Identifying spatial and interannual variability in spring
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Identifying spatial and interannual variability in spring
Dec 11, 2006 - of the Slave River Delta, NWT, using water isotope tracers. Bronwyn Brock1, Brent Wolfe1,2 and Tom Edwards1. Universities of Waterloo1 and ...
Identifying spatial and interannual variability in spring flooding of the Slave River Delta, NWT, using water isotope tracers
Bronwyn Brock1, Brent Wolfe1,2 and Tom Edwards1 Universities of Waterloo1 and Wilfrid Laurier2, Waterloo, Ontario
11 December 2006
The Mackenzie Basin Deltas
Mackenzie Delta - 12000 km2 Liard River Paleo-delta Slave Delta - 400 km2 (active delta)
Peace-Athabasca Delta - 3900 km2
Source: Eric Leinberger, University of British Columbia (produced for the Mackenzie Basin Impact Study).
Slave River Delta Oct. 4, 2003 – Source: www.visibleearth.nasa.gov
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Identify interannual variability in magnitude and spatial extent of spring flooding Identify potential hydrometeorological factors contributing to variations in magnitude and spatial extent of flooding Investigate potential for reconstructing Slave River flood frequency record from flow gauges and sediment core records
May 03-05 Isotope Hydrology & TSS L
E
L
-1 0 0
2005 - Significant c) M ay 1 7 , 2 0 0 5 flooding
ay 3 1 , flooding 2004 2004b ) -MNo
M ay 2 3 , 2 0 0 3 flooding 2003 - a)Moderate
c) M ay 1 7 , 2 0 0 5
2H
LM
W
E
-1 2 0
L SSL
b ) M ay 3 1 , 2 0 0 4 S S L
L
L
-1 1 0
-1 3 0 -1 4 0
G reat S lav e P Lak e
G reat S lav e Lak e
G reat S lav e Lak e
S lav e R iv er
-1 5 0
S lav e R iv er
S lav e R iv er
-1 6 0
e
G reat S lav e Lak e
G reat S lav e Lak e
-2 0
-1 5 S lav e R 1 8ivOer
-1 0
-5
-2 0
-1 5
-1 0
-5
-2 0
-5
-5
G reat S lav e Lak e -2 0
-1 5
-1 0
-5
-2 0
-1 5
18O S lav e R iv er
0 .3 2 0 .3 0
F lo o d ed-1lak 0 es 1 8oO n -flo o d ed lak es N
-5
G reat S lav e Lak e F lo o d ed lak es N o n -flo o d ed lak es
0 .2 8
T S S (g L -1 )
-1 0 18O
0 .3 6 0 .3 4
-1 5
1er8 O S lav e R iv
S lav e R iv er
0 .2 6
0 .1 2 0 .1 0
S lav e R iv er
0 .0 8 0 .0 6
G reat S lav e Lak e
G reat S lav e Lak e S lav e R iv er
0 .0 4 0 .0 2 0 .0 0 e
-2 0
-1 5G reat S lav e Lak -1 0 e 1 8e R iv er S lav O
-5
-2 0
-1 5
-1 0 18O
-5
-2 0
-1 5
-1 0 18O
-5
May 03-05 Isotope Hydrology & TSS 2005 - Significant flooding
2004 - No flooding
2003 - Moderate flooding LE
L
-100 -110
SSL c) M ay 1 7 , 2 0 0 5
L
b ) M ay 3 1 , 2 0 0 4
2H
LM
L
W
-120
G reat S lave Lake
G reat S lave Lake
-130
SL
-140
G reat PS lav e -150 Lak e
G reat S lave Lake
G reat S lav e Lak e
S lave R iver
S lave R iver
-160 -20
-15
-10
-5
-20
18 O S lav e R iv er
-15
-10
-5
-20
-15
18 O S lav e R iv er
0.36
-10
-5
18O G reat S lave Lake
0.34 -5
S lave R iver
-2 0 0.32
-1 5 -1 0 S lave 1 8ROiver
-5
-2 0
F looded lakes -1 5 -1 0 N on-flooded lakes 18O
-5
0.30 G reat S lav e Lak e
T S S (g L -1 )
0.28
F lo o d ed lak es N o n -flo o d ed lak es
0.26
S lave R iver
0.12 0.10 S lav e R iv er
0.08 0.06
G reat S lave Lake
G reat S lave Lake S lave R iver
0.04 0.02 0.00 -20
G-15 reat S lav e Lak e-10 18 S lav eR ivOer
-5
-20
-15
-10 18 O
-5
-20
-15
-10 18 O
-5
May 03-05 Isotope Hydrology & TSS 2005 - Significant flooding
2004 - No flooding
2003 - Moderate flooding LE
L
-100 -110
SSL c) M ay 1 7 , 2 0 0 5
L
b ) M ay 3 1 , 2 0 0 4
2H
LM
L
W
-120
G reat S lave Lake
G reat S lave Lake
-130
SL
-140
G reat PS lav e -150 Lak e
G reat S lave Lake
G reat S lav e Lak e
S lave R iver
S lave R iver
-160 -20
-15
-10
-5
-20
18 O S lav e R iv er
-15
-10
-5
-20
-15
18 O S lav e R iv er
0.36
-10
-5
18O G reat S lave Lake
0.34 -5
S lave R iver
-2 0 0.32
-1 5 -1 0 S lave 1 8ROiver
-5
-2 0
F looded lakes -1 5 -1 0 N on-flooded lakes 18O
-5
0.30 G reat S lav e Lak e
T S S (g L -1 )
0.28
F lo o d ed lak es N o n -flo o d ed lak es
0.26
S lave R iver
0.12 0.10 S lav e R iv er
0.08 0.06
G reat S lave Lake
G reat S lave Lake S lave R iver
0.04 0.02 0.00 -20
G-15 reat S lav e Lak e-10 18 S lav eR ivOer
-5
-20
-15
-10 18 O
-5
-20
-15
-10 18 O
-5
b) 31 M ay 2004
a) 23 M ay 2003
100 %
7
15 16 20 14 22 11 13 21 19 12 18 24 23 25
39 38 6800000
10 6 9 24 3 1
41 40
5
90 % 6800000 80 %
8
70 %
17
28
26
31 32
40
5
90 %
80 %
8
70 %
17
28
29
27 34
30
26
50 %
32
6780000 30 %
3533
10 % 6770000
350000
360000
370000
c) 17 M ay 2005
380000
390000
100 %
7
15 16 20 14 22 11 13 21 19 12 18 24 23 25
39 38 6800000
10 6 9 24 3 1
41 40
5
90 % 80 %
8
70 %
17
28
34
N o rthin g
29
27
6790000
30
26
60 %
31 50 %
32
6780000
3 53 3
20 %
36 37 10 %
0 %
E asting
40 %
Extent of 2003-2005 spring flooding
30 %
20 %
36 37 6770000
10 % 0
%
40 %
30 %
20 %
36 37 6770000
60 %
31
50 % 40 %
3533
6780000
10 6 9 24 3 1
41
6790000 60 %
30
N o rth in g
N o rth in g
34
15 16 20 14 22 11 13 21 19 12 18 24 23 25
39 38
29
27
6790000
100 %
7
(% dilution)
0 %
Spring 03-05 Slave River Hydrology a) 23 M ay 2003
7000
Ice b reak u p
S am p lin g d ate
2003
4 .0
4000 3 .5 3000 3 .0
2000
10 6 9 24 3 1
41 40
5
90 %
80 %
8
70 %
17
28
29
27
6790000
34
N orthing
5000
4 .5
Slave river Level (m above datum )
3 -1 Slave R iver D ischarge (m s )
6000
15 16 20 14 22 11 13 21 19 12 23 18 24 25
38
39 6800000
S lav e R iv er D isch arg e S lav e R iv er L ev el
100%
7
5 .0
30
26
50 %
32 40 %
33 35
6780000
30 %
20 %
36 37 10 %
6770000
1000
2 .5
7000
5 .0
0
4 .0 4000 3 .5 3000 3 .0
2000
38
39 6800000
41
9
40
1
10 6 24 3
100%
15 16 20 14 22 11 13 21 19 12 23 18 24 25
5
90 %
80 %
8
70 %
17
28
29
27
6790000
34
N orthing
2004
Slave river Level (m above datum )
3 -1 Slave R iver D ischarge (m s )
5000
4 .5
%
b) 31 M ay 2004 7
6000
60 %
31
30
26
60 %
31 50 %
32 40 %
33 35
6780000
30 %
20 %
36 37
1000
2 .5
7000
5 .0
10 %
6770000
0
100 %
5000 4 .0 4000 3 .5 3000 3 .0
2000
39 6800000
41 40
15 16 20 14 22 11 13 21 19 12 23 18 24 25
38
10 6 9 24 3 1
5
90 % 80 %
8 17
70 %
28
29
27
6790000
34
N orthing
2005
4 .5
Slave river Level (m above datum )
3 -1 Slave R iver D ischarge (m s )
7
6000
%
c) 17 M ay 2005
30
26
60 %
31 50 %
32
6780000
33 35
40 % 30 %
20 %
1000 0 1 -A p r
2 .5 0 1 -M ay
36 37 6770000
10 %
0 1 -J u n 0
%
Slave River Spring Discharge S lav e R iv er sp rin g p eak d isch arg e 2004 2003 2005
2005 Ice o n Ice o ff
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960 0
2000
4000
6000
D isch arg e (m
8000 3 -1 s )
10000 12000
Peace and Slave River Spring Discharge P eace R iv er sp rin g p eak d isch arg e
S lav e R iv er sp rin g p eak d isch arg e
S D 2 C /N sed im en t reco rd
2004 2003 2005
2005 Ice o n Ice o ff 2000 **
1995
**
**
**
**
SRD
**
1990 *
*
1985 *
1980
* **
* 1975
** *
* *
**
* **
* **
**
1970
** - PAD spring ice jam flood * - PAD lower magnitude flood
1965
1960 0
2000
4000
8000 10000 12000 0 3 -1 D isch arg e (m s ) 6000
2000
4000
6000
8000
3 -1 D isch arg e (m s )
10000 12000
8
10
12
14
16
w eig h t C /N
18
20
SRD Flood Frequency Records
rin g p eak d isch arg e
SPlav e RRiviverersp arg ee eace sprin ringgppeak eakd disch isch arg
SSDlav 2 Ce /N rd d isch arg e R ivsed er im sp en rintgreco p eak
2004 2003 2005
SD2 C
2004 2003 2005
2005
Ice o n Ice o ff
Ice o n Ice o ff
Slave River C/N, May 2005
2000
**
** 1995
**
**
**
**
**
**
****
**
*
*
1990 * 1985
* **
* 1975
*
*
* **
*
00
*
1980
**
*
*
** *
* *
**
**
* * ** *
**
*
** * **
**
1970
1965
1960
8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 00 3 -1 D isch arg e (m s ) 6000
22000000 44000000 6 60 00 00 0 8 08 00 00 0 1 01000000 01 21020000 0 80 1 0 2 01020 1 44 0 10 60 1680 0200 8 0 0 0 3 -1 3 -1 3 -1 D isch arg e (margse (m ) D isch s ) w eig h t D Cisch /N arg e (m s )
10000 12000
8
10
PAD & SRD Flood Frequency Records SD 2
PA D 15
2005 2000
’96/’97 flood events
1995
Reduced flood frequency
1990 1985
SRD
1980
Variable flood frequency
1975 1970 1965 1960 1955
Reduced flood frequency
1950 1945 1940
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20 C /N
Flood event
1935 1930 8
10
12
14
C /N
16
18
8
10
12
14
C /N
16
18
CONCLUDING COMMENTS Spatial extent of flooding in the SRD is variable and related to hydrometeorological conditions preceding breakup, and can be mapped using water isotope tracers Slave River level and discharge play a significant role in dictating the spatial extent of flooding
In the absence of flooding, catchment-sourced snowmelt runoff is important for maintaining lake level High flow events on the Slave River are related to high flow events on the Peace River Similar records of Slave and Peace River flood frequency are recorded in PAD and SRD lake sediments
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
NSERC Northern Research Chair Program NSERC Undergrad. Student Research Award Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program Premier’s Research Excellence Award Canada Foundation for Innovation/Ontario Innovation Trust University of Waterloo – EIL, WATER Lab Northern Scientific Training Program Polar Continental Shelf Project BC Hydro Meteorological Service of Canada Award Wood Buffalo Helicopters Deninu Kue First Nation Deninoo School Local field assistance: G. Lafferty, L. Norn
