
“Stabilization
for
whom
and
for
what
purpose?”
The
Responsibility
to
Protect
(R2P)
doctrine
details
each
state’s
responsibility
to
protect
its
population
from
genocide,
war
crimes,
crimes
against
humanity
and
ethnic
cleansing
(mass
atrocities).
If
the
State
is
unable
to
protect
its
population,
the
international
community
has
a
responsibility
to
help
build
state
capacity
for
early‐warning,
mediating
conflicts,
security
sector
reform,
and
many
other
actions.
If
a
State
fails
to
protect
its
citizens
from
mass
atrocities
or
commits
these
acts
against
its
own
citizens,
the
international
community
has
the
responsibility
to
intervene
at
first
diplomatically
using
a
wide
array
of
peaceful
measures,
then
more
coercively
through
various
forms
of
sanctions,
and
using
force
as
a
last
resort.
Methods
Short‐term
operational
human
security
efforts
can
include:
• Security
sector
reform
(SSR)
to
ensure
civilian
oversight
of
security
institutions,
security
policies
consistent
with
human
rights
laws,
and
relationship‐based
models
of
community
policing.
• Disarmament,
demobilization,
and
reintegration
(DDR)
of
armed
groups
by
using
grievance
resolution
processes.
• Policy
advocacy
to
address
underlying
political,
economic,
and
environmental
drivers
of
violence
and
insecurity;
policy
advocacy
to
promote
funding
and
primacy
of
human
security
goals
with
a
focus
on
civilian
protection
rather
than
elite
interests.
Long
term
Structural
Human
Security:
Freedom
from
Need
and
Humiliation
The
broad
“structural”
definition
of
human
security
includes
a
focus
on
addressing
root
causes.
Goals
• • • •
Economic
security
refers
to
the
need
for
people
to
have
opportunities
to
earn
and
access
a
basic
income.
Research
links
high
unemployment
with
crime
and
violence.
Food
security
refers
to
people
having
physical
and
economic
access
to
basic
food.
Research
suggests
the
distribution
of
food
and
lack
of
income
to
purchase
food
are
the
core
problems.
Health
security
refers
to
a
minimum
access
to
health
services,
clean
water
and
other
basic
necessities
to
prevent
infectious
diseases
and
lifestyle‐related
chronic
diseases.
Environmental
security
refers
to
threats
from
climate
change
such
as
drought,
storms,
floods,
rising
sea
waters,
and
pollution
that
harm
the
health
of
humans
and
other
life.
Doctrine
There
are
several
related
policy
prescriptions
aiming
to
measure
and
address
long‐term
human
security.
These
include
the
Millenium
Development
Goals
(MDGs),
Human
Development
Index
(HDI)
and
the
Human
Security
Index.
Methods
Structural
human
security
includes
a
wide
range
of
political
and
economics
strategies
to
support
participatory
governance
and
sustainable
development.
The 3P Human Security promotes conflict prevention and peacebuilding as security strategies.www.3Phumansecurity.org
