Millimeter Wave MicroStrip Patch Antenna for 5G Mobile Communication. D. Imran, M. M. Farooqi, M. I. Khattak
Z. Ullah, M. I. Khan, M. A. Khattak and H. Dar
Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology,Peshawar Peshawar, Pakistan
[email protected]
Department of Electrical Engineering University of Enginnering and Technology,Peshawar Peshawar,Pakistan
[email protected]
Abstract – This paper presents a micro strip patch antenna for future 5G-communication technology at centered frequency 38GHz and 54GHz having bandwidth 1.94GHz and 2GHz respectively with low cost substrate and small size patch best suited for miniaturized devices. It consists of Rogers RT5880 (lossy) substrate with dielectric constant 2.2 with loss tangent of 0.0013 and standard thickness 0.508mm, PEC patch and PEC ground. Substrate of dimensions 6mm×6.25mm and patch with dimensions 2mm×2mm is used. Microstrip-line feeding technique is used. Array having 4 elements with 4mm spacing has been proposed to achieve 12 dB gain for mobile data Applications on millimeter wave frequencies at 38.6GHz, 47.7GHz and 54.3GHz having bandwidth 3.5GHz, 2.5GHz and 1.3GHz respectively with Tapered line feeding. Overall size of antenna is 6mm×6.25mm×0.578mm. The proposed Antenna design is simulated on CST Microwave Studio. Index Terms – 5G, Millimeter wave, Micro strip line, Array ,Tapered line feeding and CST .
I. INTRODUCTION With the fast development in the wireless systems and radio telecommunication systems, the demands of such antenna design that has improved characteristics such as antenna size, bandwidth, gain, power loss, traffic demand, and high data rate. These requirement leads to numerous designs to achieve tradeoffs between design, high gain low loss, antenna size , high bandwidth, 70% plus radiation efficiency, low cost and high data rate [1-9]. Since the upcoming Fifth Generation (5G) will be five times than the present Fourth Generation (4G).It will have high data rate, large bandwidth and high capacity. Millimeter wave radio frequency can provide the basic ground for the new Generation (5G).Millimeter wave have unexploited spectrum (3GHz-300GHz) to fulfill the new generation needs. The spectrum of 5G application is 20-90GHz [2]. 5G antennas are designed at frequencies 28Ghz, 38GHz, 72GHz having bandwidths of 500 MHz, 1 GHz, and 2 GHz as they are all suitable for high data rate and low latency system [3].They are highly directional and obstacle sensitive due to narrow beam width they can be used for cellular applications [4]. Many Substrates are available but as all substrates' dielectric constants are below 10GHz [1], except Rogers substrate, therefore Rogers substrate is best for millimeter wave. It is most suitable for UHF (ultra high frequencies) because of low dielectric loss and low dispersion [10, 11].
Rogers substrate have characteristics of low water absorption, lowest electric loss and low moisture absorption [10, 11]. In this paper we have a substrate having bottom side as ground and the other side as the radiator patch. The material for the both sides should be metal. M-line feeding is used because as we need 12dB gain which can be achieved through arrays for mobile communication. As in this paper the centered frequency is 38GHz which lies in Ka-band (27-40GHz) [11]. Microstrip patch antennas has attractive widespread features due to its low profile, light weight, small size, low cost, and very simple to design, suited to planer and non-planer surfaces[5]. The gain and efficiency can be increased by using antenna arrays [12], and proposed antenna has array structure. In reference paper [3], they used PIFA antenna for frequency 28GHz and 38GHz and has a higher bandwidth. In reference paper [5], work is done on 28GHz and 38GHz by using transformer coupling.their gain is 9.05dB and efficiency is 83.03%. In paper [13] work has been done on 60GHz frequency using H-slot and E-slot. The Gain is 5.48dB and Return loss is -40.99dB. In paper [14] work has been done on the 5G millimeter antennas for cellular handsets using phased array and radio architecture. The proposed antenna works on 38GHz and 54GHz having high bandwidth, high radiation efficiency, and gain. The array of 4 elements has center frequencies of 38.6GHz, 47.7GHz, and 54.8GHz with the gain of -12dB. Some comparisons between proposed Antenna and the related Work is given in the following TABLE 1 TABLE 1 COMPARISON WITH RELATED WORK
Reference Papers
Patch Size (mm)
Resonance Frequency (GHz)
Retur n Loss (dB)
Gain (dB)
Bandwidth (GHz)
[3]
1.3×1.2
28,38
-43,-18
3.34,1.39
[15]
1.3×1.83
28,38
-45,-20
3.75, 5.06 5.8, 5.5
THIS WORK
1×1
38, 54
-15.5, -12
6.9, 7.4
1.94, 2.05
II. ANTENNA DESISGN AND THEORY
0.7,0.38
(A). 5G ANTENNA DESIGN As shown in the Fig.1, micro strip patch antenna with substrate dimension of Ls×Ws with Rogers 5880 material having dielectric constant of 2.2, loss Tangent of 0.0013. Height of substrate is of Rogers' standard size i.e. 0.508mm. Dimensions used for substrate is 6mm×6.25mm. The dimensions used for ground is same as the substrate 6mm×6.25mm. M-line feed is used to design proposed micro strip patch antenna. The width of the feed is Wf (0.2mm) and length Lf (2.15mm). The selected dimensions (Lp×Wp) for the radiating patch are (2mm×2mm). Dimensions of the proposed antenna are calculated using the well known microstrip patch antenna formulas as stated below.
x
Width of Patch.
(1)
W=
x
Fig.2 Perspective View
Length of Patch
L=
(2)
-2∆
Where Leff can be determined by formula as stated below.
L
(3)
=
εr: Dielectric constant of the Rogers substrate (2.2). =
+
× (1 + (
)) Fig.3 Back View (Ground) TABLE 2 PARAMETER VALUES OF PROPOSED 5G ANTENNA
(4)
x
ΔL (Extension length) .
∆ =0.412×h×
.
(
.
)
(
. )
Ls
L
Fig.1 Geometry of proposed micro strip feed antenna
(5)
Parameters Ls Ws H Lp Wp Mt Wf Lf Wg Lg
Description Length of Substrate Width of Substrate Height of Substrate Length of Patch Width of Patch Height of Patch Width of Feed line Length of Feed line Width of Ground Length of Ground
Value (mm) 6 6.25 0.508 2 2 0.035 0.2 2.15 6.25 6
(B). 5G DESIGN OF ARRAY Array of 1×4 element is proposed in this research paper to achieve high gain of 12dB for mobile applications. Each element of the array has a distance "d" of (4mm) between adjacent elements. Tapered line feeding technique is used for feeding the Array. Fig.4 shows the structure of 4-element Array.
TABLE 4 RETURN LOSS OF PROPOSED MODEL
Antenna Fig.4 Antenna array of 1×4 elements. TABLE 3 PARAMETER VALUES OF PROPOSED ANTENNA (ARRAY)
Parameter
Description
Value(mm)
D
Distance between two elements Width of 100Ω impedance line Width of 50 Ω impedance line
4
wf1 wf2
II.
0.5 1
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(A). Return Loss Plot: S-Parameter shows the input to output relation between Ports. The S(1,1) is called the return loss. When the S(1,1) is 0dB then all the power is reflected. If S(1,1) is -10dB then 3dB of the total power is transferred to the antenna with the loss of -7dB as reflected power, therefore the S(1,1) should be less then -10dB for antenna to perform effectively. This antenna has a Return loss of -15.5dB and -12dB for 38GHz and 54GHz respectively in Fig 5(a)(5G ANTENNA) and has a Return loss of -13.6dB, -22.5dB, and -18dB for 38.6GHz, 47.7GHz and 54GHz respectively in Fig 5(b)(5G Antenna Array).
5G Antenna
Resonant frequency (GHz) Return loss S1,1 (dB)
5G Antenna Array
38
54
38
47.7
54
-15.5
-12
-13.5
-22.5
-18
(B). VSWR: VSWR gives the detail about the power reflection of an Antenna. VSWR should be a real and positive number. Smaller the value of VSWR, better the performance of the Antenna. It explains the impedance matching to the transmission line. This antenna has a VSWR of 1.3dB and 1.64dB for 38GHz and 54GHz respectively which can be seen in Fig 6(a)(5G ANTENNA) and has a VSWR of 1.55dB, 1.16dB and 1.2dB for 38.6GHz,47.7GHz and 54GHz respectively which can be seen in Fig 6(b)(5G Antenna Array).
(a)
(a) (b)
Fig. 6 VSWR (a) 5G ANTENNA (b) 5G Antenna Array TABLE 5 VSWR OF THE PROPOSED MODEL
Antenna Resonant frequency (GHz) (b)
Fig 5. Return loss (a) 5G ANTENNA (b) 5G Antenna Array
VSWR
5G ANTENNA
5G Antenna Array
38
54
38.6
47.7
54
1.3
1.64
1.55
1.16
1.2
The characteristic parameters of proposed antenna in terms of operating frequencies, return loss, gain, directivity, bandwidth and efficiency is tabulated in the following Table 6.
B) 5G ANTENNA ARRAY:
TABLE 6 CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF PROPOSED MODEL
Anten-na
5G Antenna
5G Antenna Array
Resona -nce Freque n-cy (GHz)
Retu -rn Loss (dB)
Ga-in (dB)
Direct ivi-ty (dBi)
Bandwidth (GH)
Efficie -ncy (%)
38
-15.5
6.9
7.2
1.94
93.5
54
-12
7.4
8.2
2
82.7
38.6
-13.6
12.2
12.2
3.5
99.5
47.7
-22.5
11.6
11.6
2.5
99.3
54
-18
12.1
12.4
1.3
93
Fig 7(c). Gain of 38.8GHz frequency
Gain Plots: A).5G ANTENNA: The Gain plots of Microstrip patch antenna are shown in Fig 7(a) and Fig 7(b)
Fig 7(d). Gain of 47.7GHz frequency
Fig 7(a).Gain of 38GHz frequency
Fig 7(e). Gain of 54GHz frequency
Surface Current Distribution: A). 5G ANTENNA: Surface current distribution for 5G Antenna microstrip patch antenna is shown in Fig 8(a) and Fig (b).
Fig 7(b). Gain of 54GHz frequency
Fig 8(e). Current distribution for 54GHz frequency Fig 8(a). Current distribution for 38GHz frequency
3D PLOTS: A) 5G ANTENNA:
Fig 8(b). Current distribution for 54GHz frequency
Fig. 9(a) 3D pattern at 38GHz B) 5G ANTENNA ARRAY:
Fig 8(c). Current distribution for 38.6GHz frequency
Fig9(b). 3D pattern at 54GHz B) 5G ANTENNA ARRAY
Fig 8(d). Current distribution for 47.7Ghz frequency
Fig. 9(c) 3D pattern at 38.6GHz
[4]
[5]
[6]
Fig.9 (d) 3D pattern at 47.7GHz
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
Fig. 9(e). 3D pattern at 54GHz
[11]
CONCLUSION In this research, a simple microstrip patch antenna and array of 4 elements is used for 5G wireless communication. The simple microstrip patch antenna gives dual-band and Array give 3bands which are used for 5G communication. Microstrip patch antenna gives 38GHz and 54GHz frequencies and Array gives 38.6GHz, 47.7GHz, and 54GHz frequencies and all of these bands are used in 5G communication. Microstrip Antenna gives a Gain of 6.9dB for 38GHz and 7.4dB for 54GHz respectively. Furthermore, when a 4-element linear array is employed, it gives a Gain of 12.2dB for 38.6GHz and 11.6dB for 47.7GHz and 12.1dB for 54GHz respectively. This shows that we can achieve high Gain by using an array. This antenna has high Gain, Bandwidth, Radiation efficiency and directivity as shown in Table 6, which shows that this antenna is very suitable for 5G communications. REFERENCES [1]
[2]
[3]
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