ilË;t'it ai tt e intestinal microflora ili;ï* a role in autoimmune disease' öi it; iunctional paÍam-eter.of the indigenous microflora, indtcattng-tne. ;;;;ïitia,. "f.
EditedbY MftxoecologY and TheraPY
Insti[rt fiir Milrcökologie
Mitroökologie und TheraPie Vol. 20,489 - 494 (1990)
D 6348 Herborn-Dill GermanY
rssN 0720-0536
coLoNrzATroN RESISTANqE-4.ND
ANTTBODTES AGATNST THE
I0HEALTHY rNDrcpNouslïïE§iiNÀírylcnóruó-ry4--1f I' RELATToNSHTP?
vöïtixrrnns
THEA
§:JAGT' I{ERMA Z. APPERLOO-RENKEMA, anO pmX VeN DER WAAU WILKINSON' H'F' MICHAEL Is there a relationship between the INTRODUCTION "'ih;;r;ePt or Colonization Resis- CR and circulating antibacterÍal anuooohas a.good CR' (Cnl has recentlY become t'bjït i;.? wfi;. indi=viduat
on;t or."rè*eí
ilË;t'it ili;ï* öi it;
interest now evidence accu-
ai tt e intestinal microflora
in autoimmune disease' iunctional paÍam-eter.of the indigenous microflora, indtcattng-tne ;;;;ïitia, the indigenous microflora a role
"f host against invaston toïtoteci the
ano
e.*colonization of his digestive tract qy me ln present osenous microorganisms, or nutnents e'g' as eívironment such shown have studies (1). Animal the host NZB mice develoP
;il';ilóntional autoimmune symPtoms at the:gercf NZB ;b;;- 10 *eets,^whereaswithsPF bacteria iriió"dó not
121.'Contact ttre environment dunng conventional maintenance aggravates .autormmune disease manifestations ln mese ;[;. §fu; CR measures handling of ï ïi"r* A*teria by the ecological.system of tË host and his microflora, it is a.n interesting parameter to study in this contexL Auoimmune disease maY be autoantibodv mediated and in autoimmune drsàase íntibacterial antibody titres ?Pneq to be elevated, against a wide variety.oÏ [*t"ti"t epitàpés, such aq antibodies against baóteriàl DNA and the exclu*íretv bacterial galactosyl-a(1 + 3) ealaciosvl epitope (3,4)' Therefgre' 1ve óecidedio study antibodies ag,ltnst tne iràiÈè"ort mióroflora as well as the CR.
iioó
oótentiallv pathogenic bacteria can not 'eró* out'iri high numbers' Since coniact witt, the irímune system is necessarv for antibody formation' ertner Ëïí.i* ourch invalion or translocation àiinruaÉng bacteria is needed' Ifpot".n;àIil ;;thËsenic bacteria colonize the in low numbers, soqe.oj PeYer's Patches' which against tnese antibodies lge ii iesults anuoootes IgA microorganisms. These the muto mav intàrfere with adhesion colonizahinder ;ffi i5it d therewith iiàn. rÉit event may reduce the number of these potentially pathogenic blctell If the pótentially pathogenic "'1"-TI: ln sanisnis grow out in high numters tTI ít e digestive tract,, not.only.do reach Feyer's patches, but they also translocaie and contact.tle syste31 immune system in which case antibodies àre to be exPected' Translocation is dependent on con(Ó)' A centration and the type of bacteria tnercbactenum particular a for hieh CR ge wiu concentrations tÀat i.tpÉt l"Ë i;; ild translocation is not tgqtikel.y to occur. As a result serum fgu anubodv titres may be low' With Íespect !o moít indigenous intestinal bacteria' experiments-of Foo and Lee (7) sqggest IÀmonotogical tolerance, and hence tint antiU.iív tires againstril/ethese bace developed riíare not tobe expected'
;i;;ii;ff.i
;hillir=à"h
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a test system i indirect i an lmage permits as serum andbody tgn{ ipqpe,li
Volunteen C, faeces, n=783
9
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.-! a C
MATERIAI§
t
Ten healthy and three study. They ples and onc
,
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cu
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I
week.
The CR was hensive
c
of the four
ro LL
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
expressed as
number of di
7.0
obacteriaceae
Facton 1--> 10
pm
Figure 1: Micromorphological classification of faecal bacteria of volunteer C on assessment of form factors Fl and F2. Volunteer C, faeces, n=783
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-!.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6'0
with scoring-of I This quantitative per bacterium
7.0
Facton 1-->
t0
490
Fl
and F3.
measurements
pm
Figure 2: Micromorphological classification of faecal bacteria of volunteer C of form factors
by IIF. For ea serum sample investigated. 1000 bacteria belonging to thc microflora. This terial strains centrations hi volved in our faecal bacterial between l0rolrt The IIF slides processrn Olympus with a Fairchild to an AT MVP/AT imasd Software for the data was tory. The
Ë
t
Lr-
assessment
d
(8,9). Antibacterial
O
of
against strains of image processing
a test system in our laboratory, using
lï"ïffi ffi ï#lififf ':ï:r("ï.i;i:ï:i:j"d:ï:p'_ËfËJïï:lïËlï'3# -" i i.i u ó iàóI * uy' Ëi "dx::#ï:f ËöËJfrfr f fi ["t
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J,ïl r;; Ëc Ëitíi ['ï"Xjï." RESULTS
MATERIALS AND METHODS
ï:l
healthy votunteers, iè"Ë, írr" _ ano tnree t-emale, participated in thè study. They provihéa pres. and one blood sample within óne
rórii.;;ri';";
.
The mean number of different bio_
typ-e§_was 1.25 for volunteers
urq
B,-C;F
§].Q0 for volunreers A, E an-d À yd?.2! forvolunteers », CàO L'ïh;
Ievet of-CR expressed u, iti value of the mèan week. ranged berween o.+ ana b.Àiin The CR was mei |-iotrnel these volunteers. Faecal bacteria can be divided into groups on basis of independ"ni expressed as the inveise of _i"r"_ thè ;;; morphotogicat form racic.s number of different biotypéi ;í E;;;;rr. ror votunteer C the representadon o bac te r i ac e ac of the fd'f;;;ri ;óË; of his-faecal microflora on uàriitïàlï. (8,9). form-factors has been d"p;;,.d;;ïË: Antibacterial .by IIF. For antibodies were studied ures.1 and 2. For several-combinatioís each tesr a fu.ràf-urïï of. these form factor scores, serum. sample of each uoturt"à. *IrË rnv€stlgated. per faecal sampte ;ybsRlces i, S., space indiàilà^i;;,h; 1000 bacteria were measured, iOö_ rorm tactors Fl, F2 and F3, tte iéruÀ mainlv belonging to the unurióuiË'in,ir;.ï#i ytiUoOf_tiges were assessed. In Fieune microfl ora. This implie;ï.Gfy : sgrup rgc antibodies against moËho_ logic?Ily defined terial strains which are present ;f at con_ ria of volunreer öer*p " a.é ,rro*n. fr,Ë-o'"i_ higher trra,i ióZg ;;.1;_ tern Ll?.r11ug_". in Figure 3 for lgc votved tn our observations, "dii_ s-ince the rereo rrom the pattern aïiiËoo; faecal bacterial concentration of IgM and -UaË;";i IeA varies antibodies agairist tne between t}to/gara róiVÀ. raecfi thesame votunteer. This wài ft" !F slidés were ,ru!'Uy an image in ióïnï the other volunteers. The presented in Table l.In the Sdrp;irh" volunreers with retativ"t/tiigË'CË with a Fairchild CCD camëra.oi,nËótàà ö, 9,-F:.5) the IgA ticres are higfi". tf,*"iri Ig-gt AT computer with image process in g b;;;?ïöi I1YI4 r tor §orrware reading and. àvaluatiÈ ói : 0.05
