Properties of water. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Manure and sludge as liquid media for HTL. Biocrude yield using two different solvents. Physical ...
Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Effect of Various Waste Streams as Reaction Medium M. Toufiq Reza, PhD With co-authors Akbar Saba and Chuck Coronella of University of Nevada Reno Reza Shekarriz of HydroTORR LLC. AIChE Annual Conference, 11 November 2015, Salt Lake City, UT
University of Nevada, Reno
Land grant university UNR has ~ 20,000 students Tier 1 university- wide range of academic disciplines 2
Outline Properties of water Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) Manure and sludge as liquid media for HTL Biocrude yield using two different solvents Physical properties of biocrude Chemical constituents of biocrude Conclusions
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Subcritical water
Dielectric constant Non-polar solvent Ionic product more ions
Physical properties of water with temperature, at 24 MPa [1]
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Carbonization
Hydrothermal Treatment
Phase diagram of water [2,3]
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Hydrothermal Liquefaction Hot compressed water (250 – 374 °C) Short contact time (20-60 min) High Pressure : vapor pressure of liquid water (5-22 MPa) Gases (mostly CO2) Polar compounds (acids, phenols etc)
Biomass Water
Biocrude
250 – 374 ˚C Solid char
Loblolly pine
Water Hydrothermal liquefaction process
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Why HTL? 1. Wet process 2. Possible to avoid expensive pre-drying 3. Accepts numerous biomass types 4. Can converts waste to energy 5. Non-catalytic process 6. Straightforward process 8. Biocrude can be upgraded to liquid fuels
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The challenge HTL requires water; usual practice 10-15% solid Modern dairies produce a lot of manure (up to 50 kg per
cow per day)
More than 20 million ton/year (dry basis) in the U.S. Moisture > 90% and >15% ash
7 MT dry sewage sludge were produced in the US in 2014 Contains >85% moisture and >25% ash Mostly landfilled and/or incinerated
Synergetic effect- as both manure and sludge contains
carbons Can we use manure and sewage sludge as water source of HTL? 8
Objectives Perform HTL of loblolly pine using dairy manure and sewage
sludge as moisture source Monitoring biocrude yield by polar and non-polar solvents Physical characterization of biocrudes Density Viscosity
Chemical characterization of biocrudes CHON elemental analysis GC/MS FTIR 9
Properties of feedstocks Origin Loblolly pine Dairy manure Sewage sludge
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Southern Alabama, 2013 UNR experimen tal station TMWRF Local WWT plant
Remaining steps HTL temperature T>300 °C Optimization Reaction mechanism Upgrade biocrude to jet fuel Life cycle analysis TEA
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Conclusions • Dairy manure and sewage sludge have synergetic effect on HTL • Biocrude yield was as much as 30% for both acetone and • • • • •
cyclohexane solvent in basis of LP only Cyclohexane is more effective for Sludge/LP than Man/LP C content reached >80%, O< 5% and HHV > 40 MJ kg-1 Densities: Cyclohexane 1000 kg m-3 Sludge/LP biocrude complex viscosity
